[Contribution of Optical Coherence Tomography in the evaluation of the iridocorneal angle in Cameroon]. / Apport de la tomographie en cohérence optique dans l'évaluation de l'angle irido-cornéen du camerounais.

INTRODUCTION: Our work was aimed at determining the sensitivity and specificity of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) in the evaluation of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) in Cameroon. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study from January 2 to June 30, 2019 in Yaoundé. One hundred and twenty five patients over 35 years of age underwent three-mirror manual glass gonioscopy and AS-OCT. The angle was defined as occludable on manual gonioscopy if the posterior trabecular meshwork, was not visible and on OCT if there was contact between the iris root and the posterior surface of the peripheral cornea. Quantitative parameters (angle opening distance, angle recess area, and trabecular-iris space area) in the nasal and temporal quadrants were recorded for the analysis. RESULTS: Men accounted for 56.20% of the 96 patients selected (192 eyes). The mean age was 54.78±10 years. The prevalence of occludable angles was 18.75% (18/96 patients) and 28.125% (27/96 patients) on manual and automated gonioscopy respectively. Schaeffer-Etienne grades ≤ 2 were identified in 43/192 (21.94%) nasal quadrants and 33/192 (19.18%) temporal quadrants. The area under the curve (AUC) was maximal for the 500 µm goniometric parameters (> 0.8). An Angle Opening Distance ≤ 333.50 µm was found in 52/192 nasal quadrants (27.10%) and 53/192 (27.60%) temporal. The sensitivity and specificity of AS-OCT in the detection of occludable angles at 500 µm, were 62.8% and 83.2% respectively in the nasal quadrant, and 66.7% and 80.5% respectively in the temporal quadrant. There was a positive correlation between goniometric parameters on AS-OCT and gonioscopy (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Given its higher specificity, AS-OCT should be a supplemental examination in the analysis of an angle which appears closed on manual gonioscopy.

[Severe high blood pressure recently diagnosed in an urban milieu from Subsahelian Africa: Epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects]. / Hypertension artérielle sévère nouvellement diagnostiquée dans un pays en Afrique sub-saharienne : aspects épidemio-cliniques, thérapeutique et évolutifs.

OBJECTIVES: High Blood Pressure (HBP) is a worldwide public health problem. It can be particularly severe in the Black race. Recent studies in Cameroon, showed an alarming prevalence, leading us to want to study the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evaluative aspects of severe, (BP op to 180/110mmHg), recently diagnosed HBP in Yaounde. Our objective was to determine its clinical presentation and evolution. METHODS: We conducted nine months prospective cohort study, from January to September 2016. We recruited from the active population participants who voluntarily accepted blood pressure screening offered in various localities in Yaounde, and were aged from 18 years and above. RESULTS: Of a total of 6519 people who participated in the screening, 1875 (28.8%.), presented a HBP and 363 (5.6%) had severe HBP. Our cohort comprised 153 (42.1%) of these individuals with sustained severe hypertension, not on medication, who accepted the invitation to participate in the study. The range of 45-54 years and 55-64 years were the most represented; the sex ratio was 0.9. The cardiovascular risk factors number range from 5 to 8 with a median of 6. Systolic BP ranged from 184 to 225mmHg with a median of 200mmHg; while the diastolic BP ranged between 111-132.5mmHg with a median of 119mmHg. Kidney injury (77.8%) was the main complications. We identified 3 clinical forms: hypertensive emergencies 121 (79.1%) cases and hypertensive crises 32 (20.9%) cases. In these two groups, 33 (21.6%) patients presented with "super HBP" (a blood pressure>250/150mmHg). The average rate of BP control over 6 month was 39%. The main cause of poor BP control was lack of therapeutic compliance. We registered one death at the 3rd month of follow up due to acute kidney injury. CONCLUSION: Severe HBP prevalence in Yaounde is high in the active fraction of the population insidiously affected. Particularly, unsuspected renal impairment appears to be the major complication. The bad blood pressure control is linked to poor therapeutic observance and persistence.

Anterior Chamber Live Loa loa: Case Report.

We reported a case of unusual intraocular Loa loa in a 27-year-old patient who presented with painful red eye. Biomicroscopy revealed a living and active adult worm in the anterior chamber of the right eye. After surgical extraction under local anesthesia, parasitological identification confirmed L. loa filariasis.