[Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) in the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy]. / Éffektivnost' i bezopasnost' primeneniia botulinicheskogo toksina tipa A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) pri lechenii patsientov s detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

AIM: To assess the safety and clinical and neurophysiological efficacy of xeomin in children with spastic equinus and equinovarus foot deformity in cerebral palsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy (levels I-IV on the GMFCS) were enrolled into this multi-center open-label comparative randomized trial. The patients were administered xeomin or botox once, each drug being administered to 32 patients. Efficacy was evaluated based on clinical characteristics (the modified Ashworth scale, goniometry) and electromyography data. The subjects were observed for 3 months (90±7 days) after injections. The incidence, severity and intensity of adverse events (AE) was also determined. RESULTS: Treatment with xeomin according to the suggested protocol has proven its high clinical efficacy. The efficacy was demonstrated by significant, stable and long-term decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle tone: in the xeomin group, the score on the modified Ashworth scale decreased from 2.6±0.49 points at baseline to 1.8±0.54 points (р<0.000001, paired t-test; р<0.000004, Wilcoxon test). In the botox group, this score decreased from 2.4±0.56 points to 1.6±0.45 points (р<0.000001, paired t-test; р<0.000002, Wilcoxon test). The increased range of ankle joint movements at passive and voluntary feet extension. In the xeomin group, the significant proportion of patients (45.1%) moved to the group of lower spasticity defined as less than two score points on the modified Ashworth scale. The clinical data fully matched the changes in electromyography parameters, which were characterized by the lower amplitude and area of the target muscle (lateral and medial gastrocnemius heads) M-responses. AE developed in three patients (9.4%) administered xeomin and in two patients (6.3%) administered botox. The AE recorded in the study are described in the recommendations on the use of xeomin and botox. In three cases (50.0%), AE intensity was determined as mild, in the remaining three cases (50.0%) as moderate. CONCLUSION: The results have shown the safety and efficacy of xeomin in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. These data are confirmed by the lack of significant differences in any clinical or electromyography parameters with the results in the reference group administered botox.

[Clinical experience of the repeated multilevel injections of the botulinum toxin type A (abobotulinum toxin A) in the spastic forms of cerebral palsy].

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyze the dosages of Abobotulinum toxin A used for each muscle in the clinically effective and safe repeated multilevel injections in CP children, and the intervals between injections. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 229 injection sessions into 359 muscles of the upper and 361 muscles of the lower extremities in 133 children (2-18 years) with spastic CP. Analysis included only patients who were injected for the first time and demonstrated decrease of spasticity in injected muscles according to modified Ashworth and/or Tardieu scales without significant side effects 2-4 weeks after injections. Motor deficit according to GMFCS was: GMFCS I--16(12%) children, GMFCS II--26 (19.6%), GMFCS III--43 (32.3%), GMFCS IV--30 (22.6%), GMFCS V--18 (13.5%). Repeated injections (up to 5 sessions) were done in 59 children. Maximum follow-up perion was 22 months. 40 patients (30.1%) had one-sided injections, 93 (69.9%)--two-sided, 125 (94%)--multilevel injections. RESULTS: We presented minimal and maximal dosages, interquartile ranges for each injected muscle, also "off-label" and our proposition of per-segment calculation of dosages in multilevel injections in CR. We also demonstrated the stability of intervals between repeated injections and dosages per kg in a patient. These results are compared with the official Russian and international recommendations of BTX-A treatment for children. CONCLUSION: We presented our experience of BTX-A dosages calculation for the spastic CP treatment which could be used as a recommendation and guide for the multilevel injections treatment according to the aims of rehabilitation, spasticity level, muscle size and motor deficit of a concrete patient.