RESUMO
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic coccus. It is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in adults and infants, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is also a frequent cause of otitis media and sinus infections. It spreads through close person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets. It presents as pneumonia, bacteremia, or meningitis.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Otite Média/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , SuéciaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to describe the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains circulating in the region of Northern Greece. A total of thirty-seven M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were analysed by the spoligotyping method. According to the results, six clusters comprising seventeen strains were detected, and the remaining twenty strains showed unique patterns. The M.tuberculosis families according to SITVITWEB were distributed as follows: Haarlem (H) (27.0%); T (24.3%); Beijing (13.5%); Latin-America and Mediterranean (LAM) (5.4%) and S (2.7%). The remaining isolates (27%) did not match any isolates within the database and they were characterized as orphans. Regarding GenoType MTBDRplus results, two strains (5.4%) were Multi-Drug-Resistant, four strains (10.8%), were isoniazid monoresistant, while the remaining thirty-one strains (83.8%) were susceptible. In conclusion, in the region of Macedonia-Thrace (Northern Greece), there was high phylogenetic diversity among M. tuberculosis isolates. Molecular tools used and data presented can have regional and national impact on tuberculosis control.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , DNA Bacteriano , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Grécia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the GenoFlow DR-MTB array test (DiagCor Bioscience, Hong Kong) on 70 cultured isolates and 50 sputum specimens. The GenoFlow array test showed good sensitivity and specificity compared to the phenotypic Bactec 460TB. This array accurately detected mutations inrpoB,katG, andinhAassociated with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Rifampina/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Catalase/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Mutação , Oxirredutases/genética , RNA Polimerase II/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
One of the most difficult ethical dilemmas facing health care professionals working in oncology is whether, when, how and how much to tell terminal cancer patients about their diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of this article is to review the trends in this issue worldwide. While a majority of physicians in both developed and developing countries tell the truth more often today than in the past, the assumption that truth-telling is always beneficial to patients can be questioned. The issue of truth-telling is still approached differently in different countries and cultures and there is a need for an increased awareness of cultural differences to truth-telling among patients from ethnic minorities.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Características Culturais , Neoplasias/etnologia , Revelação da Verdade/ética , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde/etnologia , Atitude Frente a Morte/etnologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Família/etnologia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Oncologia/ética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem/psicologia , Papel do Médico/psicologia , Ética Baseada em Princípios , Relações Profissional-Paciente/ética , Prognóstico , Qualidade de Vida/psicologiaRESUMO
We report an extremely rare case of a 22-year-old man with an asymptomatic osteochondroma of the dens of C2 vertebra accidentally found during a brain CT scan examination.
