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In this study, a 3D CoNiO2/Co core-shell structure biochar catalyst derived from walnut shell was synthesized by hydrothermal and ion etching methods. The prepared BC@CoNi-600 catalyst exhibited exceptional peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The system achieved 100 % degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The reactive oxygen species in the BC@CoNi-600/PMS system included SO4-, OH, and O2-. Density functional theory calculations explored the synergistic effects between nickel-cobalt bimetallic and carbon matrix during PMS activation. The unique 3D core-shell structure of BC@CoNi-600 features an outer nickel-cobalt bimetallic layer with exceptional PMS adsorption capacity, while protecting the zero-valence Co of the inner layer from oxidation. Based on the experimental-data, machine learning modeling mechanism, and information theory, a nonlinear modeling method was proposed. This study utilizes a machine learning approach to investigate the degradation of SMX in complex aquatic environments. This study synthesized a novel biochar-based catalyst for activated PMS and provided unique insights into its environmental applications.
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Carvão Vegetal , Cobalto , Peróxidos , Sulfametoxazol , Sulfametoxazol/química , Carvão Vegetal/química , Catálise , Peróxidos/química , Cobalto/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Níquel/química , Juglans/química , Adsorção , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Moderate physical exercise has positive effects on memory. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of long-term exercise on spatial memory in developing mice, as well as its association with the cholinergic system, antioxidant activities, apoptosis factor, and BDNF/PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway in the brain. In this study, Y maze and Novel object recognition (NOR) tests were employed to assess the impact of long-term voluntary exercise on memory. The cholinergic system, antioxidant activities, and apoptosis factors in the brain were quantified using Elisa. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of relevant proteins in the BDNF/PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway. The findings demonstrated that prolonged voluntary wheel running exercise enhanced memory in developing mice, concomitant with increased catalase (CAT) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Moreover, it could also increase the hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) content and suppress the expression of neuronal apoptosis protein. Additionally, exercise also upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), phosphoinositide 3 kinases (PI3K), Akt, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that long-term voluntary wheel running exercise improves the spatial memory of developing mice by modulating the cholinergic system, antioxidant activities, apoptosis factors, and activating the BDNF/PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway.
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Antioxidantes , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Cognição , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Masculino , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cognição/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Corrida/fisiologia , Corrida/psicologia , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Memória Espacial/fisiologiaRESUMO
The efficient degradation of antibiotics holds significant implications for mitigating environmental pollution. This study synthesized a montmorillonite chitosan composite material (MMT-CS) using the gel template method. Subsequently, a bio-enhanced reactor was constructed to facilitate the degradation of chlorotetracycline (CTC). The addition of MMT-CS composite material enables the degradation of different concentrations of CTC. MMT-CS, a conductive carrier, effectively promotes microbial adhesion and boosts the metabolic activity of functional microorganisms. Additionally, it facilitates the maintenance of microbial activity under CTC pressure by promoting the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, increasing critical enzyme activity, and enhancing the electron transfer capacity within the system. In this MMT-CS bio-enhanced process, Paracoccus (11.4%) and Bacillus (3.9%) are utilized as essential bacteria genes. The results of metabolic pathways prediction indicated significant enhancements in membrane-transport, nucleotide-metabolism, replication-repair, and lipid-metabolism. Thus, the developed self-supporting MMT-CS bio-enhanced process ensured the stability of the system during the removal of antibiotics.
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Bentonita , Biodegradação Ambiental , Quitosana , Clortetraciclina , Bentonita/química , Clortetraciclina/metabolismo , Transporte de Elétrons , Quitosana/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Reatores BiológicosRESUMO
Purpose: The levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is associated not only with the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF), but also with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study aims to understand the prediction value of HE4 on prognosis in patients with AHF combined with CKD. Patients and Methods: This study prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with AHF combined with CKD at the Department of Cardiology of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2019 to December 2022. Serum levels of HE4 were measured using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The endpoint events included heart failure readmission and cardiovascular death. Results: A total of 130 patients with AHF combined with CKD were included in the stud. The median age is 73 years (interquartile range: 65-79 years). Among the patients, 94 experienced the endpoint events. The multivariable Cox analysis reveals that LnHE4 (HR=2.280, 95% CI 1.300-3.998, P = 0.004) and age (HR=1.024, 95% CI 1.003-1.045, P = 0.025) are independent predictors of the endpoint events. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrates that patients with HE4 levels>276.15 pmol/L has a significantly higher incidence of endpoint events compared to those with HE4 levels≤276.15 pmol/L (Log rank test: χ2=19.689, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, the HR is 2.520 (95% CI: 1.626-3.906, P < 0.001). Conclusion: HE4 is an independent predictor of heart failure readmission and cardiovascular death in patients with AHF combined with CKD.
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BACKGROUND: Despite the World Health Organisation certifying China malaria-free in 2021, the risk of local transmission caused by imported malaria cases remains a significant clinical and public health issue. It is necessary to present the changing trends of malaria in China and discuss the role of travel medicine services in consolidating malaria elimination. METHODS: This study systematically reviewed articles and reports related to human malaria from 2013 to 2022 published in international and Chinese databases. Data on malaria (i.e. number of cases, Plasmodium spp., diagnostic method, country of acquisition, provinces with high risk of re-introduction and transmission) were collected and synthesised, then summarised using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Overall, 24 758 cases of malaria (>99.5% laboratory confirmed, > 99.2% imported, 0.5% fatal) were reported in China from 2013 to 2022, with a downward trend over the years (4128 cases in 2013 compared to 843 cases in 2022; χ2 trend p-value = 0.005). The last locally acquired case was reported in 2017. P. falciparum (65.5%) was the most common species identified, followed by P. vivax (20.9%) and P. ovale (10.0%). Two Pheidole knowlesi cases were also identified in 2014 and 2017 in returned travellers from Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively. The most common countries of malaria acquisition were Ghana, Angola, and Myanmar. P. vivax was mainly detected in returned travellers from Myanmar, while P. falciparum and P. ovale were detected in travellers from Sub-Saharan Africa. Imported cases were mainly reported in Yunnan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Henan provinces, where large numbers of Chinese people travel overseas for work. CONCLUSION: Returned travellers from malaria-endemic countries pose a significant risk of malaria re-introduction to China. Travel medicine should be strengthened to improve the capacity and accessibility of both pre- and post-travel services, including malaria prophylaxis and prompt diagnosis of illness in returned travellers.
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Wuyi Rock tea, specifically Shuixian and Rougui, exhibits distinct sensory characteristics. In this study, we investigated the sensory and metabolite differences between Shuixian and Rougui. Quantitative description analysis revealed that Rougui exhibited higher intensity in bitter, thick, harsh, and numb tastes, while Shuixian had stronger salty and umami tastes. Nontargeted metabolomics identified 151 compounds with 66 compounds identified as key differential metabolites responsible for metabolic discrimination. Most of the catechins and flavonoids were enriched in Rougui tea, while epigallocatechin-3,3'-di-O-gallate, epigallocatechin-3,5-di-O-gallate, gallocatechin-3,5-di-O-gallate, isovitexin, and theaflavanoside I were enriched in Shuixian tea. Catechins, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin derivatives were positively correlated with bitter taste and numb sensation. Sour taste was positively correlated to organic acids. Amino acids potentially contributed to salty and umami tastes. These results provide further insights into the taste characteristics and the relationship between taste attributes and specific metabolites in Wuyi Rock tea.
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Catequina , Paladar , Chá/química , Espectrometria de Massa com Cromatografia Líquida , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Metabolômica/métodosRESUMO
Root rot is one of the main reasons for yield losses of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. Pre-inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum can effectively lower the incidence of red kidney bean root rot. In this study, four treatments including CK (control), Fu13 (Fusarium oxysporum), T891 (T. harzianum) and T891 + Fu13 (T. harzianum + F. oxysporum) were arranged in a pot experiment to investigate how T891 affected the incidence and severity of root rot, plant growth, and changes of defense enzyme activity in red kidney bean plants. Community composition and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiota was evaluated through high-throughput sequencing, and co-occurrence network was analyzed. The results showed that when compared to the Fu13 treatment, pre-inoculation with T891 reduced the incidence and severity of red kidney bean root rot by 40.62 and 68.03% (p < 0.05), increased the root length, shoot length, total dry biomass by 48.63, 97.72, 122.17%. Upregulated activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) by 7.32, 38.48, 98.31% (p < 0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) by 23.70% (p < 0.05), respectively. Microbiological analyses also showed that F. oxysporum reduced alpha diversity resulting in alteration the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community in red kidney bean. T891 significantly reduced abundance of F. oxysporum, allowing the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacteria Porphyrobacter (ASV 46), Lysobacter (ASV 85), Microbacteriaceae (ASV 105), and Gemmatimonas (ASV 107), resulting in a more stable structure of the microbial network. The results of random forest analysis further revealed that ASV 46 (Porphyrobacter) was the primary influencing factor for the incidence of root rot after inoculation with T891, while ASV 85 (Lysobacter) was the primary influencing factor for the biomass of red kidney bean. In conclusion, T. harzianum promotes the growth of red kidney bean and inhibits root rot by improving plant antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating the rhizosphere microbial community.
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BACKGROUND: The wild variety Fritillaria taipaiensis E.B (EB) is known for its superior therapeutic effects, but its limited production cannot meet demand. As a result, the cultivated variety F. taipaiensis P. Y. Li (PY) has been widely grown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing EB and PY in terms of external features, sipeimine content, metabolome and chloroplast genome to differentiate these two varieties. RESULTS: Our research revealed that the petals and pods of EB are green, while those of PY have purple markings. The bulbs of EB contain significantly higher levels of sipeimine compared to those of PY. Metabolomic analysis identified 56 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs), with 23 upregulated and 33 downregulated in EB bulbs. Particularly, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and secoxyloganin may serve as distinctive DMs. These DMs were associated with 17 KEGG pathways, including pyrimidine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Differences in the length of the chloroplast genome were primarily observed in the large single-copy (LSC) region, with the largest variation in the trnH-GUC-psbA region. The placement of the trnH gene and the rps gene in proximity to the LSC/IRb boundary differs between EB and PY. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide valuable insights for the introduction and comprehensive development of wild F. taipaiensis from a scientific perspective. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Fritillaria , Genoma de Cloroplastos , Metaboloma , Fritillaria/genética , Fritillaria/metabolismo , Fritillaria/química , Fritillaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/genética , Cloroplastos/metabolismoRESUMO
Roasting is pivotal for enhancing the flavor of Wuyi rock tea (WRT). A study investigated a novel compound that enhances the umami taste of WRT. Metabolomics of Shuixian tea (SXT) and Rougui tea (RGT) under light roasting (LR), medium roasting (MR), and heavy roasting (HR) revealed significant differences in nonvolatiles compounds. Compared LR reducing sugars and amino acids notably decreased in MR and HR, with l-alanine declining by 69%. Taste-guided fractionation identified fraction II-B as having high umami and sweet intensities. A surprising taste enhancer, N-(1-carboxyethyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl) pyridinium-3-ol (alapyridaine), was discovered and identified. It formed via the Maillard reaction, positively correlated with roasting in SXT and RGT. Alapyridaine levels were highest in SXT among the five oolong teas. Roasting tea with glucose increased alapyridaine levels, while EGCG inhibited its formation. HR-WRT exhibited enhanced umami and sweet taste, highlighting alapyridaine's impact on WRT's flavor profile. The formation of alapyridaine during the roasting process provides new insights into the umami and sweet perception of oolong tea.
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Alanina/análogos & derivados , Reação de Maillard , Piridinas , Paladar , Alanina/química , CháRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on behavior, oxidative stress factors in colon and substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) mice, so as to explore the mechanism of EA in treating PD. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank, model and EA groups, with 12 mice in each group. The PD mouse model was established by continuous gavage of rotenone for 4 weeks. Mice in the EA group received EA (2 Hz/15 Hz) at "Baihui" (GV20), "Quchi" (LI11) and "Zusanli" (ST36) for 20 min, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. After intervention, gait analysis was used to evaluate the motor ability and motor coordination. Ink propulsion rate was used to evaluate the intestinal transport function. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the colon was detected by flow cytometry. The contents of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in colon and substantia nigra were detected by ELISA. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in substantia nigra was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the average speed, step rate, normal step ratio, distance between the front and hind feet, stride length, swing speed and maximum intensity of the maximum contact area of mice in the model group were decreased (P<0.000 1, P<0.01, P<0.001), the maximum change rate of gait was increased (P<0.001) in the model group. The intestinal propulsion rate, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in the colon and substantia nigra, and the positive expression of Nrf2 in substantia nigra were decreased (P<0.000 1, P<0.01, P<0.05), while the fluorescence intensity of ROS in the colon, the contents of MDA in colon and substantia nigra were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the average speed, step rate, normal step ratio, distance between the front and hind feet, stride length, swing speed, and maximum intensity of the maximum contact area of the mice in the EA group were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.000 1), the maximum change rate of gait was decreased (P<0.01). The intestinal propulsion rate, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in the colon and substantia nigra, the positive expression of Nrf2 in substantia nigra were increased (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.000 1), while the ROS fluorescence intensity in the colon, the MDA contents in the colon and substantia nigra were decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve the movement disorder, gait disorder and intestinal motor function of PD mice, and protect dopaminergic neurons from damage, which may be related to its effect in antagonistic brain-gut oxidative stress.
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Eletroacupuntura , Doença de Parkinson , Ratos , Camundongos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , AnticorposRESUMO
The phenomenon of microbial hitchhiking, where nonmotile microbes utilize transspecies motility to navigate within their environment, has been observed. However, the underlying factors driving microbial hitchhiking remain unclear. Our study explored how nitrogen fertilizers affect microbial hitchhiking in soil through an in situ planting experiment. We established twelve treatments encompassing the presence and absence of plants, the presence and absence of a filter membrane that is used to prevent hitchhiking, and three nitrogen levels. Results showed that nitrogen influenced bacterial diversity in all soils, an effect thwarted by filter membranes. In the presence of plants, nitrogen significantly affected the bacterial mobility, Bacillus abundance, and plant biomass, but these effects vanished when filters were used. The correlation between motile Bacillus and rhizosphere bacteria was strong without filters at the proper nitrogen levels but weakened with membrane treatments. Thus, plants and nitrogen together, not nitrogen alone, alter the soil microbiome via hitchhiking.
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Agricultura , Bacillus , Agricultura/métodos , Fertilizantes/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo , Bactérias/genética , Raízes de Plantas/química , RizosferaRESUMO
Lactate serves not merely as an energy substrate for skeletal muscle but also regulates myogenic differentiation, leading to an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The present study was focused on exploring the effects of lactate and ROS/p38 MAPK in promoting C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. Our results demonstrated that lactate increased C2C12 myoblasts differentiation at a range of physiological concentrations, accompanied by enhanced ROS contents. We used n-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) pretreatment and found that it delayed lactate-induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation by upregulating Myf5 expression on days 5 and 7 and lowering MyoD and MyoG expression. The finding implies that lactate accompanies ROS-dependent manner to promote C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Additionally, lactate significantly increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation to promote C2C12 cell differentiation, but pretreatment with SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) reduced lactate-induced C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. whereas lactate pretreatment with NAC inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation in C2C12 cells, demonstrating that lactate mediated ROS and regulated the p38 MAPK signalling pathway to promote C2C12 cell differentiation. In conclusion, our results suggest that the promotion of C2C12 myoblasts differentiation by lactate is dependent on ROS and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. These observations reveal a beneficial role for lactate in increasing myogenesis through ROS-sensitive mechanisms as well as providing new ideas regarding the positive impact of ROS in improving the function of skeletal muscle.
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Ácido Láctico , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Mioblastos/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction: The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum has been believed to possess a wide range of therapeutic effects. There are two main methods for artificial cultivation of G. lucidum to produce the fruiting body, namely wood log cultivation and substitute cultivation. The impact of cultivation substrates on the composition of bioactive compounds remains largely unexplored. This study aims to compare the antioxidant activities and triterpenoid profiles of the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum that cultivated through wood log cultivation (WGL) and substitute cultivation (SGL) methods. Methods: The antioxidant activities, including the DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, and total antioxidant activities, were assessed in both WGL and SGL samples. Furthermore, the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technique was employed to compare their phytochemical profiles, with a specific emphasis on triterpenoid constituents. Results and discussion: It was found that WGL samples exhibited significantly higher total triterpenoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach employing UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS tentatively identified a total of 96 triterpenoids. Distinguishingly different triterpenoid profiles between the two types of G. lucidum samples were revealed via the utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Specifically, 17 triterpenoids showed significant differences. Of these triterpenoids, 6 compounds, such as ganosporelactone B, ganoderol A, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid alpha, were significantly higher in SGL samples; 11 compounds, such as lucidenic acid A, lucidenic acid D1, lucidenic acid F, lucidenic acid G, lucidenic acid J, ganoderic acid E, and ganoderic acid O, were significantly higher in WGL samples. These findings expand our knowledge regarding the impact of cultivation substrate on the antioxidant activities and triterpenoid profiles of G. lucidum, and offer practical implications for its cultivation.
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The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth and development and stress resistance through the ABA receptor PYLs. To date, no interaction between CPK and PYL has been reported, even in Arabidopsis and rice. In this study, we found that MdCPK4 from Malus domestica (Md for short) interacts with two MdPYLs, MdPYL2/12, in the nucleus and the cytoplasm in vivo and phosphorylates the latter in vitro as well. Compared with the wild type (WT), the MdCPK4- or MdPYL2/12-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines showed more sensitivity to ABA, and therefore stronger drought resistance. The ABA-related genes (ABF1, ABF2, ABF4, RD29A and SnRK2.2) were significantly upregulated in the overexpressing (OE) lines after ABA treatment. These results indicate that MdCPK4 and MdPYL2/12 act as positive regulators in response to ABA-mediated drought resistance in apple. Our results reveal the relationship between MdCPK4 and MdPYL2/12 in ABA signaling, which will further enrich the molecular mechanism of drought resistance in plants.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Ácido Abscísico , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , SecasRESUMO
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent oral and maxillofacial cancer with high mortality as OSCC cells readily invade tissues and metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Although imatinib exhibits potential anticancer and remarkable clinical activities that therapeutically affect several cancer types, its specific impact on OSCC has yet to be fully explored. Therefore, this study investigated the potential anticancer effect of imatinib on OSCC cells and the underlying mechanisms. The Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to determine the impact of imatinib on cell viability. Then, morphological cell proliferation analysis was conducted to examine how imatinib impacted OSCC cell growth. Moreover, OSCC cell migration was determined through wound-healing assays, and colony formation abilities were investigated through the soft agar assay. Lastly, the effect of imatinib on OSCC cell apoptosis was verified with flow cytometry, and its inhibitory mechanism was confirmed through Western blot. Our results demonstrate that imatinib effectively inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and significantly curtailed OSCC cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, imatinib suppressed migration and colony formation while promoting OSCC cell apoptosis by enhancing p53, Bax, and PARP expression levels and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Imatinib also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and induced OSCC cell apoptosis, demonstrating the potential of imatinib as a treatment for oral cancer.
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Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with specific N-coordinated configurations immobilized on the carbon substrates have recently been verified to effectively alleviate the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium-sulfur (LiâS) batteries. Herein, a versatile molten salt (KCl/ZnCl2 )-mediated pyrolysis strategy is demonstrated to fabricate Zn SACs composed of well-defined Zn-N4 sites embedded into porous carbon sheets with rich pyridine-N defects (ZnâN/CS). The electrochemical kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations reveal the critical roles of Zn-N4 active sites and surrounding pyridine-N defects in enhancing adsorption toward LiPS intermediates and catalyzing their liquid-solid conversion. It is confirmed by reducing the overpotential of the rate-determining step of Li2 S2 to Li2 S and the energy barrier for Li2 S decomposition, thus the ZnâN/CS guarantees fast redox kinetics between LiPSs and Li2 S products. As a proof of concept demonstration, the assembled LiâS batteries with the ZnâN/CS-based sulfur cathode deliver a high specific capacity of 1132 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and remarkable capacity retention of 72.2% over 800 cycles at 2 C. Furthermore, a considerable areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm-2 at 0.2 C can still be released with a high sulfur loading of 7.0 mg cm-2 , highlighting the practical applications of the as-obtained ZnâN/CS cathode in LiâS batteries.
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Physical exercise has been shown to have an impact on memory and hippocampal function across different age groups. Nevertheless, the influence and mechanisms underlying how voluntary exercise during puberty affects memory are still inadequately comprehended. This research aims to examine the impacts of self-initiated physical activity throughout adolescence on spatial memory. Developing mice were exposed to a 4-wk voluntary wheel running exercise protocol, commencing at the age of 30 d. After engaging in voluntary wheel running exercise during development, there was an enhancement in spatial memory. Moreover, hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 neurons rather than CA1 neurons exhibited an increase in the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of NR2A/NR2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α1GABAA subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, as well as dendritic spine density, specifically within dentate gyrus and CA3 regions rather than CA1 region. The findings suggest that voluntary exercise during development can enhance spatial memory in mice by increasing synapse numbers and improving synaptic transmission in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions, but not in CA1 region. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying how early-life exercise improves cognitive function.
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Giro Denteado , Memória Espacial , Camundongos , Animais , Giro Denteado/metabolismo , Atividade Motora , Maturidade Sexual , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ferroptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in the substantia nigra of midbrain in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD), so as to explore its possible mechanisms in the treatment of PD. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank, model and EA groups, with 8 mice in each group. The PD model was established by continuous gavage of rotenone for 4 weeks. EA was applied at "Baihui" (GV20), "Quchi" (LI11) and "Zusanli" (ST36) for 20 min, once a day for 14 days, with 2-day rest after every 5-day treatment. The open field test was used to evaluate the residence time in the central area, ave-rage movement speed, and total distance of the open field. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression le-vels of divalent metal ion transporter 1 (DMT1), membrane ferroportin 1 (FPN1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), proapoptotic protein Bax, and anti apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the substantia nigra. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the morphological changes of neurons and the positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra of mice. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of modeling, compared with the blank group, the residence time in the central area, average speed and total distance of open field were significantly lower (P<0.000 1, P<0.01, P<0.001)ï¼the protein expression levels of DMT1 and Bax in the substantia nigra were increased (P<0.001, P<0.000 1), while the protein expression levels of FPN1, GPX4 and Bcl-2, and the optical density of TH+ cells in the substantia nigra were decreased (P<0.000 1, P<0.001) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the residence time in the central area, average speed, and total distance of the EA group were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05)ï¼the protein expression levels of DMT1 and Bax in the substantia nigra were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.001), while the protein expression levels of FPN1, GPX4, and Bcl-2, and the optical density of TH+ cells in the substantia nigra were increased (P<0.000 1, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EA has a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of midbrain in PD model mice, which may be related with its effect in regulating oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by ferroptosis.
Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura , Ferroptose , Doença de Parkinson , Ratos , Camundongos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ferroptose/genética , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The MeltPro TB assay (MeltPro) is a molecular rapid diagnostic test designed for detecting resistance to antituberculosis drugs. However, the performance of MeltPro as an initial diagnostic test for simultaneously detecting the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and drug resistance has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the performance of MeltPro as initial diagnostic test for simultaneous detection of MTB and drug resistance in clinical samples from patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1283 patients with presumptive PTB from two clinical centers, out of which 875 were diagnosed with PTB. The diagnostic accuracy of MeltPro, Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and MGIT 960 for PTB detection was evaluated. Rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance were detected using MeltPro, with Xpert and/or the broth microdilution plate method (MYCOTB) results as references. RESULTS: For the diagnosis of PTB, MeltPro showed a sensitivity of 69.0%, which was similar to Xpert (72.7%; P > 0.05) and higher than MGIT (58.1%; P < 0.001). The specificity of MeltPro was 97.1%, similar to Xpert (98.0%; P > 0.05). In smear-negative patients, MeltPro's sensitivity was 50.9%, similar to Xpert (56.5%; P > 0.05), and higher than MGIT (33.1%; P < 0.001). Based on Xpert and/or MYCOTB results, MeltPro exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 98.3% and 99.2%, respectively, for detecting RIF resistance. Based on MYCOTB results, MeltPro's sensitivity for detecting resistance to INH, EMB, STR, and FQ was 96.4%, 89.1%, 97.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, with specificities of 96.0%, 96.0%, 95.2%, and 99.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The MeltPro TB assay could potentially be an effective alternative as the initial test for rapid diagnosis of PTB with drug-resistance detection in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Rifampina/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of olfactory three-needle (OTN) electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of the olfactory system on cognitive dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, and the gut microbiota in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. METHODS: Thirty-six SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the SAMP8 (P8), SAMP8+OTN (P8-OT), and SAMP8+nerve transection+OTN (P8-N-OT) groups according to a random number table (n=12 per group), and 12 accelerated senescence-resistant (SAMR1) mice were used as the control (R1) group. EA was performed at the Yintang (GV 29) and bilateral Yingxiang (LI 20) acupoints of SAMP8 mice for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze test, transmission electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Nissl staining, Golgi staining, Western blot, and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the P8 group, OTN improved the cognitive behavior of SAMP8 mice, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal activity, and attenuated hippocampal synaptic dysfunction (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), NMDAR2B, synaptophysin (SYN), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) in hippocampus were increased by OTN treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, OTN greatly enhanced the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP-response element binding (CREB) signaling and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling compared with the P8 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, the neuroprotective effect of OTN was attenuated by olfactory nerve truncation. Compared with the P8 group, OTN had a very limited effect on the fecal microbial structure and composition of SAMP8 mice, while specifically increased the genera Oscillospira and Sutterella (P<0.05). Interestingly, the P8-N-OT group showed an abnormal fecal microbiota with higher microbial α-diversity, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and pathogenic bacteria (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: OTN improved cognitive deficits and hippocampal synaptic plasticity by stimulating the olfactory nerve and activating the BDNF/CREB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Although the gut microbiota was not the main therapeutic target of OTN for Alzheimer's disease, the olfactory nerve was essential to maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota.