A Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacter hormaechei Strain from Mixed Sprouts.

Fresh vegetables can harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Enterobacter hormaechei is a bacterium belonging to the Enterobacterales order and the most commonly identified nosocomial pathogen of Enterobacter cloacae complex. The purpose of this study was to characterize a multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing E. hormaechei strain isolated from a sample of mixed sprouts. Vegetable samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water, followed by enrichment in Enterobacteria Enrichment Broth, and isolation on Chromagar™ ESBL plates. One isolate from a sprout sample was confirmed to produce both ESBL and AmpC ß-lactamases through the combination disk diffusion assay using antibiotic disks containing cefotaxime and ceftazidime with or without clavulanate, and with or without cloxacillin, respectively. The isolate was also resistant to multiple antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate, as determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Through whole genome sequencing, the isolate was identified as E. hormaechei 057-E1, which carried multiple antibiotic resistance (AR) genes and a sul2-aph(3″)-Ib-aph(6)-Id-blaTEM-1-ISEcp1 -blaCTX-M-15 gene cluster. Our results further demonstrate the important role of fresh vegetables in AR and highlight the need to develop strategies for AR mitigation in fresh vegetables.

Using Integrative Data Analysis to Investigate School Climate Across Multiple Informants.

Survey research frequently involves the collection of data from multiple informants. Results, however, are usually analyzed by informant group, potentially ignoring important relationships across groups. When the same construct(s) are measured, integrative data analysis (IDA) allows pooling of data from multiple sources into one data set to examine information from multiple perspectives within the same analysis. Here, the IDA procedure is demonstrated via the examination of pooled data from student and teacher school climate surveys. This study contributes to the sparse literature regarding IDA applications in the social sciences, specifically in education. It also lays the groundwork for future educational researchers interested in the practical applications of the IDA framework to empirical data sets with complex model structures.

Aging, source memory, and emotion.

In 2 experiments we assessed younger and older adults' ability to remember contextual information about an event. Each experiment examined memory for 3 different types of contextual information: (a) perceptual information (e.g., location of an item); (b) conceptual, nonemotional information (e.g., quality of an item); and (c) conceptual, emotional information (e.g., safety of an item). Consistent with a large literature on aging and source memory, younger adults outperformed older adults when the contextual information was perceptual in nature and when it was conceptual, but not emotional. Age differences in source memory were eliminated, however, when participants recalled emotional source information. These findings suggest that emotional information differentially engages older adults, possibly evoking enhanced elaborations and associations. The data are also consistent with a growing literature, suggesting that emotional processing remains stable with age (e.g., Carstensen & Turk-Charles, 1994, 1998; Isaacowitz, Charles, & Carstensen, 2000).