Photo-Responsive Dynamic Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Based on a Functional Unit Combination Strategy.

A rational molecular design strategy facilitates the development of a purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) material system with precisely regulated luminescence properties, which surely promotes its functional integration and intelligent application. Here, a functional unit combination strategy is proposed to design novel RTP molecules combining a folding unit with diverse luminescent cores. The different luminescent cores are mainly responsible for tunable RTP properties, while the folding unit contributes to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) enhancement, which makes the RTP material design as workable as the building block principle. By this strategy, a series of color/lifetime-tunable RTP materials is achieved with unique photo-responsive RTP enhancement when subjected to UV irradiation, which expands their application scenarios in reusable privacy tags, advanced "4D" encryption, and phase separation analysis of blended polymers. This work suggests a simple and effective strategy to design purely organic RTP materials with tunable color and lifetime, and also provides new application options for photo-responsive dynamic RTP materials.

A functional unit combination strategy for enhancing red room-temperature phosphorescence.

Red room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials based on non-metallic organic compounds are less reported compared to the commonly found green RTP materials. Here, we propose a novel approach to obtain red RTP materials by integrating and combining two functional units, resembling a jigsaw puzzle. In this approach, benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole (BZT) serves as the red RTP unit, while a folding unit containing sulphur/oxygen is responsible for enhancing spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to accelerate the intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Three new molecules (SS-BZT, SO-BZT, and OO-BZT) were designed and synthesized, among which SS-BZT and SO-BZT with folded geometries demonstrate enhanced red RTP in their monodisperse films compared to the parent BZT. Meanwhile, the SS-BZT film shows a dual emission consisting of blue fluorescence and red RTP, with a significant spectral separation of approximately 150 nm, which makes the SS-BZT film highly suitable for applications in optical oxygen sensing and ratiometric detection. Within the oxygen concentration range of 0-1.31%, the SS-BZT film demonstrates a quenching constant of 2.66 kPa-1 and a quenching efficiency of 94.24%, indicating that this probe has the potential to accurately detect oxygen in a hypoxic environment.

Multimodal integrated intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of more than 5%. Despite extensive research on ADHD in the last 10 to 20 years, effective treat-ments are still lacking. Instead, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD remains challenging for clinicians. AIM: To investigate the effects of a multimodal integrated intervention for children with ADHD. METHODS: Between March 2019 and September 2020, a total of 100 children with ADHD who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital were assessed for eligibility, two of whom revoked their consent. A case-control study was conducted in which the children were equally assigned, using a randomized number table, to either a medication group (methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and atomoxetine hydrochloride tablets) or a multimodal integrated intervention group (medication + parent training + behavior modification + sensory integration therapy + sand tray therapy), with 49 patients in each group. The clinical endpoint was the efficacy of the different intervention modalities. RESULTS: The two groups of children with ADHD had comparable patient characteristics (P > 0.05). Multimodal integrated intervention resulted in a significantly higher treatment efficacy (91.84%) than medication alone (75.51%) (P < 0.05). Children who received the multimodal integrated intervention showed lower scores in the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale than those treated with medication alone (P < 0.05). The Sensory Integration Scale scores of children in the multimodal integrated intervention group were higher than those of children in the medication group (P < 0.05). Children who received the multimodal integrated intervention had higher compliance and family satisfaction and a lower incidence of adverse events than those treated with medication alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multimodal integrated intervention effectively alleviated symptoms associated with ADHD in children. It enhanced their memory and attention with high safety and parental satisfaction, demonstrating good potential for clinical promotion.

Effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and sleep disturbances, and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients' social functioning. AIM: To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD. METHODS: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group (methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride) or the non-pharmacological group (parental training, behavior modification, sensory integration therapy, and sand tray therapy), with 45 cases in each group. Outcome measures included treatment compliance, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV) scores, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) scores, and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) scores. RESULTS: The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients (95.56%) compared with medication (71.11%) (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores, in addition to the learning/school, social activities, and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family, daily life skills, and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions, in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after long-term medication, improve patient treatment compliance, alleviate patients' behavioral symptoms of attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, and improve their cognitive ability, thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.