Post-Quantum Secure Identity-Based Signature Scheme with Lattice Assumption for Internet of Things Networks.

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an essential role in people's daily lives, such as healthcare, home, traffic, industry, and so on. With the increase in IoT devices, there emerge many security issues of data loss, privacy leakage, and information temper in IoT network applications. Even with the development of quantum computing, most current information systems are weak to quantum attacks with traditional cryptographic algorithms. This paper first establishes a general security model for these IoT network applications, which comprises the blockchain and a post-quantum secure identity-based signature (PQ-IDS) scheme. This model divides these IoT networks into three layers: perceptual, network, and application, which can protect data security and user privacy in the whole data-sharing process. The proposed PQ-IDS scheme is based on lattice cryptography. Bimodal Gaussian distribution and the discrete Gaussian sample algorithm are applied to construct the fundamental difficulty problem of lattice assumption. This assumption can help resist the quantum attack for information exchange among IoT devices. Meanwhile, the signature mechanism with IoT devices' identity can guarantee non-repudiation of information signatures. Then, the security proof shows that the proposed PQ-IDS can obtain the security properties of unforgeability, non-repudiation, and non-transferability. The efficiency comparisons and performance evaluations show that the proposed PQ-IDS has good efficiency and practice in IoT network applications.

Nonlinear and threshold effects of built environment on older adults' walking duration: do age and retirement status matter?

Introduction: Walking plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity among older adults. Understanding how the built environment influences older adults' walking behavior is vital for promoting physical activity and healthy aging. Among voluminous literature investigating the environmental correlates of walking behaviors of older adults, few have focused on walking duration across different age groups and life stages, let alone examined the potential nonlinearities and thresholds of the built environment. Methods: This study employs travel diary from Zhongshan, China and the gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) approach to disentangle the age and retirement status differences in the nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment on older adults' walking duration. Results: The results showed built environment attributes collectively contribute 57.37% for predicting older adults' walking duration, with a higher predicting power for the old-old (70+ years) or the retired. The most influencing built environment attribute for the young-old (60-70 years) is bus stop density, whereas the relative importance of population density, bus stop density, and accessibility to green space or commercial facilities is close for the old-old. The retired tend to walk longer in denser-populated neighborhoods with better bus service, but the non-retired are more active in walking in mixed-developed environments with accessible commercial facilities. The thresholds of bus stop density to encourage walking among the young-old is 7.8 counts/km2, comparing to 6 counts/km2 among the old-old. Regarding the green space accessibility, the effective range for the non-retired (4 to 30%) is smaller than that of the retired (12 to 45%). Discussion: Overall, the findings provide nuanced and diverse interventions for creating walking-friendly neighborhoods to promote walking across different sub-groups of older adults.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and stroke risk in Chinese normal-weight adults: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Identifying high-risk populations and promoting stroke prevention measures can be achieved through studies on stroke and its risk factors. As a new alternative indicator of insulin resistance (IR), the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index may potentially increase stroke risk. However, the evidence confirming this association is inadequate and inconsistent, possibly due to variations in stroke assessment criteria or characteristics of the study populations. This study aims to evaluate the association between the TyG index and stroke risk level among individuals with normal-weight. METHODS: A total of 30,895 participants aged ≥ 40 years with normal-weight were enrolled in this study. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Normal-weight was described as a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<24.0 kg/m2. Stroke risk was assessed by the Stroke Risk Assessment Scale, developed by the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project. To evaluate the associations between the TyG index and stroke risk level, multivariate logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS: Results showed that when the TyG index was considered as a continuous variable, each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke [Moderate-risk (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 2.03-2.28; P<0.001); High-risk (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 3.57-4.10; P<0.001)]. Compared with Q1 of the TyG index, Q4 was significantly associated with moderate stroke risk (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 2.50-2.99; P<0.001) and high stroke risk (OR, 5.39; 95% CI, 4.83-6.01; P<0.001). The continuous TyG index was an important risk factor for high stroke risk in the metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW) individuals (OR, 3.44;95% CI, 2.92-4.06; P < 0.001). In the MONW individuals, when Q1 was used as a reference, participants in Q4 (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 4.19-6.78; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with high stroke risk. Subgroup analysis showed significant interaction in the age and sex subgroups in the overall population (Pinteraction <0.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of stroke is increased with the TyG index among Chinese adults of normal weight; hence, the index may be an important indicator for identifying high-risk stroke populations among individuals with normal body weight.

Forward-backward wavefront manipulation of orthogonal linearly polarized waves based on a metasurface zone plate.

Metasurface zone plates exhibit stronger optical control capabilities than traditional Fresnel zone plates, especially in polarization transformation and multiplexing. However, there are still few studies on metasurface zone plates that can be used for simultaneous control of forward and backward waves. In this work, we propose what is to our knowledge a new scheme that utilizes metasurface zone plates for orthogonal linear polarization separation and wavefront manipulation at the same time. We demonstrate the separation of linearly polarized components and transmission-reflection focusing by using the destructive and constructive interference between different meta-atoms in the super-cell, as well as the phase difference between the super-cells. The metasurface not only needs a simple binary phase design but also shows a working bandwidth more than 30 nm with a central wavelength of 875 nm. This scheme can be extended to other electromagnetic bands such as visible and terahertz ones, providing an important way for the multi-dimensional light field manipulations.

Exploring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients' experiences of psychological distress during the disease course in China: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the psychological distress course of Chinese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients after the onset of the disease and to provide targeted nursing guidance. DESIGN: The interview content was analysed qualitatively. We used seven steps of Colaizzi's method to analyse the participants' data. SETTING: Wuhan, China, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A semistructured face-to-face interview were performed among 22 people with ALS from the motor neuron disease rehabilitation centre of a tertiary Chinese medicine hospital in China. RESULT: This study included a total of 22 participants, from whom three main themes regarding the psychological distress trajectory of ALS patients were extracted from the interview data: 'Time begins to run out' include tormented and restless waiting and shock and doubt in ALS disease confirmation, 'Family out of control' include the burden of stigma and function loss, the burden of missing family roles, the burden of marriage's emotional needs and the burden of offspring health, 'Way forward' include struggle between live and death and struggle between quality of life and the value of life. CONCLUSION: This study outlines the psychologically distressing journey of ALS patients. Studies have pointed out the need for targeted care to address patients' various sources of psychological distress to improve their quality of life and coping ability, increase their psychological resilience and reconstruct their life beliefs.

OSW-1 triggers necroptosis in colorectal cancer cells through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway facilitated by the RIPK1-p62/SQSTM1 complex.

BACKGROUND: Necroptosis has emerged as a novel molecular pathway that can be targeted by chemotherapy agents in the treatment of cancer. OSW-1, which is derived from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker, exerts a wide range of pharmacological effects. AIM: To explore whether OSW-1 can induce necroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thereby expanding its range of clinical applications. METHODS: We performed a sequence of functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry analysis, to assess the inhibitory effect of OSW-1 on CRC cells. We utilized quantitative proteomics, employing tandem mass tag labeling combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to analyze changes in protein expression. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis was conducted to elucidate the biological processes associated with the identified proteins. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence studies were also performed to examine the effects of OSW-1 on necroptosis. Finally, western blotting, siRNA experiments, and immunoprecipitation were employed to evaluate protein interactions within CRC cells. RESULTS: The results revealed that OSW-1 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on CRC cells, and this effect was accompanied by a necroptosis-like morphology that was observable via TEM. OSW-1 was shown to trigger necroptosis via activation of the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. Furthermore, the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 was shown to mediate OSW-1-induced necroptosis through its interaction with RIPK1. CONCLUSION: We propose that OSW-1 can induce necroptosis through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, and that this effect is mediated by the RIPK1-p62/SQSTM1 complex, in CRC cells. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the use of OSW-1 in the clinical treatment of CRC.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Involved Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and bone destruction. Because of systemic administration and poor targeting, traditional anti-rheumatic drugs have unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and strong side effects, including myelosuppression, liver or kidney function damage, and malignant tumors. Consequently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-involved therapy is proposed for RA therapy as a benefit of their immunosuppressive and tissue-repairing effects. This review summarizes the progress of MSCs-involved RA therapy through suppressing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and predicts their potential clinical application.

(Ni1/3Nb2/3)4+-Improved High-K Ba3Ti4Nb4O21 Microwave Dielectric Ceramics for Miniaturized All-Ceramic Radomes with 5G Beam-Splitting Function.

With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, microwave dielectric ceramics with high dielectric constants are very conducive to the miniaturization of passive devices. Here, Ba3Ti4-x(Ni1/3Nb2/3)xNb4O21 (BTN ∼ NN, 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) ceramics with hexagonal phases are synthesized via the solid-phase route. The composite (Ni1/3Nb2/3)4+ ion substitution strategy can substantially improve the microwave dielectric properties of the Ba3Ti4Nb4O21 (BTN) ceramic. The εr and Q × f values depend on the ionicity (Nb-O bonds) and lattice energies (Nb(1)-O3 and Nb(1)-O2(1) bonds). The microwave dielectric properties of the BTN ∼ NN (x = 0.09) ceramic sintered at 1250 °C are εr = 60.3, Q × f = 22073 GHz, and τf = 78.1 ppm/°C. A miniaturized all-ceramic radome (@400 mm × 400 mm × 8 mm) for 5G beam-splitting function is designed and demonstrated using this ceramic. Compared to other radomes designed for other work utilizing low εr, the size of this radome has been reduced by 3/7. The reflection coefficients of the beam splitting function are all 0.73, and the phase shifts are all 360°. This work contributes to the development of miniaturized passive devices from a materials point of view.

Barriers to accessibility of medicines for hyperlipidemia in low- and middle-income countries.

Despite the high burden of hyperlipidemia and the effectiveness of treatment, evidence suggests that the accessibility of hyperlipidemia medicines can be low in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to identify common barriers to the accessibility of medicines for hyperlipidemia in LMICs. A multimethod analysis and multiple data sources were used to assess the accessibility and barriers of medicines for hyperlipidemia in selected LMICs. The overall median availability of statins for hyperlipidemia in public facilities was 0% and 5.4%, for originators and generics, respectively. In private facilities, median availability was 13.3% and 35.9%, for originators and generics, respectively. Statin availability was lowest in Africa and South-East Asia. Private facilities generally had higher availability than public facilities. Statins are less affordable in lower-income countries, costing around 6 days' wages per month. Originator statins are less affordable than generics in countries of all income-levels. The median cost for statin medications per month ranges from a low of $1 in Kenya to a high of $62 in Mexico, with most countries having a median monthly cost between $3.6 and $17.0. The key informant interviews suggested that accessibility to hyperlipidemia medicines in LMICs faces barriers in multiple dimensions of health systems. The availability and affordability of statins are generally low in LMICs. Several steps could be implemented to improve the accessibility of hyperlipidemia medicines, including private sector engagement, physician education, investment in technology, and enhancement of health systems.

Broadband free space 2 × 4 90° optical hybrid for satellite laser communication.

We design a broadband free space 2×4 90° optical hybrid over a spectral window of 1000-1200 nm and 1470-1650 nm and verify the feasibility of the scheme experimentally. The hybrid consists of three broadband polarization beam splitters, an achromatic λ/4 wave plate, and three achromatic λ/2 wave plates. The fabricated hybrid exhibits a good quadrature phase response with an interchannel imbalance of 0.93-1.07 and a low phase deviation of less than 0.2° under the typical communication wavelengths of 1064 nm and C-band. The experimental results of the heterodyne method show that the proposed hybrid can effectively solve the wavelength incompatibility problem in satellite laser communication and realize interconnection at different wavelengths. The designed hybrid (without coupling) has a measured insertion loss of no more than 7.34 dB at 1064 nm and C-band. A high-speed transmission experiment with BPSK format has been conducted to verify the performance of the assembled device.

Synthesis of AZO-Coated ZnO Core-Shell Nanorods by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition for Wastewater Treatment Applications.

AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods were successfully fabricated using the mist chemical vapor deposition method. The influence of coating time on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of zinc oxide nanorods was investigated. It was observed that the surface area of AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods increased with an increase in coating time. The growth orientation along the (0001) crystal plane of the AZO thin film coating was the same as that of zinc oxide nanorods. The crystallinity of AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods was significantly improved as well. The optical transmittance of AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods was greater than 55% in the visible region. The degradation efficiency for methyl red dye solution increased with an increase in coating time. The highest degradation efficiency was achieved by AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods with a coating duration of 20 min, exhibiting a degradation rate of 0.0053 min-1. The photodegradation mechanism of AZO-coated ZnO core-shell nanorods under ultraviolet irradiation was revealed.

Effectiveness of Telecare Interventions on Depression Symptoms Among Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among older adults. Despite the effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological therapies, many patients with late-life depression (LLD) are unable to access timely treatment. Telecare has been shown to be effective in addressing patients' psychosocial issues, while its effectiveness in serving patients with LLD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of telecare in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms and improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with LLD. METHODS: Databases including the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of telecare for LLD from database establishment to December 28, 2022. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs involving 1663 participants were identified in this study. The meta-analysis showed that (1) telecare significantly reduced depressive symptoms in patients with LLD compared to those in usual care (UC; standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.46, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.38; P<.001), with the best improvement observed within 3 months of intervention (SMD=-0.72, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.28; P<.001); (2) other scales appeared more effective than the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for LLD in telecare interventions (SMD=-0.65, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.35; P<.001); (3) telecare was more effective than telephone-based interventions for remote monitoring of LLD (SMD=-1.13, 95% CI -1.51 to -0.76; P<.001); (4) the reduction of depressive symptoms was more pronounced in patients with LLD with chronic conditions (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.44; P<.001); (5) telecare was more effective for LLD in Europe and the Americas than in other regions (SMD=-0.73, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.47; P<.001); (6) telecare significantly reduced anxiety symptoms in patients with LLD (SMD=-0.53, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.33; P=.02); and (7) there was no significant improvement in the psychological components of QoL in patients with LLD compared to those receiving UC (SMD=0.30, 95% CI 0.18-0.43; P=.80). CONCLUSIONS: Telecare is a promising modality of care for treatment, which can alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with LLD. Continued in-depth research into the effectiveness of telecare in treating depression could better identify where older patients would benefit from this intervention.

Neighborhood environment and body mass index in community-dwelling older adults in China: The mediating role of transport-related physical activity.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the associations of neighborhood environment and body mass index (BMI) of community-dwelling older adults aged 70 and above were mediated by transport-related physical activity (TRPA). METHODS: A bootstrap method was employed to test the mediation model with multisource data from Chongqing, China. RESULTS: Neighborhood walkability (effect: 0.030, 95% CI [0.001-0.160]) and shopping facility accessibility (effect: 0.002, 95 % CI [0.001 - 0.101]) exhibited positive effects on BMI indirectly through decreasing TRPA duration. Negative indirect effects of sports facility accessibility (effect: -0.004, 95 % CI [-0.112 - -0.003]) and transit accessibility (effect: -0.044, 95 % CI [-0.074 - -0.002]) on BMI were observed through increasing TRPA duration. Park accessibility showed both direct (effect: -0.242, p < 0.05) and indirect (effect: -0.036, 95 % CI [-0.061 - -0.005]) negative correlations with BMI. CONCLUSION: Our findings facilitate neighborhood environment interventions regarding obesity among older adults in developing countries.

Optimal weak measurement scheme for chiral molecular detection based on photonic spin Hall effect.

In this paper, we propose a precision method to measure the chiroptical signal of Artemisinin solutions using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) on the Ce:YIG-YIG-SiO2 structure as a probe. The effects of transmission distance, incident angles, applied magnetic fields of different directions, and beam waist of light on the weak measurement system are analytically investigated through simulations. It is found that decreasing the beam waist of the incident spot, increasing the incident angle, increasing the transmission distance, and adding a longitudinal magnetic field is conducive to enhancing the amplification transverse shift of PSHE, thus the measurement sensitivity is greatly improved. Based on the optimal weak measurement scheme, the detection limit for concentration measurement of artemisinin based on optical rotatory (OR) was reduced to 0.05 mg/ml. The measurement precision of the OR angle has been improved to 10-7rad.

Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks of severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is a need for estimating pooled risk estimates with adjustment for confounding effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled adjusted risk ratios of diabetes, hypertension and obesity on COVID-19 mortality. METHODS: We searched 16 literature databases for original studies published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020. We used the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. Pooled risk ratios were estimated based on the adjusted effect sizes. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to account for the uncertainty in residual heterogeneity. We used contour-funnel plots and Egger's test to assess possible publication bias. RESULTS: We reviewed 34 830 records identified in literature search, of which 145 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled adjusted risk ratios were 1.43 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.54), 1.19 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.30) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for diabetes, hypertension and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) on COVID-19 mortality, respectively. The pooled adjusted risk ratios appeared to be stronger in studies conducted before April 2020, Western Pacific Region, low- and middle-income countries, and countries with low Global Health Security Index scores, when compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality independent of other known risk factors, particularly in low-resource settings. Addressing these chronic diseases could be important for global pandemic preparedness and mortality prevention. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021204371.

Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilator exchange compared with laryngeal mask airway for endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilator exchange (THRIVE) has the characteristics of operating easily and maintaining oxygenation and eliminating CO2, which makes it possible to be used in endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS). The application of THRIVE in ETS remains undefined. The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to assess the efficacy between THRIVE and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for ETS. Methods: In total, 34 patients from May 2022 to May 2023 in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital undergoing ETS were randomly divided into a THRIVE group (n = 17) and an LMA group (n = 17). A serial arterial blood gas analysis was conducted during the perioperative period. The primary outcome was the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during the perioperative period. The secondary outcome was arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) during the perioperative period. Results: The mean (SD) highest PaCO2 in the THRIVE group and LMA group were 99.0 (9.0) mmHg and 51.7 (5.2) mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001). The median (inter-quartile range) time to PaCO2 ≥ 60 mmHg in the THRIVE group was 26.0 min (23.2-28.8). The mean (SD) PaO2 was 268.8 (89.0) mmHg in the THRIVE group and 209.8 (55.8) mmHg in the LMA group during surgery (p = 0.027). Conclusion: CO2 accumulation in the THRIVE group was higher than that of the LMA group during ETS, but THRIVE exhibited greater oxygenation capability compared to LMA. We preliminarily testified that THRIVE would be a feasible non-intubated ventilation technique during ETS under monitoring PaCO2.

Progenitor cell isolation from mouse epididymal adipose tissue and sequencing library construction.

Here, we present a protocol to isolate progenitor cells from mouse epididymal visceral adipose tissue and construct bulk RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) libraries. We describe steps for adipose tissue collection, cell isolation, and cell staining and sorting. We then detail procedures for both ATAC-seq and RNA sequencing library construction. This protocol can also be applied to other tissues and cell types directly or with minor modifications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al. (2023).1.

Effects of Tai Chi on depression of middle-aged and older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi, a mind-body movement therapy originating from China, on depression in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (Embase, Cochrane, Medline, Wanfang, SinoMed, Weipu date, CNKI) for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published until Apr 16, 2023. The quality assessment, heterogeneity analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis of 12 RCTs selected from the literature were performed. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: The study included 12 trials comprising 731 participants that met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that Tai Chi significantly improved depression in middle-aged and older adults [SMD = -1.21, 95% CI (-1.59, -0.83), I2 = 87.6%, P < 0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the number of exercise weeks within the specified range, the total duration of exercise, and Tai Chi maneuvers had the greatest benefits on depression in middle-aged and elderly people. The results demonstrated that interventions lasting more than 24 weeks were more effective [SMD = -1.66, 95% CI (-2.28, -1.04), P < 0.05] than those lasting only 12 weeks [SMD = -0.73, 95% CI (-1.08, -0.38), P < 0.05]. The effect size was more significant when the total duration of the intervention was more than 2400 min [SMD = -1.31, 95% CI (-1.71, -0.92), P < 0.001], and when the 24-style Tai Chi exercise was selected [SMD = -1.06, 95% CI (-1.37, -0.75), P < 0.001], the difference was also statistically significant. Funnel plots combined with sensitivity analyses, Begg's and Egger's tests indicated no publication bias. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that Tai Chi can be an alternative therapy for reducing depression in middle-aged and older adults. It is recommended to prolong the Tai Chi exercise period to more than 24 weeks, with a total exercise duration of more than 2400 min, and 24-style Tai Chi should be selected to achieve the best therapeutic effect in middle-aged and older adults with depression. It should be noted that there may be lower-quality studies in the RCT literature analyzed, which may limit the general applicability and credibility of the conclusions.

Chiral Metasurface Multifocal Lens in the Terahertz Band Based on Deep Learning.

Chiral metasurfaces have garnered significant interest as an emerging field of metamaterials, primarily due to their exceptional capability to manipulate phase distributions at interfaces. However, the on-demand design of chiral metasurface structures remains a challenging task. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a deep learning-based network model for rapid calculation of chiral metasurface structure parameters. The network achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.025 and enables the design of chiral metasurface structures with a circular dichroism (CD) of 0.41 at a frequency of 1.169 THz. By changing the phase of the chiral metasurface, it is possible to produce not only a monofocal lens but also a multifocal lens. Well-designed chiral metasurface lenses allow us to control the number and position of focal points of the light field. This chiral metasurface, designed using deep learning, demonstrates great multifocal focus characteristics and holds great potential for a wide range of applications in sensing and holography.