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Ultraviolet photodetectors based on wide bandgap mixed-phase ß-Ga2O3:Zn/SnO2 thin films formed through doping on the c-sapphire substrate (c-Al2O3) are prepared to construct in-plane heterojunctions employing a low-cost and simple preparation method. The mixed-phase thin film photodetectors have a low dark current of 0.74 nA, and the photo-to-dark current ratio ranges from 36.43 to 642.38 at 10 V. The photodetectors also have wavelength modulation, with response peaks ranging from 260 nm (4 mA/W) to 295 nm (1.63 A/W). Furthermore, the photodetectors have a fast response time with a rise time of 0.07 s/0.22 s and a decay time of 0.04 s/0.22 s at 1 V. The excellent performance of the devices is attributed to the reduction of VO and the establishment of multiple electric fields in the mixed-phase films, which indicates the feasibility of implementing wavelength-modulated and fast-response ß-Ga2O3 photodetectors using the sol-gel method.
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Introduction: Accumulating evidence has proved that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in progression of glioma. Nevertheless, the role of TUBA4B in glioma remains unclear. Material and methods: The expression of the target gene was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The prognostic role of TUBA4B was analyzed by Meier survival analysis. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion were detected by MTS, soft agar colony forming assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The target interaction of the target gene was validated by the luciferase reporter assay, biotin pull-down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results: We found that the expression of TUBA4B was lower in glioma tissues and cells. Moreover, patients with a low TUBA4B expression level exhibited poorer prognosis than those with high TUBA4B expression. Meanwhile, ROC analysis revealed that TUBA4B had diagnostic value to distinguish tumor patients from the healthy population. Overexpression of TUBA4B prohibited the malignancy of glioma, such as inhibition of proliferation, decrease of colony formation, arrest of the cell cycle, decline of migration and invasion, and promotion of cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that TUBA4B directly interacted with miR-183 and negatively regulated the expression of miR-183. We also observed that SMAD4 was a downriver target of miR-183 and TUBA4B subsequently exerted its tumor-suppressive effects by coordinating the expression of SMAD4 in glioma. Conclusions: This study revealed for the first time that TUBA4B could be a tumor suppressor gene in glioma by adjustment of the TUBA4B/miR-183/SMAD4 axis, which may provide a useful prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease that can kill up to 100% of domestic pigs and wild boars. It has been shown that the pigs inoculated with some ASF vaccine candidates display more severe clinical signs and die earlier than do pigs not immunized. We hypothesize that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ASFV infection may be caused by the presence of some unidentified antibodies. In this study, we found that the ASFV-encoded structural protein A137R (pA137R) can be recognized by the anti-ASFV positive sera, indicating that the anti-pA137R antibodies are induced in the ASFV-infected pigs. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that the anti-pA137R antibodies produced in rabbits or pigs enhanced viral replication of different ASFV strains in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), the target cells of ASFV. Mechanistic investigations revealed that anti-pA137R antibodies were able to promote the attachment of ASFV to PAMs and two types of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), FcγRII and FcγRIII, mediated the ADE of ASFV infection. Taken together, anti-pA137R antibodies are able to drive ASFV ADE in PAMs. These findings shed new light on the roles of anti-ASFV antibodies and have implications for the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of ASF vaccines.
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Vírus da Febre Suína Africana , Febre Suína Africana , Anticorpos Antivirais , Anticorpos Facilitadores , Macrófagos Alveolares , Receptores de IgG , Animais , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/virologia , Suínos , Febre Suína Africana/virologia , Febre Suína Africana/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Receptores de IgG/imunologia , Replicação Viral , CoelhosRESUMO
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), results in significant economic losses to the swine industry in many countries. Vaccination represents the primary strategy to control CSF and the CSFV E2 protein is known as the major protective antigen. However, the E2 protein expressed or presented by different systems elicits distinct immune responses. In this study, we established a stable CHO cell line to express the E2 protein and delivered it using self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequently, we compared the adaptive immune responses induced by the E2-ferritin NPs and the monomeric E2 protein produced by the CHO cells or a baculovirus expression system. The results revealed that the NP-delivered E2 protein elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies than did the monomeric E2 protein in pigs. Importantly, only the NP-delivered E2 protein significantly induced CSFV-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Furthermore, all the pigs inoculated with the E2-ferritin NPs were completely protected from a lethal CSFV challenge infection. These findings demonstrate the ability of the E2-ferritin NPs to protect pigs against the lethal CSFV challenge by eliciting robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Sb-based materials are considered as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their excellent sodium storage capacities and suitable potentials. However, the Sb-based anodes usually suffer from intense volume expansion and severe pulverization during the alloying-dealloying process, resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, a composite anode with Sb/Sb2O3 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped porous carbon is prepared by the gas-solid dual template method. The volume change of the anode material is mitigated by the carbon layer enwrapping and the confinement of the porous structure. Nitrogen doping provides abundant sodium storage sites, thus enhancing the storage capacity of sodium ion. Furthermore, to gain the accurate kinetic interpretation of the electrochemical process, an ex-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterization combined with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) is conducted. The Sb/Sb2O3@NPC-1.0 demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, achieving 340.3 mAh g-1 at 1A g-1, and maintains a capacity of 86.7 % after 1000 cycles. This work paves the way for the practical application of SIBs with high-performance and long-life Sb-based anodes.
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We aim to investigate the effect of RVG-Lamp2b-modified exosomes (exos) loaded with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on facial nerve injury. Exos were collected from control cells (Ctrl Exo) or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-transfected with RVG-Lamp2b and NT-3 plasmids (RVG-NT-3 Exo) by gradient centrifugation and identified by western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Effect of RVG-NT-3 Exo on oxidative stress damage was determined by analysis of the morphology, viability, and ROS production of neurons. Effect of RVG-NT-3 Exo on facial nerve axotomy (FNA) was determined by detecting ROS production, neuroinflammatory reaction, microglia activation, facial motor neuron (FMN) death, and myelin sheath repair. Loading NT-3 and modifying with RVG-Lamp2b did not alter the properties of the exos. Moreover, RVG-NT-3 Exo could effectively target neurons to deliver NT-3. Treatment with RVG-NT-3 Exo lowered H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in primary neurons and Nsc-34 cells. RVG-NT-3 Exo treatment significantly decreased ROS production, neuroinflammatory response, FMN death, and elevated microglia activation and myelin sheath repair in FNA rat models. Our findings suggested that RVG-NT-3 Exo-mediated delivery of NT-3 is effective for the treatment of facial nerve injury.
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Standing and lying are the fundamental behaviours of quadrupedal animals, and the ratio of their durations is a significant indicator of calf health. In this study, we proposed a computer vision method for non-invasively monitoring of calves' behaviours. Cameras were deployed at four viewpoints to monitor six calves on six consecutive days. YOLOv8n was trained to detect standing and lying calves. Daily behavioural budget was then summarised and analysed based on automatic inference on untrained data. The results show a mean average precision of 0.995 and an average inference speed of 333 frames per second. The maximum error in the estimated daily standing and lying time for a total of 8 calf-days is less than 14 min. Calves with diarrhoea had about 2 h more daily lying time (p < 0.002), 2.65 more daily lying bouts (p < 0.049), and 4.3 min less daily lying bout duration (p = 0.5) compared to healthy calves. The proposed method can help in understanding calves' health status based on automatically measured standing and lying time, thereby improving their welfare and management on the farm.
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To improve the performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells, a strategy is proposed to improve the quality of absorber and back interface simultaneously by substituting V-doped Mo (Mo:V) for a conventional Mo back electrode and incorporating Ag into the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (ACZTSSe) absorber in this work. Since p+-type V-doped MoSe2 (MoSe2:V) is formed in the site between the absorber and Mo:V during selenization, the conventional Mo/n-MoSe2 back contact is modified to Mo:V/p+-MoSe2:V, a back surface passivation field (BSPF) is established at the back interface, the band bending of MoSe2:V is downward and that of bottom of the absorber is upward. Further investigation reveals that the back contact modification and Ag doping have a synergistic effect on inhibiting carrier recombination, decreasing series resistance and increasing shunt resistance, thereby leading to the PCE of device without antireflection coating increased from 8.61 to 10.98%, which is larger than the sum of increase in PCE induced by Ag doping alone (8.61 to 9.66%) and back contact modification alone (8.61 to 9.63%). It is demonstrated that the synergistic effect stems mainly from the strengthened BSPF and the further reduced back contact barrier height. The former is due to the increased difference in work function (WF) between MoSe2:V and absorber induced by the reduced WF of the absorber after Ag doping and the raised WF of MoSe2:V after V doping. The latter is due to the downshifted valence band maximum of absorber after Ag doping. This work highlights the synergistic effect of back contact modification and Ag doping on improving the performance of CZTSSe solar cells and also provides an effective way to suppress carrier recombination.
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Weeds present a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides have proven to be effective in managing weed populations in rice fields. To develop ACCase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant rice, we generated mutants of rice ACCase (OsACC) featuring Ile-1792-Leu or Gly-2107-Ser substitutions through ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The Ile-1792-Leu mutant displayed cross-resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) and phenylpyrazoline (DEN) herbicides, whereas the Gly-2107-Ser mutants primarily exhibited cross-resistance to APP herbicides with diminished resistance to the DEN herbicide. In vitro assays of the OsACC activity revealed an increase in resistance to haloxyfop and quizalofop, ranging from 4.84- to 29-fold in the mutants compared to that in wild-type. Structural modeling revealed that both mutations likely reduce the binding affinity between OsACC and ACCase inhibitors, thereby imparting resistance. This study offers insights into two target-site mutations, contributing to the breeding of herbicide-resistant rice and presenting alternative weed management strategies in rice cultivation.
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Acetil-CoA Carboxilase , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Resistência a Herbicidas , Herbicidas , Mutação , Oryza , Proteínas de Plantas , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/genética , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/química , Oryza/genética , Oryza/enzimologia , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Herbicidas/química , Resistência a Herbicidas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Plantas Daninhas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Daninhas/genética , Plantas Daninhas/enzimologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is useful in mapping lymphatic vessels in upper limb lymphedema; this study was aimed to evaluate its efficiency in lower limb lymphedema and investigate whether magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) enhance the efficiency of CEUS. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 48 patients with lymphedema undergoing lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery who received MRL and/or CEUS in addition to conventional indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography. The number of anastomotic sites and the duration per site (DPS) for LVA surgery were described and compared. RESULTS: Among the 48 patients subjected to analysis, it was observed that 12 (25%), 20 (41.67%), and 16 (33.33%) of them received ICG, ICG+CEUS, and ICG+CEUS+MRL, respectively. The ICG+CEUS group demonstrated a significant increase in the number of LVAs (median, 5; range, 4-7), compared with the ICG group (median, 2; range, 1-4) (P < .001). Moreover, the ICG+CEUS+MRL group exhibited a higher number of LVAs (median, 8; range, 7-8.25) compared with both the ICG+CEUS and ICG groups (P < .001). For lower limb lymphedema, the ICG+CEUS+MRL group displayed an elevated number of LVAs (median, 8; interquartile range, 7-9) (P = .003), in contrast to the ICG group (median, 3; interquartile range, 1.75-4.25). Furthermore, the DPS in the ICG+CEUS+MRL group (median, 50.56; interquartile range, 48.13-59.29) (P = .005) exhibited a remarkable decrease when compared with the ICG group (median, 131.25; interquartile range, 86.75-198.13]). CONCLUSIONS: MRL-CEUS fusion demonstrates superior performance in the identification of lymphatic vessels for lymphedema.
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Although the knee joint (KNJ) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) all belong to the synovial joint, there are many differences in developmental origin, joint structure and articular cartilage type. Studies of joint development in embryos have been performed, mainly using poultry and rodents. However, KNJ and TMJ in poultry and rodents differ from those in humans in several ways. Very little work has been done on the embryonic development of KNJ and TMJ in large mammals. Several studies have shown that pigs are ideal animals for embryonic development research. Embryonic day 30 (E30), E35, E45, E55, E75, E90, Postnatal day 0 (P0) and Postnatal day 30 (P30) embryos/fetuses from the pigs were used for this study. The results showed that KNJ develops earlier than TMJ. Only one mesenchymal condensate of KNJ is formed on E30, while two mesenchymal condensates of TMJ are present on E35. All structures of KNJ and TMJ were formed on E45. The growth plate of KNJ begins to develop on E45 and becomes more pronounced from E55 to P30. From E75 to E90, more and more vascular-rich cartilage canals form in the cartilage regions of both joints. The cartilaginous canal of the TMJ divides the condyle into sections along the longitudinal axis of the condyle. This arrangement of cartilaginous canal was not found in the KNJ. The chondrification of KNJ precedes that of TMJ. Ossification of the knee condyle occurs gradually from the middle to the periphery, while that of the TMJ occurs gradually from the base of the mandibular condyle. In the KNJ, the ossification of the articular condyle is evident from P0 to P30, and the growth plate is completely formed on P30. In the TMJ, the cartilage layer of condyle becomes thinner from P0 to P30. There is no growth plate formation in TMJ during its entire development. There is no growth plate formation in the TMJ throughout its development. The condyle may be the developmental center of the TMJ. The chondrocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate are densely arranged. The condylar chondrocytes of TMJ are scattered, while the hypertrophic chondrocytes are arranged. Embryonic development of KNJ and TMJ in pigs is an important bridge for translating the results of rodent studies to medical applications.
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Articulação do Joelho , Articulação Temporomandibular , Animais , Suínos/embriologia , Articulação Temporomandibular/embriologia , Articulação Temporomandibular/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Articulação do Joelho/embriologia , Articulação do Joelho/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cartilagem Articular/embriologia , Cartilagem Articular/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Embrião de MamíferosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There remains a lack of consensus regarding the benefits of stent placement following pancreaticojejunostomy in terms of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistulas (CR-POPFs). This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of stent placement, stent technique (internal and external), stent size, and dilation of the main pancreatic duct on CR-POPFs. METHODS: Our study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving patients undergoing pancreaticojejunostomy. The primary outcome was defined as the incidence of CR-POPFs. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted, and pooled analyses were performed to provide comparative references. RESULTS: Twelve randomized controlled trials, including a total of 1117 patients, were included. Compared with no stent placement, stenting did not exhibit a significant association with reduced CR-POPF incidence (odds ratio [OR] â= â0.60, 95% CI: 0.34-1.04, P â= â0.07). Subgroup analysis revealed that only external stents, and not internal stents, were significantly associated with a reduced CR-POPF incidence compared with no stent placement (OR â= â0.53, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99, P â= â0.05 vs. OR â= â0.92, 95% CI: 0.28-3.05, P â= â0.89). Furthermore, stent placement in patients with a main pancreatic duct diameter of ≤3 âmm, and not in those with a main pancreatic duct diameter of >3 âmm, was associated with a significantly reduced CR-POPF incidence compared with no stent placement (OR â= â0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.78, P â= â0.02 vs. OR â= â1.58, 95% CI: 0.41-6.06, P â= â0.50). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a potential role for external stent placement in the prevention of CR-POPFs after pancreaticojejunostomy, particularly in patients with undilated pancreatic ducts. The reliability of our findings is constrained by the limited number of studies included. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022380103.
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Fístula Pancreática , Pancreaticojejunostomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Stents , Humanos , Pancreaticojejunostomia/efeitos adversos , Pancreaticojejunostomia/métodos , Fístula Pancreática/prevenção & controle , Fístula Pancreática/etiologia , Fístula Pancreática/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ductos Pancreáticos/cirurgiaRESUMO
Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is an uncommon subtype of lung cancer with bleak prognosis. Its optimal treatment remains undetermined due to its malignancy. A 66-year-old man diagnosed with unresectable locally advanced LCNEC exhibited partial radiographic response to chemo-immunotherapy. He underwent salvage surgery after 4 rounds of docetaxel/nedaplatin (DP) regimen plus sintilimab, a highly selective monoclonal antibody which targets human anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). In addition, the pathologic examination of the excision demonstrated that there were no viable residuary tumor cells. This case indicates that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy might benefit patients with locally advanced LCNEC, which deserves further investigation.
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Continuously emerging highly pathogenic coronaviruses remain a major threat to human and animal health. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging enterotropic swine coronavirus that causes large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea disease in piglets. Unlike other porcine coronaviruses, PDCoV has a wide range of species tissue tropism, including primary human cells, which poses a significant risk of cross-species transmission. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) has a key role in linking host innate immunity to microbes and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. We now report a role for NLRP1 in the control of PDCoV infection. Overexpression of NLRP1 remarkably suppressed PDCoV infection, whereas knockout of NLRP1 led to a significant increase in PDCoV replication. A mechanistic study revealed that NLRP1 suppressed PDCoV replication in cells by upregulating IL-11 expression, which in turn inhibited the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 effectively hindered PDCoV replication in pigs. Together, our results demonstrated that NLRP1 exerted an anti-PDCoV effect by IL-11-mediated inhibition of the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway, providing a novel antiviral signal axis of NLRP1-IL-11-ERK. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of NLRP1 in the host defense against virus infection and provides a new insight into the treatment of coronaviruses and the development of corresponding drugs.IMPORTANCECoronavirus, which mainly infects gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelial cells in vivo, poses a huge threat to both humans and animals. Although porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is known to primarily cause fatal diarrhea in piglets, reports detected in plasma samples from Haitian children emphasize the potential risk of animal-to-human spillover. Finding effective therapeutics against coronaviruses is crucial for controlling viral infection. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1), a key regulatory factor in the innate immune system, is highly expressed in epithelial cells and associated with the pathogenesis of viruses. We demonstrate here that NLRP1 inhibits the infection of the intestinal coronavirus PDCoV through IL-11-mediated phosphorylation inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor can control the infection of PDCoV in pigs. Our study emphasizes the importance of NLRP1 as an immune regulatory factor and may open up new avenues for the treatment of coronavirus infection.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Deltacoronavirus , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Diarreia , Haiti , Interleucina-11/metabolismo , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Transdução de Sinais , Suínos , Zoonoses/metabolismoRESUMO
A Mo(S,Se)2 interfacial layer is formed inevitably and uncontrollably between the Mo electrode and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber during the selenization process, which significantly influences the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. In this work, an ultrathin MoS2 layer is intentionally inserted into Mo/CZTSSe to reduce the recombination and thus optimize the interface quality. It is revealed that the absorber exhibits a continuous and compact morphology with bigger grains and remarkably without pinholes across the surface or cross-sectional regions after MoS2 modification. Benefitting from this, the shunt resistance (RSh) of the device increased evidently from â¼395 to â¼634 Ω·cm2, and simultaneously, the reverse saturation current density (J0) realized an effective depression. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the MoS2-modified device reaches 9.64% via the optimization of the thickness of the MoS2 layer, indicating performance improvements with respect to the MoS2-free case. Furthermore, the main contribution to the performance improvement is derived and analyzed in detail from the increased RSh, decreased J0, and diode ideality factor. Our results suggest that the Mo/CZTSSe interface quality and performance of CZTSSe solar cells can be modulated and improved by appropriately designing and optimizing the thickness of the inserted MoS2 layer.
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Background: Lysosomes are known to have a significant impact on the development and recurrence of breast cancer. However, the association between lysosome-related genes (LRGs) and breast cancer remains unclear. This study aims to explore the potential role of LRGs in predicting the prognosis and treatment response of breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer gene expression profile data and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases, and prognosis-related LRGs were screened for consensus clustering analysis. Lasso Cox regression analysis was used to construct risk features derived from LRGs, and immune cell infiltration, immune therapy response, drug sensitivity, and clinical pathological feature differences were evaluated for different molecular subtypes and risk groups. A nomogram based on risk features derived from LRGs was constructed and evaluated. Results: Our study identified 176 differentially expressed LRGs that are associated with breast cancer prognosis. Based on these genes, we divided breast cancer into two molecular subtypes with significant prognostic differences. We also found significant differences in immune cell infiltration between these subtypes. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic risk model consisting of 7 LRGs, which effectively divides breast cancer patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group have better prognostic characteristics, respond better to immunotherapy, and have lower sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, indicating that the low-risk group is more likely to benefit from immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, the risk score based on LRGs is significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, including CD8 T cells and macrophages. This risk score model, along with age, chemotherapy, clinical stage, and N stage, is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Finally, the nomogram composed of these factors has excellent performance in predicting overall survival of breast cancer. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study has constructed a novel LRG-derived breast cancer risk feature, which performs well in prognostic prediction when combined with clinical pathological features.
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The use of natural starch as a replacement for petroleum-based packaging materials is limited due to its poor processability, weak mechanical properties, and strong moisture sensitivity. To address these limitations, this study adopts molecular design of hydroxypropylation and acetylation to sequentially modify natural starch, and material design of introducing acetylated cellulose nanofibers (ACNF) into the starch matrix to reinforce the material. Hydroxypropylation decreased the interaction force between the starch molecular chains, thereby reducing the glass transition temperature. Subsequent acetylation introduced hydrophobic acetyl groups that disrupted intermolecular hydrogen bonds, enhancing the mobility of the starch molecular chain, and endowed the hydroxypropyl starch acetate (HPSA) with excellent thermoplastic processability (melt index of 7.12 g/10 min) without the need for plasticizers and notable water resistance (water absorption rate of 3.0 %). The introduction of ACNF generated a strong interaction between HPSA chains, promoting the derived ACNF-HPSA to exhibit excellent mechanical strength, such as high impact strength of 2.1 kJ/m2, tensile strength of 22.89 MPa, elasticity modulus of 813.22 MPa, flexural strength of 24.18 MPa and flexural modulus of 1367.88 MPa. Its overall performance even surpassed that of polypropylene (PP) plastic, making it a potential alternative material for PP-based packaging materials.
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Under a global carbon-neutralizing environment, renewable wood is a viable alternative to non-renewable resources due to its abundance and high specific strength. However, fast-growing wood is hard to be applied extensively due to low mechanical strength and poor dimensional stability and durability. In this study, epoxy-acrylic resin-modified wood was prepared by forming a functional monomer system with three monomers [glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), maleic anhydride (MAN), and polyethylene glycol-200-dimethylacrylic acid (PEGDMA)] and filling into the wood cell cavity. The results showed that in the case of an optimal monomer system of nGMA:nPEGDMA = 20:1 and an optimal MAN dosage of 6%, the conversion rate of monomers reached 98.01%, the cell cavity was evenly filled by the polymer, with the cell wall chemically bonded. Thus, a bonding strength of as high as 1.13 MPa, a bending strength of 112.6 MPa and an impact toughness of 74.85 KJ/m2 were applied to the modified wood, which presented excellent dimensional stability (720 h water absorption: 26%, and volume expansion ratio: 5.04%) and rot resistance (loss rates from white rot and brown rot: 3.05% and 0.67%). Additionally, polymer-modified wood also exhibited excellent wear resistance and heat stability. This study reports a novel approach for building new environmentally friendly wood with high strength and toughness and good structural stability and durability.
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An electrocatalyst of single-atomic Mn sites with MnP nanoparticles (NPs) on N, P co-doped carbon substrate was constructed to enhance the catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through one-pot in situ doping-phosphatization strategy. The optimized MnSA-MnP-980â catalyst exhibits an excellent ORR activity in KOH electrolyte with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.88 V (vs. RHE), and the ORR current density of MnSA-MnP-980â maintained 97.9 % for over 25000 s chronoamperometric i-t measurement. When using as the cathode, the MnSA-MnP-980â displays a peak power density of 51 mW cm-2 in Zinc-Air batteries, which observably outperformed commercial Pt/C (20 wt%). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the doped P atoms with a strong electron-donating effectively enhances electron cloud density of Mn SAs sites, facilitating the adsorption of O2 molecules. Meanwhile, the introduction of MnP NPs can regulate the electronic structure of Mn SAs sites, making Mn SAs active sites exist in a low oxidation state and are less positively charged, which can supply electrons for ORR process to narrow the adsorption energy barrier of ORR intermediates. This work constructs novel active sites with excellent ORR properties and provides valuable reference for the development of practical application.