Hyaluronic acid modified extracellular vesicles targeting hepatic stellate cells to attenuate hepatic fibrosis.

RATIONALE: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) plays a pivotal role in promoting hepatic fibrosis, pirfenidone (PFD) could inhibit TGF-ß1 signaling pathway to alleviate hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation mediated hepatic fibrosis. The targeting delivery strategy of PFD to hepatic stellate cells is a challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived membranous particles are intraluminal nano-vesicles that play a vital role in intercellular communication, they also be considered as an ideal nano-carrier. METHODS: In this study, we developed a target strategy to deliver PFD to HSC with CD44 over-expression by EVs, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified DSPE-PEG2000 endows the active targeting ability of activated HSCs to PFD-loaded EVs. RESULTS: In both rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 and rat hepatocyte cell line BRL, HA@EVs-PFD demonstrated the capacity to down-regulate the expression of collagen-synthesis-related proteins and showed superior inhibition efficacy of HSC-T6 activation compared to free PFD. In hepatic fibrosis model, 4 weeks of HA@EVs-PFD treatment resulted in a reduction in liver collagen fibers, significant improvement in hepatic cell morphology, and amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: HA@EVs-PFD, as a drug delivery system that effectively targets and inhibits activated HSCs to treat hepatic fibrosis, holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.

Friend or foe: The role of stress granule in neurodegenerative disease.

Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic membraneless organelles that form in response to cellular stress. SGs are predominantly composed of RNA and RNA-binding proteins that assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. Although the formation of SGs is considered a transient and protective response to cellular stress, their dysregulation or persistence may contribute to various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SG physiology and pathology. It covers the formation, composition, regulation, and functions of SGs, along with their crosstalk with other membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Furthermore, this review discusses the dual roles of SGs as both friends and foes in neurodegenerative diseases and explores potential therapeutic approaches targeting SGs. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. A more profound comprehension of the intricate relationship between SGs and neurodegenerative diseases could inspire the development of innovative therapeutic interventions against these devastating diseases.

Relationship between perceived social support and mental health among Chinese college football athletes: a moderated mediation model.

Previous researches have confirmed that perceived social support has a profound effect on individuals' mental health. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of perceived social support on mental health of college athletes are still largely unknown, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived social support and mental health in college football athletes, and to evaluate whether hopelessness and psychological pressure affected this relationship. A sample of 672 Chinese college football athletes (37.9% girls; Mage = 20.43 years; SDage = 1.68) were investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Surveys were voluntary and anonymous. The findings revealed that, after adjusting for demographic factors, hopelessness mediated the relationship between Chinese college football athletes' perceived social support and their mental health. Furthermore, psychological pressure moderated the negative association between perceived social support and hopelessness, and the association was stronger for them with high-level psychological pressure. These results underline the need for focused strategies in the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among Chinese college football athletes.

Exploring the relationship between distress rumination, resilience, depression, and self-injurious behaviors among Chinese college athletes infected with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Distress rumination is a cause of suicidality and self-injurious behavior (SSIB) among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that distress rumination, SSIB, resilience, and depression are significantly related, the interaction mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate resilience and depression as mediators of the relationship between distress rumination and SSIB among Chinese college athletes infected with COVID-19. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the National College Football Championship in Guangxi City, China from January to February 2023. Participants completed the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), a subscale of the Health-Risk Behavior Inventory (HBI), the Mental Toughness Index (MTI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to determine the mediating effect of resilience and depression between distress rumination and SSIB. Results: A total of 350 Chinese college athletes participated in this study and completed the questionnaire survey. 289 (81.7% boys; Mage = 20.31 years, SD = 1.60) of them have been infected with COVID-19. 59.9% (n = 173) participants were from urban areas and 15.6% (n = 45) of participants have engaged in self-injurious behaviors or suicidal ideation. College athletes' distress rumination was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (r = - 0.28, p < 0.01), and was significantly positively correlated with depression (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and SSIB (r = - 0.18, p < 0.01). Resilience was significantly negatively correlated with depression (r = - 0.35, p < 0.01) and SSIB (r = - 0.30, p < 0.01). Finally, depression was significantly positively correlated with SSIB (r = - 0.38, p < 0.01). Resilience and depression played a mediating role of the total effects of distress rumination and SSIB, respectively. Meanwhile, the chain mediating effect of resilience and depression was also significant. Conclusion: This study found that distress rumination can directly predict SSIB, and indirectly predict SSIB through the mediating effect of resilience and depression, and the chain mediating effect of resilience-depression. Therefore, reducing the degree of distress rumination of college athletes infected by COVID-19 and improving their resilience, as well as reducing their depression may help prevent SSIB.

Study on the Role of Mitophagy Receptor PHB2 in Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of Hyriopsis cumingii.

In bivalves, the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and its unique mode of transmission have been the focus of attention, which is called doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI). Prohibitin-2 (phb2) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a key mitophagy receptor for parental mitochondrial removal. Hyriopsis cumingii is a freshwater bivalve in China, the full-length cDNA of H. cumingii phb2 (named Hcphb2) is 2917 bp and encodes a total of 300 amino acids, a highly conserved sequence. Hcphb2 was highly expressed in the ovary. In the gonadal tissues of 5- to 8-month-old female mussels, the expression level of Hcphb2 continued to significantly increase. After Hcphb2 siRNA interference in 6-month-old female mussels, the expression of M-COII, a marker gene on M-type mitochondria, showed a considerable increase (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of autophagosome formation and maturation-related genes, atg4b, atg5, atg12, and atg16l, in the ATG family genes was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Subcellular localization showed that Hcphb2 appeared in spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and sperm, and its location changes synchronize with the behavior of M-type mitochondria location changes in DUI species. And it was found that miR-184 negatively regulated Hcphb2. The above results suggest that the mitochondrial autophagy receptor gene Hcphb2 may be associated with the degradation of M-type mitochondria in the freshwater mussel. This process requires multiple genes to participate, of which Hcphb2 and autophagy genes are only some of those that may play a role.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health in Chinese College Athletes during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Basic Psychological Needs and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Psychological issues have a complex and multidimensional impact on a college athlete's training and performance. As the reserve talent of competitive sports, it is very important to investigate the psychological health of athletes. This study aims to explore the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), basic psychological needs (BPN), and mental health (MH) among Chinese college athletes. Chinese college athletes who were willing to participate in the study, had participated in national competitions, and had a Chinese athlete rating certificate were included in this study. Participants completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S). The study involved 665 college athletes (415 males and 250 females), with an average age of 20.43 years (SD = 1.68). We performed descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and moderated chain mediation analyses using SPSS 22.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro. The results of the final model showed that basic psychological needs were positively correlated with mental health (r = 0.443, p < 0.001), while PTSD (r = -0.346, p < 0.001) and generalized anxiety disorder (r = -0.527, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with mental health among college athletes. There were significant indirect impacts. According to the bootstrapping results, basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder played a mediating role in 22.54% and 50.29% of the total effects of PTSD on mental health, respectively. Meanwhile, the chain mediating effect of basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder (7.23%) was also significant. The study's findings advance our understanding of the connections between PTSD and mental health and highlight the significant roles played by basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder in that link among Chinese college athletes.

Associations among Distress Rumination, Somatic Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese College Students - Shandong Province, China, 2019-2020.

What is already known about this topic?: The literature has consistently demonstrated that distress rumination following a traumatic event has significant implications for mental health. However, the potential association between distress rumination and suicidality, as well as the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship, remains to be elucidated. What is added by this report?: The current study demonstrated a significant, positive correlation between distress rumination and suicidal ideation in college students who have encountered traumatic events. The findings indicate that somatic anxiety serves as a mediator between distress rumination and suicidal ideation. What are the implications for public health practice?: Interventions aimed at reducing somatic anxiety may contribute to a decrease in suicidal ideation. Assessing and addressing somatic anxiety symptoms in college students experiencing distressful rumination following traumatic events could potentially lower the risk of suicide.

Identification and Characterization of C-Mos in Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and Its Role in Gonadal Development.

C-Mos, a proto-oncogene, regulates oocyte maturation by activating the classical MAPK pathway in cells. To examine the function of C-Mos in Hyriopsis cumingii, C-Mos was identified in this study. The full-length cDNA of C-Mos was 2213 bp, including 144 bp in the 5' UTR, 923 bp in 3' the UTR, and 1146 bp in the open reading frame (ORF) region. During early gonad development, the expression of C-Mos from 4 to 6 months of age in H. cumingii was significantly higher than that in other months, with the highest expression in 6-month-old H. cumingii, suggesting that C-Mos may be involved in early gonadal development in H. cumingii. Clear hybridization signals were found by in situ hybridization in the oocytes, oocyte nucleus and oogonium, and a small number of hybridization signals were found in the follicular wall of the male gonads. In addition, the C-Mos RNA interference (RNAi) assay results showed that the knockdown of C-Mos caused a down-regulation of ERK and P90rsk. In summary, these results indicate that C-Mos has a crucial part to play in gonadal development in H. cumingii.

The protective role of vitamin C on intestinal damage induced by high-dose glycinin in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski.

This study was to evaluate the mitigative effects of vitamin C (VC) on growth inhibition and intestinal damage induced by glycinin in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski. 270 healthy juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski (4.65 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, and fed with control diet, 80 g/kg glycinin diet and 80 g/kg glycinin+200 mg/kg VC diet respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that glycinin significantly decreased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, feed efficiency rate and feeding rate of fish compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while VC supplementation improved the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency, and reached a level similar to the control group. Similarly, VC significantly increased the crude protein content of muscle and whole-body, and hepatopancreas and intestinal protease activities of fish fed with glycinin diet (P < 0.05). The distal intestine of fish in glycinin group showed typical damage characteristics, including breakage and atrophy of intestinal mucosal fold, and increased intestinal mucosal permeability. However, fish fed the glycinin + VC diet showed an unimpaired normal intestinal morphology. Usefully, VC supplementation could also restore impaired immune function and antioxidant capacity. VC down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß in the distal intestine of fish fed with glycinin. Furthermore, glycinin exposure could reduce the mRNA levels of HO-1, CAT and GPx by inhibiting the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, while VC supplementation reversed this phenomenon and maintained the homeostasis of antioxidant defense system. Concluded, glycinin causes growth inhibition, digestive dysfunction and intestinal damage of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski, while sufficient VC intake is beneficial for fish to resist the adverse effects of glycinin.

The Association between Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Chinese Soccer Referees in the Early Stage of Reopening Soccer Matches during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: A Moderated Mediation Model.

BACKGROUND: The sudden and unpredictable changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are a serious threat to the occupational stress and mental health of referees worldwide, which has not attracted widespread attention. The mental health of football referees has a certain influence on their job satisfaction or the accuracy of judgments. METHODS: This study constructed a moderated mediation model to explore the buffer factors between occupational stress and mental health in Chinese soccer referees in the early stage of reopening soccer matches during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Data from 317 Chinese soccer referees (aged 19-45) were collected through an online questionnaire in September-October 2022. Occupational stress, mental health, job burnout and perceived social support were measured, and moderated mediation model was analyzed. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that occupational stress was negatively correlated with mental health through the mediating effect of job burnout and the moderated effect of perceived social support after controlling for demographic variables. Specifically, the association between occupational stress and mental health was weaker when perceived social support was higher and stronger. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that job burnout and perceived social support played important roles in buffering the negative effects of occupational stress on the mental health of Chinese soccer referees in the early stage of reopening soccer matches during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The findings provide implications for mental health interventions in soccer referees during the public health crises.

The effect of the perceived social support on mental health of Chinese college soccer players during the COVID-19 lockdown: The chain mediating role of athlete burnout and hopelessness.

The isolation and blockade during the COVID-19 pandemic have a great impact on the mental health of Chinese college soccer players. This study aimed to explore the effect of perceived social support on mental health of college soccer players, as well as the mediating role of athlete burnout and hopelessness during the COVID-19 lockdown. Based on a sample of 674 college soccer players from several universities in China, the study used the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The results indicated that: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (2) the athlete burnout played a mediating role between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (3) the hopelessness also played a mediating role between perceived social support and mental health of college soccer players; (4) the athlete burnout and hopelessness played a chain mediating role between perceived social support and mental health. These findings could contribute to insight into the mechanisms by which perceived social support affects the mental health of college soccer players and provide important practical guidance for protecting and promoting their mental health.

Identification and Functional Analysis of MAPKAPK2 in Hyriopsis cumingii.

MAPKAPK2 (MK2) is an important regulator of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway, which is involved in a plethora of cellular processes concluding the development of gamete cells in meiosis and resisting pathogenic bacterial infestation. Hyriopsis cumingii is a significant mussel resource in China and a good material for pearl breeding. To explore the role of MK2 in H. cumingii, MK2 was identified and cloned, whose full-length cDNA was 1568 bp, including 87 bp in 5' UTR, 398 bp in 3' UTR, and 1083 bp in the open reading frame (ORF) region, encoding 360 amino acids. The expression of MK2 was the highest in the gills. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the gonads. After Aeromonas hydrophila and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infestation, the transcript level of the MK2 was upregulated in the gills. It indicated that MK2 might be involved in the innate immune response of H. cumingii after a pathogenic attack. After quantifying H. cumingii of different ages, it was found that the expression of MK2 was highest at 1 year old. In situ hybridization (ISH) results showed that the blue-purple hybridization signal was very significant in the oocytes and egg membranes of the female gonads of H. cumingii. The expression of MK2 increased gradually at the age of 1 to 5 months and showed a downward trend at the age of 5 to 8 months. It was suggested that MK2 might play an important role in the formation of primitive germ cells in H. cumingii. To sum up, MK2 might not only be involved in the immune response against pathogenic bacterial infection but also might play an important role in the development of the gonads in H. cumingii.

Taurine can improve intestinal function and integrity in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski fed high-dose glycinin.

The present study evaluated the protective effect and the regulatory mechanism of taurine on growth inhibition and intestinal damage induced by glycinin in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski. The control diets had no glycinin and taurine, the glycinin diets contained only 80 g/kg glycinin, and the glycinin + taurine diets contained 80 g/kg glycinin+10 g/kg taurine. Juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski (4.65 ± 0.03 g/tail) were respectively fed with these 3 diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that glycinin significantly decreased the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, feed efficiency rate and feeding rate of fish compared with the control group (P < 0.05). While taurine supplementation improved the growth performance and feed efficiency, but final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate of the glycinin + taurine group were still significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the glycinin group, taurine supplementation significantly increased whole-body and muscle crude protein content, and hepatopancreas and intestinal protease activities (P < 0.05). Distal intestinal villous dysplasia and mucosal damage, and increased intestinal mucosal permeability were observed in the glycinin group, while taurine supplementation alleviated these adverse effects. Usefully, taurine supplementation could also partially restore the impaired immune function and antioxidant capacity of fish fed glycinin diets. Compared with the glycinin group, taurine supplementation down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß mRNA levels, and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß mRNA levels. Furthermore, taurine partially reversed the reduction of antioxidant genes Nrf2、HO-1, CAT and GPx mRNA levels in distal intestine induced by glycinin. Concluded, 80 g/kg glycinin led to intestinal damage, digestive dysfunction and increased intestinal mucosal permeability in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski, and these adverse effects were ultimately manifested in growth inhibition. But taurine supplementation could partially mitigate the negative effects induced by glycinin.

The Relationship Between Negative Focused Disposition and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students: The Mediating Effects of Somatic Anxiety, General Distress, and Depression.

Objective: Suicide among college students is a major public health problem. Research has confirmed that negative focused disposition had a significant effect on suicidal ideation. This study aims to evaluate somatic anxiety, general distress and depression as mediators of the relationship between negative focused disposition and suicidal ideation. Methods: A total of 1798 college students (942 males) were recruited to complete measures of negative focused disposition, somatic anxiety, general distress, positive affect and suicidal ideation. The mediation models were conducted to assess the mediating effects of somatic anxiety, general distress and depression. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between negative focused disposition and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. On mediation analysis, somatic anxiety, general distress and depression mediated the relationship between negative focused disposition and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Negative focused disposition appears to directedly associate with suicidal ideation and can indirectly relate to suicidal ideation through the relation with somatic anxiety, general distress and depression. College students with few positive expectations of the future may benefit from interventions focusing on somatic anxiety, general distress and depression.

Relationship Between Physical Activity, Parental Psychological Control, Basic Psychological Needs, Anxiety, and Mental Health in Chinese Engineering College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The issue of mental health among college students is of increasing concern during the COVID-19 outbreak. Since course characteristics of engineering college students determine the particularities of their mental health, the specific objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relationship between physical activity, parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and mental health in Chinese engineering college students during COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) to examine the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted among several universities in Shandong Province, China. We randomly selected 254 Chinese engineering college students from these colleges. Participants who were given questionnaires completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Parental psychological control Questionnaire, the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the Kessler 10 (K10) scale. The mediation model was conducted to assess the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. Among 254 Chinese college students majoring in engineering, the results showed that their mental health was in the mid-level range. Besides, physical activity and basic psychological needs is positively correlated with mental health, respectively, while parental psychological control is not correlated with mental health. Anxiety is negatively associated with mental health. Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety played a mediation role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and mental health. In conclusion, mental health of Chinese engineering college students deserves extensive attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper intervention on physical activity, basic psychological needs, and anxiety may be beneficial to improve their mental health. In addition, meeting basic psychological needs is beneficial to reduce anxiety and improve mental health further.

A deep learning approach for medical waste classification.

As the demand for health grows, the increase in medical waste generation is gradually outstripping the load. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for identification and classification of medical waste. Deep learning is currently the most popular technique in image classification, but its need for large amounts of data limits its usage. In this scenario, we propose a deep learning-based classification method, in which ResNeXt is a suitable deep neural network for practical implementation, followed by transfer learning methods to improve classification results. We pay special attention to the problem of medical waste classification, which needs to be solved urgently in the current environmental protection context. We applied the technique to 3480 images and succeeded in correctly identifying 8 kinds of medical waste with an accuracy of 97.2%; the average F1-score of five-fold cross-validation was 97.2%. This study provided a deep learning-based method for automatic detection and classification of 8 kinds of medical waste with high accuracy and average precision. We believe that the power of artificial intelligence could be harnessed in products that would facilitate medical waste classification and could become widely available throughout China.

The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress and Academic Procrastination between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Depressive symptoms, a prevalent mood illness, significantly harm college students' physical and mental health. Individuals have experienced some degree of psychological harm as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking this into account, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating roles of perceived stress and academic procrastination. A total of 586 college students were subjected to the Physical Activity Scale (PARS-3), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Findings from this research demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress, academic procrastination, and depressive symptoms, while PA was significantly negatively correlated with perceived stress, academic procrastination, and depressive symptoms. The results of the chain mediation analysis showed that PA had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms. Perceived stress, academic procrastination, and perceived stress-academic procrastination had significant mediating and chain mediating effects on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, PA among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic affects their depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through the independent mediating effect of perceived stress and academic procrastination, as well as the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and academic procrastination.

The Effect of Yoga Meditation Practice on Young Adults' Inhibitory Control: An fNIRS Study.

Objectives: The present study aimed to test the effect of yoga meditation (YoMed) practice on inhibitory control of young adults. Methods: A total of 50 participants (23 male, 21-28 years old) from a university in Jinan, Shandong Province were enrolled in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a YoMed group or a Control group. Participants' basic information, physical activity, and inhibitory control were measured. A multi-channel continuous-wave near-infrared spectrometer was used to monitor the brain's hemodynamic responses. Results: After the intervention, we found significant differences in Flanker tasks between the YoMed group and Control group. The accuracy in the YoMed group was higher than those in the Control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of fNIRS data showed that oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) increased in the YoMed group during the Flanker tasks after the YoMed intervention. Conclusion: YoMed has a temporarily promoting effect on the brain activation of young adults. It is an effective and appropriate exercise to improve the inhibitory control of young adults.

Physical Activity and Resilience among College Students: The Mediating Effects of Basic Psychological Needs.

Considering the significance of resilience in coping with adversity, how to improve college students' resilience is worthy of attention. Previous studies have revealed that physical activity can promote resilience; however, few studies examined the mediating factors between them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on resilience, as well as the mediating effects of competence need, autonomy need, and relatedness need between physical activity and resilience. The study involved 2375 college students (1110 males and 1265 females), with an average age of 20.25 years (SD = 2.04). Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results showed that physical activity was positively associated with resilience, and the three basic needs played significant mediating roles between physical activity and resilience. The indirect effect of competence need was significantly greater than that of autonomy need and relatedness need. To conclude, physical activity plays an important role in resilience among college students, and the satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness needs mediates the relationship between physical activity and resilience, among which, competence need appears as the strongest mediator.