Band gap engineering and photoluminescence tuning in halide double perovskites.

Halide double perovskites (HDPs) present a convenient alternative to the unstable and toxic lead halide perovskites for various optoelectronic applications. Because of their compositional and structural tunability, many HDP phases have been synthesized in the past decades. While efficient photovoltaic applications remain largely out of reach for the HDP phases due to their wide band gaps and structures with pseudoisolated metal centers, their electronic structures favor light conversion applications. Since the field of HDP witnesses rapid growth and development, this article is aimed at providing a brief snapshot of the recent advances on all-inorganic HDPs, primarily focusing on the relationship between their compositions and optical properties, and some aspects of their applications for visible light conversion.

The Highly Durable Antibacterial Gel-like Coatings for Textiles.

Hospital-acquired infections are considered a priority for public health systems since they pose a significant burden for society. High-touch surfaces of healthcare centers, including textiles, provide a suitable environment for pathogenic bacteria to grow, necessitating incorporating effective antibacterial agents into textiles. This paper introduces a highly durable antibacterial gel-like solution, Silver Shell™ finish, which contains chitosan-bound silver chloride microparticles. The study investigates the coating's environmental impact, health risks, and durability during repeated washing. The structure of the Silver Shell™ finish was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The TEM images showed a core-shell structure, with chitosan forming a protective shell around groupings of silver microparticles. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated the uniform deposition of Silver Shell™ on the surfaces of the fabrics. AATCC Test Method 100 was employed to quantitatively analyze the antibacterial properties of the fabrics coated with silver microparticles. Two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), were used in this study. The antibacterial results showed that after 75 wash cycles, a 100% reduction for both S. aureus and E. coli in the coated samples using crosslinking agents was observed. The coated samples without a crosslinking agent exhibited 99.88% and 99.81% reductions for S. aureus and E. coli after 50 washing cycles. To compare the antibacterial properties toward non-pathogenic and pathogenic strains of the same species, MG1655 model E. coli strain (ATCC 29213) and a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate were used. The results showed the antibacterial efficiency of the Silver ShellTM solution (up to 99.99% reduction) coated on cotton fabric. AATCC-147 was performed to investigate the coated samples' leaching properties and the crosslinking agent's effects against S. aureus and E. coli. All coated samples demonstrated remarkable antibacterial efficacy, even after 75 wash cycles. The crosslinking agent facilitated durable attachment between the silver microparticles and cotton substrate, minimizing the release of particles from the fabrics. Color measurements were conducted to assess the color differences resulting from the coating process. The results indicated fixation values of 44%, 32%, and 28% following 25, 50, and 75 washing cycles, respectively.

A Stable Aluminum Tris(dithiolene) Triradical.

A stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical (3) was experimentally realized through a low-temperature reaction of the sterically demanding lithium dithiolene radical (2) with aluminum iodide. Compound 3 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and theoretical computations. The quartet ground state of triradical 3 has been unambiguously confirmed by variable-temperature continuous wave EPR experiments and SQUID magnetometry. Both SQUID magnetometry and broken-symmetry DFT computations reveal a small doublet-quartet energy gap [ΔEDQ = 0.18 kcal mol-1 (SQUID); ΔEDQ = 0.14 kcal mol-1 (DFT)]. The pulsed EPR experiment (electron spin echo envelop modulation) provides further evidence for the interaction of these dithiolene-based radicals with the central aluminum nucleus of 3.

The Highly Durable Antibacterial Gel-like Coatings for Textiles.

Hospital-acquired infections are considered a priority for public health systems, which poses a significant burden for society. High-touch surfaces of healthcare centers, including textiles, provide a suitable environment for pathogenic bacteria to grow, necessitating incorporating effective antibacterial agents into textiles. This paper introduces a highly durable antibacterial gel-like solution, Silver Shell finish, which contains chitosan-bound silver chloride microparticles. The study investigates the coating's environmental impact, health risks, and durability during repeated washing. The structure of the Silver Shell finish was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). TEM images showed a core-shell structure, with chitosan forming a protective shell around groupings of silver micro-particles. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated the uniform deposition of Silver Shell on the surface of fabrics. AATCC Test Method 100 was employed to quantitatively analyze the antibacterial properties of fabrics coated with silver microparticles. Two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used in this study. The antibacterial results showed that after 75 wash cycles, a 100% reduction for both S. aureus and E. coli in the coated samples using crosslinking agents was observed. The coated samples without a crosslinking agent exhibited a 99.88% and 99.81% reduction for S. aureus and E. coli after 50 washing cycles. AATCC-147 was performed to investigate the coated samples' leaching properties and the crosslinking agent's effect against S. aureus and E. coli. All coated samples demonstrated remarkable antibacterial efficacy even after 75 wash cycles.

Structural Evolution and Photoluminescence Quenching across the FASnI3-xBrx (x = 0-3) Perovskites.

One of the primary methods for band gap tuning in metal halide perovskites has been halide (I/Br) mixing. Despite widespread usage of this type of chemical substitution in perovskite photovoltaics, there is still little understanding of the structural impacts of halide alloying, with the assumption being the formation of ideal solid solutions. The FASnI3-xBrx (x = 0-3) family of compounds provides the first example where the assumption breaks down, as the composition space is broken into two unique regimes (x = 0-2.9; x = 2.9-3) based on their average structure with the former having a 3D and the latter having an extended 3D (pseudo 0D) structure. Pair distribution function (PDF) analyses further suggest a dynamic 5s2 lone pair expression resulting in increasing levels of off-centering of the central Sn as the Br concentration is increased. These antiferroelectric distortions indicate that even the x = 0-2.9 phase space behaves as a nonideal solid-solution on a more local scale. Solid-state NMR confirms the difference in local structure yielding greater insight into the chemical nature and local distributions of the FA+ cation. In contrast to the FAPbI3-xBrx series, a drastic photoluminescence (PL) quenching is observed with x ≥ 1.9 compounds having no observable PL. Our detailed studies attribute this quenching to structural transitions induced by the distortions of the [SnBr6] octahedra in response to stereochemically expressed lone pairs of electrons. This is confirmed through density functional theory, having a direct impact on the electronic structure.

Extreme γ-Ray Radiation Tolerance of Spectrometer-Grade CsPbBr3 Perovskite Detectors.

The perovskite compound CsPbBr3 has recently been discovered as a promising room-temperature semiconductor radiation detector, offering an inexpensive and easy-to-manufacture alternative to the current benchmark material Cd1-x Znx Te (CZT). The performance of CsPbBr3 sensors is evaluated under harsh conditions, such as high radiation doses often found in industrial settings and extreme radiation in space. Results show minimal degradation in detector performance after exposure to 1 Mrad of Co-60 gamma radiation, with no significant change to energy resolution or hole mobility and lifetime. Additionally, many of the devices are still functional after being exposed to a 10 Mrad dose over 3 days, and those that do not survive can still be refabricated into working detectors. These results suggest that the failure mode in these devices is likely related to the interface between the electrode and material and their reaction, or the electrode itself and not the material itself. Overall, the study suggests that CsPbBr3 has high potential as a reliable and efficient radiation detector in various applications, including those involving extreme fluxes and energies of gamma-ray radiation.

Laser Scribing for Electrode Patterning of Perovskite Spectrometer-Grade CsPbBr3 Gamma-ray Detectors.

Making semiconductor radiation detectors that work at room temperature relies heavily on the deposition and pixelation of electrodes. Electrode patterning of perovskite solar cells widely implements laser scribing techniques, which is a convenient, scalable, and inexpensive technique. However, this method has not found its application in radiation detector patterning yet, and the question whether laser scribing can achieve high-quality patterns with minimum damage to a detector crystal and low interpixel cross-talk remains largely unanswered. To prove that laser scribing is a practical method for electrode patterning on perovskite CsPbBr3 detectors, we use the material to create a variety of patterns. A very low lateral leakage current (60 nA at 10 V) and high mobility-lifetime product (9.7(3) × 10-4 cm2/V) were observed between the pixel and the guard ring in tests of single-pixel devices with a separation of 200 or 100 µm between the central electrode and the guard ring. The 122 and 136 keV photopeaks in 57Co gamma-ray spectra were very well resolved with an energy resolution of up to 6.1% at 122 keV. A further reduction in gap size to 50 µm is conceivable, but more process optimization is needed.

Ultrahigh-Flux X-ray Detection by a Solution-Grown Perovskite CsPbBr3 Single-Crystal Semiconductor Detector.

Solution-processed perovskites are promising for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection, but there are limited reports on their performance under extremely intense X-rays. Here, a solution-grown all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 single-crystal semiconductor detector capable of operating at ultrahigh X-ray flux of 1010 photons s-1 mm-2 is reported. High-quality solution-grown CsPbBr3 single crystals are fabricated into detectors with a Schottky diode structure of eutectic gallium indium/CsPbBr3 /Au. A high reverse-bias voltage of 1000 V (435 V mm- 1 ) can be applied with a small and stable dark current of ≈60-70 nA (≈9-10 nA mm- 2 ), which enables a high sensitivity larger than 10 000 µC Gyair -1 cm- 2 and a simultaneous low detection limit of 22 nGyair s- 1 . The CsPbBr3 semiconductor detector shows an excellent photocurrent linearity and reproducibility under 58.61 keV synchrotron X-rays with flux from 106 to 1010 photons s- 1 mm- 2 . Defect characterization by thermally stimulated current spectroscopy shows a similar low defect density of a synchrotron X-ray and a lab X-ray irradiated device. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that the excellent performance of the solution-grown CsPbBr3 single crystal may be associated with its good short-range order, comparable to the spectrometer-grade melt-grown CsPbBr3 .

Transuranium Sulfide via the Boron Chalcogen Mixture Method and Reversible Water Uptake in the NaCuTS3 Family.

The behavior of 5f electrons in soft ligand environments makes actinides, and especially transuranium chalcogenides, an intriguing class of materials for fundamental studies. Due to the affinity of actinides for oxygen, however, it is a challenge to synthesize actinide chalcogenides using non-metallic reagents. Using the boron chalcogen mixture method, we achieved the synthesis of the transuranium sulfide NaCuNpS3 starting from the oxide reagent, NpO2. Via the same synthetic route, the isostructural composition of NaCuUS3 was synthesized and the material contrasted with NaCuNpS3. Single crystals of the U-analogue, NaCuUS3, were found to undergo an unexpected reversible hydration process to form NaCuUS3·xH2O (x ≈ 1.5). A large combination of techniques was used to fully characterize the structure, hydration process, and electronic structures, specifically a combination of single crystal, powder, high temperature powder X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, infrared, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, and density functional theory calculations. The outcome of these analyses enabled us to determine the composition of NaCuUS3·xH2O and obtain a structural model that demonstrated the retention of the local structure within the [CuUS3]- layers throughout the hydration-dehydration process. Band structure, density of states, and Bader charge calculations for NaCuUS3, NaCuUS3·xH2O, and NaCuNpS3 along with X-ray absorption near edge structure, UV-vis-NIR, and work function measurements on ACuUS3 (A = Na, K, and Rb) and NaCuUS3·xH2O samples were carried out to demonstrate that electronic properties arise from the [CuTS3]- layers and show surprisingly little dependence on the interlayer distance.

Phosphorescence in Mn4+-Doped R+/R2+ Germanates (R+ = Na+ or K+, R2+ = Sr2+).

Single crystals of three new compounds, Na0.36Sr0.82Ge4O9 (1, proposed composition), Na2SrGe6O14 (2), and K2SrGe8O18 (3), were obtained and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their structures contain three-dimensional (3D) anionic frameworks built from GeO4 and GeO6 polyhedra. The presence of octahedral Ge4+ sites makes the new phases suitable for Mn4+ substitution to obtain red-emitting phosphors with a potential application for light conversion. Photoluminescence properties of Mn4+-substituted Na2SrGe6O14 (2) and K2SrGe8O18 (3) samples were studied over a range of temperatures, and red light photoluminescence associated with the electronic transitions of tetravalent manganese was observed. The Na2SrGe6O14 (2) phase was also substituted with Pr3+ on the mixed Na-Sr site similar to the previously studied Na2CaGe6O14:Pr3+. The red emission peak of the Pr3+ activator occurs at a shorter wavelength (610 nm) compared to that of Mn4+ (662-663 nm). Additionally, second harmonic generation (SHG) data were collected for the noncentrosymmetric Na2SrGe6O14 (2) phase, indicating weak SHG activity. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and density of states calculations were performed to estimate the band gap values for pristine Na2SrGe6O14 (2) and K2SrGe8O18 (3) phases.

Perovskite CsPbBr3 Single Crystal Detector for High Flux X-Ray Photon Counting.

X-ray photon-counting detectors capable of resolving the energies of single X-ray photons are critical in medical imaging, and a high count rate is essential for photon-counting detectors. Here, we report the performance of the perovskite CsPbBr3 single-crystal semiconductor detector for X-ray photon counting. The CsPbBr3 detector noise floor, energy response linearity, energy resolution, count rate, and polarization were evaluated. By fine-tuning the detector working conditions, our CsPbBr3 detector with a planar electrode can count an incident X-ray photon rate of ~0.099 and ~0.336 Mcps/pixel at 10% and 30% deadtime loss, respectively, with corresponding energy resolutions of ~18% at 59.5 keV and ~12% at 122 keV at same pulse processing conditions. We also demonstrated that our CsPbBr3 detectors show negligible polarization under an X-ray flux of ~0.45 M photons/s/mm2 for the typical timescale of multiple clinical X-ray scans, such as 1 s- 100 s. Our evaluation demonstrates the high potential of CsPbBr3 detectors for X-ray photon-counting applications in medical and industrial diagnostics with a lower cost than the current state-of-the-art.

Thick-Layer Lead Iodide Perovskites with Bifunctional Organic Spacers Allylammonium and Iodopropylammonium Exhibiting Trap-State Emission.

The nature of the organic cation in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid lead iodide perovskites tailors the structural and technological features of the resultant material. Herein, we present three new homologous series of (100) lead iodide perovskites with the organic cations allylammonium (AA) containing an unsaturated C═C group and iodopropylammonium (IdPA) containing iodine on the organic chain: (AA)2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 3-4), [(AA)x(IdPA)1-x]2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1-4), and (IdPA)2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1-4), as well as their perovskite-related substructures. We report the in situ transformation of AA organic layers into IdPA and the incorporation of these cations simultaneously into the 2D perovskite structure. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that (AA)2MA2Pb3I10 crystallizes in the space group P21/c with a unique inorganic layer offset (0, <1/2), comprising the first example of n = 3 halide perovskite with a monoammonium cation that deviates from the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide structure type. (IdPA)2MA2Pb3I10 and the alloyed [(AA)x(IdPA)1-x]2MA2Pb3I10 crystallize in the RP structure, both in space group P21/c. The adjacent I···I interlayer distance in (AA)2MA2Pb3I10 is ∼5.6 Å, drawing the [Pb3I10]4- layers closer together among all reported n = 3 RP lead iodides. (AA)2MA2Pb3I10 presents band-edge absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission at around 2.0 eV that is slightly red-shifted in comparison to (IdPA)2MA2Pb3I10. The band structure calculations suggest that both (AA)2MA2Pb3I10 and (IdPA)2MA2Pb3I10 have in-plane effective masses around 0.04m0 and 0.08m0, respectively. IdPA cations have a greater dielectric contribution than AA. The excited-state dynamics investigated by transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveal a long-lived (∼100 ps) trap state ensemble with broad-band emission; our evidence suggests that these states appear due to lattice distortions induced by the incorporation of IdPA cations.

Investigation of Metastable Low Dimensional Halometallates.

The solvothermal synthesis, structure determination and optical characterization of five new metastable halometallate compounds, [1,10-phenH][Pb3.5I8] (1), [1,10-phenH2][Pb5I12]·(H2O) (2), [1,10-phen][Pb2I4] (3), [1,10-phen]2[Pb5Br10] (4) and [1,10-phenH][SbI4]·(H2O) (5), are reported. The materials exhibit rich structural diversity and exhibit structural dimensionalities that include 1D chains, 2D sheets and 3D frameworks. The optical spectra of these materials are consistent with bandgaps ranging from 2.70 to 3.44 eV. We show that the optical behavior depends on the structural dimensionality of the reported materials, which are potential candidates for semiconductor applications.

Interstitial Nature of Mn2+ Doping in 2D Perovskites.

Halide perovskites doped with magnetic impurities (such as the transition metals Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) are being explored for a wide range of applications beyond photovoltaics, such as spintronic devices, stable light-emitting diodes, single-photon emitters, and magneto-optical devices. However, despite several recent studies, there is no consensus on whether the doped magnetic ions will predominantly replace the octahedral B-site metal via substitution or reside at interstitial defect sites. Here, by performing correlated nanoscale X-ray microscopy, spatially and temporally resolved photoluminescence measurements, and magnetic force microscopy on the inorganic 2D perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2, we show that doping Mn2+ into the structure results in a lattice expansion. The observed lattice expansion contrasts with the predicted contraction expected to arise from the B-site metal substitution, thus implying that Mn2+ does not replace the Pb2+ sites. Photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirm the presence of Mn2+ in the lattice, while correlated nano-XRD and X-ray fluorescence track the local strain and chemical composition. Density functional theory calculations predict that Mn2+ atoms reside at the interstitial sites between two octahedra in the triangle formed by one Cl- and two I- atoms, which results in a locally expanded structure. These measurements show the fate of the transition metal dopants, the local structure, and optical emission when they are doped at dilute concentrations into a wide band gap semiconductor.

A Geometrically Frustrated Family of MIIMIIIF5(H2O)2 Mixed-Metal Fluorides with Complex Magnetic Interactions.

Inverse weberites are of interest as geometrically frustrated magnetic materials due to their unique cation arrangement. We have synthesized nine isostructural materials that adopt the inverse weberite crystal structure, which consists of cross-linked kagome layers. These materials, having the general formula MIIMIIIF5(H2O)2 (MII = Co, Mn, Ni, Zn; MIII = Ga, Cr, Fe, V), were synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions, which yielded phase-pure samples after optimization of the reaction conditions. Their crystal structures and optical, thermal, and magnetic behavior were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and measurement of the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization data, respectively. Three distinct types of magnetism were observed, including simple paramagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and canted antiferromagnetism; the last type is accompanied by a high frustration index fin the range 4.16-8.09. We demonstrated that the magnetic behavior of inverse weberites depends on the presence or absence of unpaired-electron-containing cations on the two distinct crystallographic sites, which can be employed for the prediction of the magnetic properties of other compounds in this rich and diverse family.

Chloride Reduction of Mn3+ in Mild Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Charge Ordered Defect Pyrochlore, CsMn2+Mn3+F6, a Canted Antiferromagnet with a Hard Ferromagnetic Component.

Geometrically frustrated systems play an important role in studying new physical phenomena and unconventional thermodynamics. Charge ordered defect pyrochlores AM2+M3+F6 offer a convenient platform for probing the interplay between electron distribution over M2+ and M3+ sites and structural distortions; however, they are limited to compounds with M2+/3+ = V, Fe, Ni, and Cu due to difficulties in the simultaneous stabilization of other 3d elements in the +2 and +3 oxidation states. Herein, we employ Cl- anions under hydrothermal conditions for the mild reduction of Mn2O3 in concentrated HF to obtain the CsMn2+Mn3+F6 composition as a phase pure sample and study its properties. The magnetism of CsMn2F6 was characterized by measuring the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization data, and a magnetic transition to a canted antiferromagnet state was found at 24.1 K. We determined the magnetic structure of CsMn2F6 using powder neutron diffraction, which revealed successive long-range ordering of the Mn2+ and Mn3+ sites that is accompanied by a second transition. The role and strength of magnetic exchange interactions were characterized using DFT calculations.

A series of Rb4Ln2(P2S6)(PS4)2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) rare earth thiophosphates with two distinct thiophosphate units [PVS4]3- and [PIV2S6]4.

A series of rubidium rare earth thiophosphates with the formula Rb4Ln2(P2S6)(PS4)2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) were synthesized using the high temperature molten flux crystal growth method utilizing a RbBr flux. Single crystals of all title compounds, as well as phase pure powders of the La-, Ce-, and Sm-containing compositions, were obtained. Single crystals of the title compounds were characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction for structure and phase identification. Rb4Ln2(P2S6)(PS4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system adopting the P21/n space group for the large rare earths (Ln = La, Ce, Pr) and the C2/c space group for the smaller rare earths (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd). This Rb4Ln2(P2S6)(PS4)2 series is a rare example of thiophosphates containing both tetrahedral [PVS4]3- and dimeric [PIV2S6]4- thiophosphate units that, in this structural family, link corrugated rare earth sulfide chains into sheets. The band gaps of the materials were determined from UV-Vis data and the fluorescence spectrum of Rb4Ce2(P2S6)(PS4)2 was collected. Optical band gaps were estimated to be 2.9 and 2.4 for the Nd and Sm analogues, respectively.

Covalency in Actinide Compounds.

Covalency in actinides has emerged as a resounding research topic on account of the technological importance in separating minor actinides from lanthanides for spent nuclear fuel processing, and utilization of their distinct bonding properties has been realized as a route towards overcoming this challenge. Because of the limited radial extent of the 4f orbitals, there is almost no 4f electron participation in bonding in lanthanides; this is not the case for the actinides, which have extended 5f orbitals that are capable of overlapping with ligand orbitals, although not to the degree of overlap as in the d orbitals of transition metals. In this concept paper, a general description of covalency in actinide compounds is provided. After introducing two main approaches to enhance covalency, either by exploiting increased orbital overlap or decreasing energy differences between the orbitals causing orbital energy degeneracy, the current state of the field is illustrated by using several examples from the recent literature. This paper is concluded by proposing the use of actinide chalcogenides as a convenient auxiliary tool to study covalency in actinide compounds.

Facile Oxide to Chalcogenide Conversion for Actinides Using the Boron-Chalcogen Mixture Method.

Actinide chalcogenides are of interest for fundamental studies of the behavior of 5f electrons in actinides located in a soft ligand coordination environment. As actinides exhibit an extremely high affinity for oxygen, the synthesis of phase-pure actinide chalcogenide materials free of oxide impurities is a great challenge and, moreover, requires the availability and use of oxygen-free starting materials. Herein, we report a new method, the boron-chalcogen mixture (BCM) method, for the synthesis of phase-pure uranium chalcogenides based on the use of a boron-chalcogen mixture, where boron functions as an "oxygen sponge" to remove oxygen from an oxide precursor and where the elemental chalcogen effects transformation of the oxide precursor into an oxygen-free chalcogenide reagent. The boron oxide can be separated from the reaction mixture that is left to react to form the desired chalcogenide product. Several syntheses are presented that demonstrate the broad functionality of the technique, and thermodynamic calculations that show the underlying driving force are discussed. Specifically, three classes of chalcogenides that include both new (rare earth uranium sulfides and alkali-thorium thiophosphates) and previously reported compounds were prepared to validate the approach: binary uranium and thorium sulfides, oxide to sulfide transformation in solid-state reactions, and in situ generation of actinide chalcogenides in flux crystal growth reactions.

Targeting complex plutonium oxides by combining crystal chemical reasoning with density-functional theory calculations: the quaternary plutonium oxide Cs2PuSi6O15.

The stability of the novel Pu(iv) silicate, Cs2PuSi6O15, was predicted from a combination of crystal chemical reasoning and DFT calculations and confirmed by its synthesis via flux crystal growth. Formation enthalpies of the A2MSi6O15 (A = Na-Cs; M = Ce, Th, U-Pu) compositional family were calculated and indicated the Cs-containing phases should preferentially form in the Cmc21 structure type, consistent with previous experimental findings and the novel phases produced in this work, Cs2PuSi6O15 and Cs2CeSi6O15. The formation enthalpies of a second set of compositions, A2MSi3O9, were also calculated and a comparison between the two compositional families correctly predicted A2MSi6O15 to be on average more stable than A2MSi3O9.