Impact of HIV/HCV Co-Infection on Mortality and Attrition in Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 2003-2022.

What is already known about this topic?: The effects of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on mortality and patient attrition in those undergoing antiretroviral therapy continue to be a contested area of research. What is added by this report?: According to the propensity score-matched cohort, individuals with HIV/HCV co-infection exhibit an elevated risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio: 2.048, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.526-2.749] and attrition (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.659, 95% CI: 1.4.8-1.961) compared to their counterparts who are mono-infected with HIV. What are the implications for public health practice?: The pressing need for tailored testing and follow-up protocols for individuals co-infected with HIV/HCV cannot be overstated.

Characteristics of Migration Among HIV-Positive MSM - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 2005-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Migration has a significant impact on the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, there have been few studies examining the characteristics of migration among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). What is added by this report?: The prevalence of migrants among newly reported HIV-positive MSM in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region increased from 2005 to 2021. Yulin Prefecture had the highest proportion of out-migrant MSM (12.6%), while Nanning Prefecture had the highest proportion of in-migrant MSM (55.9%). Risk factors associated with migration among MSM included being in the 18-24 age range, having a college education or higher, and being a student. What are the implications for public health practice?: A complex prefecture-level network of HIV-positive MSM exists in Guangxi. To ensure effective follow-up management and antiretroviral therapy for migrant MSM, effective measures must be taken.

Effects of high CD4 cell counts on death and attrition among HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: an observational cohort study.

Current WHO guidelines recommend initiating ART regardless of CD4+ cell count. In response, we conducted an observational cohort study to assess the effects of pre-ART CD4+ cell count levels on death, attrition, and death or attrition in HIV treated patients. This large HIV treatment cohort study (n = 49,155) from 2010 to 2015 was conducted in Guangxi, China. We used a Cox regression model to analyze associations between pre-ART CD4+ cell counts and death, attrition, and death or attrition. The average mortality and ART attrition rates among all treated patients were 2.63 deaths and 5.32 attritions per 100 person-years, respectively. Compared to HIV patients with <350 CD4+ cells/mm3 at ART initiation, HIV patients with >500 CD4+ cells/mm3 at ART initiation had a significantly lower mortality rate (Adjusted hazard ratio: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40-0.79), but significantly higher ART attrition rate (AHR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33). Results from this study suggest that HIV patients with high CD4+ cell counts at the time of ART initiation may be at greater risk of treatment attrition. To further reduce ART attrition, it is imperative that patient education and healthcare provider training on ART adherence be enhanced and account for CD4 levels at ART initiation.

Risk factors for measles in children younger than age 8 months: A case-control study during an outbreak in Guangxi, China, 2013.

BACKGROUND: Following a period (2009-2012) during which zero measles cases were reported, a measles outbreak occurred in 2013 in Bama County, Guangxi, China, that involved more than 100 children younger than age 8 months. We aimed to identify the pitfalls and risk factors while implementing the control measures. METHODS: An outbreak investigation and a case-control study was conducted among children younger than age 8 months. The serum specimens of the study subjects and their mothers were tested for measles immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G. RESULTS: The attack rate was 2.3/1,000 population. The median (interquartile range) age was 18.6 months (7.9-52.8 months). The coverage of 2-dose measles-containing vaccine was only 34%. The case-control study revealed 2 independent risk factors: low education level of main caregiver (odds ratio [OR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-6.22) and visiting a hospital 7-21 days before the date of symptoms onset (OR, 9.84; 95% CI, 4.27-22.67). The population attributable fraction of the latter was 52.8%. The mothers of the cases had nonsignificantly higher levels of immunoglobulin M and were significantly more likely to have protective levels of immunoglobulin G than those of the controls. This suggests a reactive rather than protective role of the antibody to the child's infection. CONCLUSIONS: In a near-elimination but low measles-containing vaccine coverage community, supplementary immunization activities should be emphasized for children and women who are potential future mothers. The minimum age of measles-containing vaccine should be further reduced. Hospital measles transmission must also be strictly prevented.

[Analysis on the prevalence of malnutrition and affected factors of rural poor infants under 2 years old in Guangxi Province in 2008].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of malnutrition and its affected factors of poor rural infants under 2 years old in Guangxi Province. METHODS; Applying a three stages stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 653 subjects were sampled from 4 rural poor counties. The Z score standards recommended by NCHS/WHO were used to evaluate the nutrition and health condition of infants. Non-conditional multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting nutritional status. RESULTS: The rates of low birth weight, growth retardation, under weight, emaciation and anemia of 653 infants under 2 years old were 8.7%, 39.7%, 42.1%,14.4% and 25.4% respectively. The non-conditional multifactor logistic regression model indicates that the age of infants, the caregivers and the time of their mothers working outside were the associated risk factors of growth retardation and under weight of the babies. CONCLUSION: The rate of low birth weight in part of rural poor areas in Guangxi Province was obviously higher than the expecting target (i. e. lower than 5%) at the year 2010. The rates of growth retardation, under weight, emaciation and anemia were still high.