Analysis of parameter variations in L-Q equations for river runoff processes from the viewpoint of spatial and temporal conditions.

This study aims to find out variation characteristics of the parameters of 'a' and 'b' in L = a x Q(b), an empirical equation for run-off loading (L) and flow rate (Q), by evaluating the effects of flow conditions and regional properties of the watersheds on the values. We selected the Kamo River basin (155 km2) as a study field, and conducted various kinds of investigations, such as 80 day high frequency observations, continuous monitoring for more than 2 years, storm event surveys, and simultaneous surveys of 39 stations. Then, we obtained 7-170 data in each of 39 sampling stations. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) L-Q equation with a range of 'a' can express L-Q relation in most of the WQIs (water quality indices); (2) 'a' receives temporal (flow condition) effects more in SS, VSS and Al, while it receives regional effect more in inorganic carbon, TN, Ca and Fe; (3) both of flow change in storm events, and base flow levels affect the L-Q relation, and their effects can classify the WQIs into several groups; (4) the effects of regional properties were obviously observed in 'a', and quantitatively evaluated, especially for density of population.

Development of an integrated analysis procedure for three-ways layout field surveys data in lakes.

Lake water quality systems are extremely complex and every lake is characterized by many complicated interactions between biological, chemical and physical variables. One of the most important tasks of lake mechanism analysis is to examine the relations among important water quality variables and to describe such complicated relationships quantitatively, simply and practically. Lake Biwa was chosen as a target lake, where a periodic water quality investigation was conducted every month from 1979 at 50 sampling sites. The objective of this study is to establish an application procedure of three-ways layout data and to present a vision including its practical result, expecting that this vision may also provide a direction for further research. The results showed that (1) cluster analysis following the three-ways layout ANOVA method is very effective in presenting water quality variation, (2) correlation analysis of water quality indices in each effect of parameters and their interaction between two items verifies that their relationships in parameters are different due to different mechanisms. (3) An integrated analysis procedure was derived, potentially describing those data in forms which convey their important characteristics and reveal their significant relationship. The same approach of this analysis procedure could be possibly applied for other water quality indices in other lakes.