RESUMO
The rational installation of pharmacophores targeting HSP90 and LSD1 axes has achieved significant anti-cancer capacity in prostate and colorectal cancer. Among the series of hybrids, inhibitor 6 exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity against prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145, with GI50 values of 0.24 and 0.30 µM, respectively. It demonstrated notable efficacy in combinatorial attack and cell death initiation towards apoptosis. The cell death process was mediated by PARP induction and γH2AX signaling, and was also characterized as caspase-dependent and Bcl-xL/Bax-independent. Notably, no difference in eye size or morphology was observed in the zebrafish treated with compound 6 compared to the reference group (AUY922). The profound treatment response in docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells highlighted the dual inhibitory ability in improving docetaxel sensitivity. Additionally, at a minimum concentration of 1.25 µM, compound 6 effectively inhibited the growth of patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids for up to 10 days in vitro. Together, the designed HSP90/LSD1 inhibitors present a novel route and significant clinical value for anti-cancer drug therapy.
RESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we present a mechanistic breakthrough by designing and evaluating a series of abiraterone-installed hydroxamic acids as potential dual inhibitors of CYP17A1 and HDAC6 for GBM treatment. We established the correlation of CYP17A1/HDAC6 overexpression with tumor recurrence and temozolomide resistance in GBM patients. Compound 12, a dual inhibitor, demonstrated significant anti-GBM activity in vitro, particularly against TMZ-resistant cell lines. Mechanistically, compound 12 induced apoptosis, suppressed recurrence-associated genes, induced oxidative stress and initiated DNA damage response. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies confirmed its potent inhibitory activity against CYP17A1 and HDAC6. In vivo studies revealed that compound 12 effectively suppressed tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models without inducing significant adverse effects. These findings highlight the potential of dual CYP17A1 and HDAC6 inhibition as a promising strategy for overcoming treatment resistance in GBM and offer new hope for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Assuntos
Androstenos , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/patologia , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/genética , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Structural analysis of tazemetostat, an FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitor, led us to pinpoint a suitable site for appendage with a pharmacophoric fragment of second-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Resultantly, a magnificent dual EZH2/HSP90 inhibitor was pinpointed that exerted striking cell growth inhibitory efficacy against TMZ-resistant Glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Exhaustive explorations of chemical probe 7 led to several revelations such as (i) compound 7 increased apoptosis/necrosis-related gene expression, whereas decreased M phase/kinetochore/spindle-related gene expression as well as CENPs protein expression in Pt3R cells; (ii) dual inhibitor 7 induced cell cycle arrest at the M phase; (iii) compound 7 suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) catabolism pathway, causing the death of TMZ-resistant GBM cells; and (iv) compound 7 elicited substantial in vivo anti-GBM efficacy in experimental mice xenografted with TMZ-resistant Pt3R cells. Collectively, the study results confirm the potential of dual EZH2-HSP90 inhibitor 7 as a tractable anti-GBM agent.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Animais , Camundongos , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Apoptose , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and a leading cause of cancer worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), which regulate cell proliferation and survival, are associated with the development and progression of cancer. Moreover, HDAC inhibitors are promising therapeutic targets, with five HDAC inhibitors approved for cancer treatment to date. However, their safety profile necessitates the exploration of well-tolerated HDAC inhibitors that can be used in cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, the pan-HDAC inhibitor MPT0G236 reduced the viability and inhibited the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells, and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed reduced sensitivity. These findings indicated that MPT0G236 specifically targeted malignant tumor cells. Notably, MPT0G236 significantly inhibited the activities of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, Class I HDACs, as well as HDAC6, a Class IIb HDAC, at low nanomolar concentrations. Additionally, it promoted the accumulation of acetyl-α-tubulin and acetyl-histone H3 in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MPT0G236 treatment induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in CRC cells by initially regulating the levels of cell-cycle-related proteins, such as p-MPM2; specifically reducing p-cdc2 (Y15), cyclin B1, and cdc25C levels; and subsequently inducing apoptosis through the caspase-dependent pathways and PARP activation. Our findings demonstrate that MPT0G236 exhibits significant anticancer activity in human colorectal cancer cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Histona Desacetilases , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Precise and accurate control of cell cycle progression is required to maintain cell identity and proliferation. Failing to keep it will lead to genome instability and tumorigenesis. Cell Division Cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases are the key to regulating the activity of the master cell cycle controller, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Dysregulation of CDC25 has been shown to associate with several human malignancies. Here, we reported a series of derivatives of the CDC25 inhibitor, NSC663284, bearing quinones as core scaffolds and morpholin alkylamino side chains. Among these derivatives, the cytotoxic activity of the 6-isomer of 5,8-quinolinedione derivatives (6b, 16b, 17b, and 18b) displayed higher potency against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Compound 6b possessed the most antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values of 0.59 µM (DLD1) and 0.44 µM (HCT116). The treatment of compound 6b resulted in a remarkable effect on cell cycle progression, blocking S-phase progression in DLD1 cells straight away while slowing S-phase progression and accumulated cells in the G2/M phase in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, we showed that compound 6b inhibited CDK1 dephosphorylation and H4K20 methylation in cells. The treatment with compound 6b induced DNA damage and triggered apoptosis. Our study identifies compound 6b as a potent CDC25 inhibitor that induces genome instability and kills cancer cells through an apoptotic pathway, deserving further investigation to fulfill its candidacy as an anti-CRC agent.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Fosfatases cdc25 , Humanos , Divisão Celular , Ciclo Celular , Instabilidade Genômica , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors have been shown to decrease the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and other cancers. In this study, a series of MAO A/HSP90 dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized in the hope to develop more effective treatment of GBM. Compounds 4-b and 4-c are conjugates of isopropylresorcinol (pharmacophore of HSP90 inhibitor) with the phenyl group of clorgyline (MAO A inhibitor) by a tertiary amide bond substituted with methyl (4-b) or ethyl (4-c) group, respectively. They inhibited MAO A activity, HSP90 binding, and the growth of both TMZ-sensitive and -resistant GBM cells. Western blots showed that they increased HSP70 expression indicating reduced function of HSP90, reduced HER2 and phospho-Akt expression similar to MAO A or HSP90 inhibitor itself. Both compounds decreased IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in GL26 cells, suggesting they can act as immune checkpoint inhibitor. Further, they reduced tumor growth in GL26 mouse model. NCI-60 analysis showed they also inhibited the growth of colon cancer, leukemia, non-small cell lung and other cancers. Taken together, this study demonstrates MAO A/HSP90 dual inhibitors 4-b and 4-c reduced the growth of GBM and other cancers, and they have potential to inhibit tumor immune escape.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Glioblastoma , Camundongos , Animais , Monoaminoxidase/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Monoaminoxidase/farmacologia , Clorgilina/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70 , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90RESUMO
The pursuit of activating the HDAC inhibitory template towards additional mechanisms spurred us to design dual modulators (Sig-1R agonist - HDAC inhibitor) via utilization of the core structural unit of donepezil (an FDA-approved anti-Alzheimer's agent) as a surface recognition part. Literature precedents coupled with our experience rendered us with several insights that led to the inclusion of chemically diverse linkers and hydroxamic acid (zinc-binding motif) as the other components of HDAC inhibitory pharmacophore. With this envisionment and clarity, donepezil-based HDAC inhibitory adducts were furnished and exhaustively explored for their anti-GBM efficacy. Resultantly, a magnificently potent HDAC inhibitor 10 [IC50 (HDAC6) = 2.7 nM, IC50 (HDAC2) = 0.71 µM] was pinpointed that was endowed with the ability to: i) exert cell growth inhibitory effects against Human U87MG GBM cells ii) cause death in TMZ-resistant GBM cells iii) induce subG1 arrest in GBM cells iv) prolong the survival of TMZ-resistant U87MG inoculated orthotopic mice (in-vivo studies) v) induce GBM cell apoptosis via binding to Sig-1R. Collectively, the results led to the identification of compound 10 as a tractable anti-GBM agent that deserves detailed investigation for the accomplishment of its candidature as a GBM therapeutic.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Donepezila/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occurs due to an abnormality of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells that leads to gradual degeneration of the macula. Currently, AMD drug pipelines are endowed with limited options, and anti-VEGF agents stand as the dominantly employed therapy. Despite the proven efficacy of such agents, the evidenced side effects associated with their use underscore the need to elucidate other mechanisms involved and identify additional molecular targets for the sake of therapy improvement. The previous literature provided us with a solid rationale to preliminarily explore the potential of selective HDAC6 and HSP90 inhibitors to treat wet AMD. Rather than furnishing single-target agents (either HDAC6 or HSP90 inhibitor), this study recruited scaffolds endowed with the ability to concomitantly modulate both targets (HDAC6 and HSP90) for exploration. This plan was anticipated to accomplish the important goal of extracting amplified benefits via dual inhibition (HDAC6/HSP90) in wet AMD. As a result, G570 (indoline-based hydroxamate), a dual selective HDAC6-HSP90 inhibitor exerting its effects at micromolar concentrations, was pinpointed in the present endeavor to attenuate blue light-induced cell migration and retinal neovascularization by inhibiting VEGF production. In addition to the identification of a potential chemical tool (G570), the outcome of this study validates the candidate HDAC6-HSP90 as a compelling target for the development of futuristic therapeutics for wet AMD.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Luz , Neovascularização Retiniana/metabolismo , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Animais , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos da radiação , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Neovascularização Retiniana/induzido quimicamente , Neovascularização Retiniana/patologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/irrigação sanguínea , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologiaRESUMO
A series of ring-opened dihydroxybenzamides have been designed and synthesized as heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. One of derivatives, compound 6b ((N-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl)benzamide)) demonstrated remarkable antiproliferative activity against in human KRAS mutant A549 and EGFR T790 M mutant H1975 lung cancer cell lines with GI50 values of 0.07 and 0.05 µM, respectively. It is also active against in other cancer cell lines, such as colorectal HCT116 (GI50 = 0.09 µM), liver Hep3B (GI50 = 0.20 µM) and breast MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 0.09 µM), and shows no evidence of toxicity in normal cell line. Compound 6b has an IC50 of 110.18 nM in HSP90α inhibitory activity, slightly better than reference compound 1 (17-AAG, IC50 = 141.62 nM) and achieves the degradation of multiple HSP90 client proteins in a dose- and time-dependent manner and downstream signaling of Akt in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the human A549 lung cancer cell line. In the Boyden chamber assay, compound 6b can efficiently inhibit the migration of A549 cells when compared to the reference compound 1. It also induce significant activity through the apoptotic pathway. Treatment with 6b showed no vision toxicity (IC50 > 10 µM) on 661w photoreceptor cells as compared to AUY922 (3a) with a 0.04 µM values of IC50 and has no effect in hERG test. In a bidirectional Caco-2 permeability assay, compound 6b was classified as a highly permeable compound which is not a substrate of efflux transporters. In a pharmacokinetic study in rats, 6b showed an F = 17.8% of oral bioavailability. The effect of metabolic stability of compound 6b in human hepatocytes showed a T1/2 of 67.59 min. Compound 6b (50 mg/kg, po, daily) exhibits antitumor activity with a 72% TGD (tumor growth delay) in human A549 lung xenograft. The combination of 6b and afatinib, orally administered, showed tumor growth suppression with 67.5% of TGI in lung H1975 xenograft model. Thus compound 6b is a lead compound for further development of potential agents to treat lung cancer.
Assuntos
Benzamidas/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Resorcinóis/química , Afatinib/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Benzamidas/metabolismo , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Benzamidas/uso terapêutico , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenho de Fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Ratos , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
Hurdled and marred by the notorious nature of glioblastomas (GBM) in terms of resistance to therapy and limited drug delivery into the brain, the anti-GBM drug pipeline is required to be loaded with mechanistically diverse agents. The consideration of HDAC inhibition as a prudent approach to circumvent the resistance issue in GBM spurred us to pragmatically design and synthesizes hydroxamic acids endowed with CNS penetrating ability. By virtue of the blood brain barrier permeability (BBB), memantine was envisioned as an appropriate CAP component for the construction of the HDAC inhibitors. Diverse linkers were stapled for the tetheration of the zinc binding motif with the CAP group to pinpoint an appropriate combination (CAP and linker) that could confer inhibitory preference to HDAC6 isoform (overexpressed in GBM). Resultantly, hydroxamic acid 16 was identified as a promising compound that elicited striking antiproliferative effects against Human U87MG GBM cells as well as TMZ-resistant GBM cells and P1S cells, a concurrent chemo radiotherapy (CCRT)-resistant/patient-derived glioma cell line mediated through preferential HDAC6 inhibition (IC50 = 5.42 nM). Furthermore, 16 exerted cell cycle arrest at G2 phase, induced apoptosis in GBM cells at high concentration and exhibited high BBB permeability. To add on, in-vivo study revealed that the administration of compound 16 prolonged the survival of TMZ-resistant U87MG inoculated orthotopic mice. Overall, the cumulative results indicate that 16 is a tractable CNS penetrant preferential HDAC6 inhibitor that might emerge as a potent weapon against GBM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Desenho de Fármacos , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Memantina/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Masculino , Memantina/síntese química , Memantina/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The study focuses on the prudent design and synthesis of anilide type class I HDAC inhibitors employing a functionalized pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton as the surface recognition part. Utilization of the bicyclic aromatic ring to fabricate the target compounds was envisioned to confer rigidity to the chemical architecture of MS-275 and chidamide. In-vitro enzymatic and cellular assays led to the identification of compound 7 as a potent inhibitor of HDAC1 and 2 isoform that exerted substantial cell growth inhibitory effects against human breast MDA-MB-231, cervical HeLa, breast MDA-MB-468, colorectal DLD1, and colorectal HCT116 cell lines with an IC50 values of 0.05-0.47 µM, better than MS-275 and chidamide. In addition, the anilide 7 was also endowed with a superior antiproliferative profile than MS275 and chidamide towards the human cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HH and HuT78), leukemia (HL60 and KG-1), and HDACi sensitive/resistant gastric cell lines (YCC11 and YCC3/7). Exhaustive exploration of the construct 7 confirmed it to be a microtubule-targeting agent that could trigger the cell-cycle arrest in mitosis. In pursuit of extracting the benefits of evidenced microtubule-destabilizing activity of the anilide 7, it was further evaluated against non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines as well as the multiple-drug resistant uterine cancer cell line (MES-SA/Dx5) and overwhelmingly positive results in context of inhibitory effects were attained. Furthermore, molecular modelling studies were performed and some key interactions of the anilide 7 with the amino acid residues of the active site of HDAC1 isoform and tubulin were figured out.
Assuntos
Anilidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Aminopiridinas/química , Anilidas/síntese química , Anilidas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzamidas/química , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Histona Desacetilase 1/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Piridinas/química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntese química , Moduladores de Tubulina/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of 3-subsituted quinolinehydroxamic acids has been synthesised and evaluated for their effect on human lung cancer cell line (A549), human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) and HDAC isoforms 1, 2, 6, and 8. The results indicated that substitution at C3 of quinoline is favoured for HDAC6 selectivity. Two compounds (25 and 26) were also found to be potent anti-proliferative compounds with IC50 values ranging from 1.29 to 2.13 µM against A549 and HCT116 cells. These compounds displayed remarkable selectivity for HDAC6 over other HDAC isoforms with nanomolar IC50 values. Western blot analysis revealed that compounds of this series activate apoptotic caspase pathway as indicated by cleavage of caspase 3, 8, and 9 and also increase phosphorylated H2AX thus inducing DNA double strand fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis also displayed a dose dependent increase of cell population in sub G1 phase.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/química , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A major cause of failure of therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is development of acquired drug resistance leading to tumor recurrence and disease progression. In addition to the development of new generations of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), different molecular targets may provide opportunities to improve the therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we utilized the core structure 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or tegafur, a 5-FU prodrug combined through different linkers with resorcinol to generate a series of fluoropyrimidin-2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzamides which inhibit potent Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90). These compounds were found to show significant antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 and NSCLC A549, H460, and H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790 M double mutation) cells. Compound 12c, developed by molecular docking analysis and enzymatic assays exhibits promising inhibitory activity of HSP90. This compound, 12c shows the most potent HSP90 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 27.8 ± 4.4 nM, superior to that of reference compounds AUY-922 (Luminespib) and BIIB021 whose IC50 values are 43.0 ± 0.9 nM and 56.8 ± 4.0 nM respectively. This strong HSP90 inhibitory activity of 12c leads to rapid degradation of client proteins EGFR and Akt in NSCLC cells. In addition, 12c induces significant accumulation of a sub-G1 phase population in parallel with apoptosis by showing activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 and PARP induction. These results provide a new strategy for development of novel HSP90 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Mutação , Proteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismoRESUMO
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia, but the treatment is still lacking. Although many studies have reported that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) confer protective effects against ischemic and hypoxic injuries, their role in VaD is still uncertain. Previous studies shown, one HDACi protected against cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we tested several 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine hydroxamates, which act as HDACis in the CCH model (in vivo), and SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD, in vitro). We identified a compound 13, which exhibited the best cell viability under OGD. The compound 13 could increase, in part, the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It increased acetylation status on lysine 14 residue of histone 3 (H3K14) and lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5). We further clarified which promoters (I, II, III, IV or IX) could be affected by histone acetylation altered by compound 13. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and Q-PCR analysis indicate that an increase in H3K14 acetylation leads to an increase in the expression of BDNF promoter II, while an increase in H4K5 acetylation results in an increase in the activity of BDNF promoter II and III. Afterwards, these cause an increase in the expression of BDNF exon II, III and coding exon IX. In summary, the HDACi compound 13 may increase BDNF specific isoforms expression to rescue the ischemic and hypoxic injuries through changes of acetylation on histones.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glucose/deficiência , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Lisina/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Acetilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doença Crônica , Éxons/genética , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/patologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Biológicos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/patologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study reports the design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors containing purine/purine isoster as a capping group and an N-(2-aminophenyl)-benzamide unit. In vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal that benzamide 14 suppressed the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 1.48 µM), MDA-MB-468 (IC50 = 0.65 µM), and liver cancer cells HepG2 (IC50 = 2.44 µM), better than MS-275 (5) and Chidamide (6). Compared to the well-known HDAC inhibitor SAHA, 14 showed a higher toxicity (IC50 = 0.33 µM) in three leukemic cell lines, K-562, KG-1 and THP-1. Moreover, 14 was found to be equally virulent in the HDAC-sensitive and -resistant gastric cell lines, YCC11 and YCC3/7, respectively, indicating the potential of 14 to overcome HDACi resistance. Furthermore, substantial inhibitory effects more pronounced than MS-275 (5) and Chidamide (6) were displayed by 14 towards HDAC1, 2 and 3 isoforms with IC50 values of 0.108, 0.585 and 0.563 µM respectively. Compound 14 also exhibited a potent antitumor efficacy in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft mouse model, providing a potential lead for the development of anticancer agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Purinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Benzamidas/síntese química , Benzamidas/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células Hep G2 , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Purinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTA) have enjoyed significant clinical success for decades. However, several mechanisms may cause inactivation of such drugs, leading to acquired resistance in patients treated with them. Therefore, drugs containing a stilbene-like skeleton and possessing dual inhibitory activity may provide a new and differentiated treatment for patients to overcome challenging acquired resistance. A new compound (16c) displays promising anticancer activity with GI50 of 22 ± 2 and 12 ± 0.1 nM in vincristine-resistant nasopharyngeal (KB-Vin) cancer cells and etoposide-resistant nasopharyngeal (KB-7D) cancer cells and is better than vincristine, etoposide, ABT-751, and MS-275. A mechanistic study revealed that 16c interferes with the cell cycle distribution and induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and severe mitotic spindle defects followed by apoptosis. In addition, it produces much more significant cytotoxicity than vincristine and etoposide in the corresponding resistant cells, indicating that it may be a promising candidate to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. Compound 16c also displays inhibitory activity against HDAC 1 and HDAC 2 with IC50 values of 1.07 µM, and 1.47 µM, respectively. These findings may lead to a new type of structural motif for future development of drugs that could overcome acquired resistance to MTAs.