RESUMO
Long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT) has been demonstrated to improve prognosis in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. In terms of pathogenesis, improved oxygenation, reduction of pulmonary artery pressure as well as reduction of respiratory work are important. Since there are considerable differences between the LTOT systems, individually tailored therapy is needed. In particular, the mobility aspects of the patients must be taken into consideration. It is important to distinguish between stationary/mobile devices with a liquid oxygen system and stationary/mobile devices with oxygen concentrator. Oxygen titration should be performed in relation to rest and activity phases (e.âg. 6 minute walk test) as well as in relation to the sleep phase. Employing devices with demand-controlled valves should be critically examined. This can be undertaken only under physician orders and requires continuous monitoring.
Assuntos
Oxigenoterapia/instrumentação , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , HumanosRESUMO
Neurological diseases are frequently associated with sleep-related breathing disorders. In contrast patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer more often from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that OSA is common among patients with stroke, arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease. In particular apnea-associated arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, recurrent hypoxemia and vascular inflammatory response should be considered as risk factors for the vascular system. Early diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders in neurological diseases are required to reduce the risk of subsequent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
