[Clear aligner in orthodontic retreatment].

Improper diagnosis and design, misusing orthodontic technique, relapse after orthodontic treatment, and poor patient compliance may lead to treatment failure, requiring orthodontic retreatment. While in such cases, patients usually have already had their teeth extracted, or are with periodontal, joint, and other dental problems, which often require multidisciplinary treatment. The retreatment of orthodontic patients is difficult, and the treatment options are limited. The characteristics of clear aligner treatment, such as comfortable and beautiful appearance, high degree of digital precision, and personalized tooth arrangement to simulate the final outcome, make it popular in the orthodontic retreatment. This article discusses and summarizes the details of orthodontic design, case monitoring, and the application of clear aligner in orthodontic retreatment of failed cases. Before starting treatment, the difficulty assessment tool (clear aligner treatment complexity assessment tool) can be used to evaluate the difficulty of clear aligner treatment. Orthodontists are recommended to treat orthodontic patients with clear aligners within their ability to avoid treatment failure. The key to the success of the extraction case treatment with clear aligner is to make the correct diagnosis and select the right cases. In the treatment planning, attention should be paid to the restoration of anterior tooth torque, making good use of molar distalization to obtain the space, vertical control, and improving posterior tooth relationship. Proper selection of cases and reasonable design in clear aligner treatment are expected to obtain tooth alignment, good intercuspation, normal overbite and overjet, periodontal health, parallel roots, and to achieve the goal of aesthetic, functional, stable, and healthy orthodontic treatment.

Dataset on open/blind hole-hole interaction in barely visible impact damaged composite laminates.

This dataset contains the mechanical properties and structural characteristics with images of the carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates with open/blind holes. The mechanical dataset are the fracture strength, strain at fracture, strain energy density for resilience, strain energy density to fracture and stiffness of the CFRP laminates for different setups (namely 1 hole, 2 holes parallel to applied load, and 2 holes normal to applied load) from pristine and barely visible impact damage (BVID) specimens, determine from in-plane compression test. The structural-related dataset include thermographs, images of BVID specimens, drilling-induced damage BVID specimens and video clips of crack propagation during in-plane compression testing.

Dataset on mechanical properties of damaged fibre composite laminates with drilled vent-holes for resin-injection repair procedure.

This dataset comprises the mechanical properties of pristine and barely visible impact damaged (BVID) carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates. The mechanical dataset describes the compressive strength, compressive strain at fracture, strain energy density for resilience and strain energy density to fracture of the CFRP laminates with different number of vent holes (namely 4, 5 and 6) in the respective pristine and BVID states. The vent holes were created in the laminate to facilitate the resin-injection repair process. The mechanical properties were determined from in-plane compression test of the CFRP laminates. Structure-related dataset, namely infrared thermographs and ultrasonic C-scan images of BVID and other damage features induced by mechanical drilling, are included for completeness.

[Extraction cases using clear aligners].

Clear aligner treatment achieves patients' precise tooth movements through utilizing patients' digital dental models and tooth movement planning by orthodontists. Originated from the rudimentary form in 1940's, clear aligner has undergone many innovations and developments. A strict selection of extraction patients for clear aligner treatments is a prerequisite of good treatment outcomes. Orthodontists should first master the unique features of aligner biomechanics and mechanisms. For extraction patients treated with clear aligners, orthodontists should focus on anchorage control, torque control and vertical control, and strictly monitoring treatment progressions, as to achieve satisfactory treatment outcomes. With the development of dental materials and techniques, we believe that clear aligner treatment will be a mainstay of future orthodontic treatments.

The tumor suppressor, TAX1BP2, is a novel substrate of ATM kinase.

DNA damage repair response is a crucial process for cancer prevention. One of the key regulators of this process is ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, which modulates the p53 level by direct and indirect phosphorylation. Recent data showed that ATM also localizes at the centrosome, but the function remains elusive. TAX1BP2 was initially identified as a novel centrosomal protein that interacts directly with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-encoded oncoprotein, Tax, and inhibits centrosome overduplication. Subsequently, TAX1BP2 was found to be a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma, and accumulation of TAX1BP2 was observed upon chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Here, we provide evidence that TAX1BP2 is a direct phosphorylation substrate of ATM. The protein level of TAX1BP2 is significantly upregulated in response to DNA damaging agents. Serine-922 of TAX1BP2 is the phosphorylation site of ATM, and such phosphorylation modulates the protein stability, ubiquitination and tumor suppressor activity of TAX1BP2. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that TAX1BP2 is a novel effector of ATM in DNA damage response and delineated a new mechanism by which ATM stabilizes the tumor suppressor TAX1BP2.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for orthodontic pain control: a randomized trial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for patients who experienced pain during orthodontic treatment. The baseline characteristics were assessed via questionnaires and oral examinations. Four hundred and fifty eligible individuals were recruited and randomized by computer-generated block randomization into three groups: cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (n = 150), ibuprofen intervention (n = 150), and no intervention (control; n = 150). Primary outcomes were the change from baseline in pain intensity measured with 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after initial archwire placement. Outcomes assessment was blinded and followed the intention-to-treat principle. One hundred forty-three (95.30%), 145 (96.70%), and 141 (94.00%) individuals in the cognitive behavioral therapy, the ibuprofen, and the control groups, respectively, completed the one-month follow-up evaluations. Those in the cognitive behavioral therapy group showed a greater decrease in mean VAS scores than did those in the control group over the previous five time-points (p < 0.001). Cognitive behavioral therapy was shown to be effective in pain control during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. The study registration number was ChiCTR-TRC-00000556.

Survival time comparison between Hawley and clear overlay retainers: a randomized trial.

The objectives of this study were to compare the survival time of the Hawley retainer (HR) and the clear overlay retainer (COR) over one-year follow-up and to analyze risk factors contributing to their breakage. In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, we assigned 120 adolescent patients to receive either the HR or the COR. All specific data on breakage dates, the reasons for breakage, and the broken parts of the retainers were recorded. A survival analysis was used to describe retainer survival over time. No significant differences were observed in survival times between the 2 groups for either the maxillary retainer (p = 0.254) or the mandibular retainer (p = 0.188). Both retainers tended to fracture, but the fracture locations were different. The findings indicate that clinicians should avoid increasing buccal root torque and reinforce the retainer base plates. Breakage rates may not influence the choice of retainer (Trial Registration number is ChiCTR-TRC-00000055).

The influence of lagoon on neighboring rivers by water and sediment quality.

Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was applied in order to distinguish the water-quality and the sediment-quality parameters from neighboring rivers, and to recognize similarities of water and sediment properties between a lagoon and neighboring rivers. Two set of constructed discriminant functions showed a marked contribution to most of the discriminant variables. In water, the significant parameters - the total nitrogen, algae, dissolved oxygen and total phosphate - were combined as the nutrient effect factor. The recognition capacities of the two discriminant functions were 95.6 and 4.4%, respectively; the Kaoping River showed the most similarities with the water quality in Dapeng Bay; in sediment, the significant parameters porosity, Cd, Cr, Al, and Pb were combined as the heavy metal effect factor. The recognition capacities were 82.6 and 17.4%, respectively, but the sediment properties in these three rivers had no significant similarity with the Dapeng Bay.

Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes.

This paper aims to investigate the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight aggregate concretes that are prepared with the use of recycled plastic waste sourced from scraped PVC pipes to replace river sand as fine aggregates. A number of laboratory prepared concrete mixes were tested, in which river sand was partially replaced by PVC plastic waste granules in percentages of 0%, 5%, 15%, 30% and 45% by volume. Two major findings are identified. The positive side shows that the concrete prepared with a partial replacement by PVC was lighter (lower density), was more ductile (greater Poisson's ratios and reduced modulus of elasticity), and had lower drying shrinkage and higher resistance to chloride ion penetration. The negative side reveals that the workability, compressive strength and tensile splitting strength of the concretes were reduced. The results gathered would form a part of useful information for recycling PVC plastic waste in lightweight concrete mixes.