Dereplication and evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract of leaves from Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg.

Campomanesia xanthocarpa popularly known as gabiroba is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, ulcers, among other uses, requiring studies to assist in proving these activities. In this study, the extract of leaves from C. xanthocarpa (CxHE) was submitted to assays of formalin-induced paw-licking, peritonitis induced by lipopolysaccharide and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia tests. In chemical analysis, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the determination of phenol and flavonoid content were carried out, in addition to analysis by ESI-MS/MS system and HPLC-DAD system. The CxHE presented compounds such as tannins, triterpenoids, steroids and saponins and content of phenols (35.9 ± 1.3 GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (23.3 ± 2.1 mg EQ/g extract). Protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, quercetin, and 3-methyl epigallocatechin gallate, alpha and beta-amyrins were identified. CxHE at doses of 10-1000 mg/kg p.o. demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in all in vivo assays employed in this study. [Figure: see text].

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Four Amazonian Byrsonima Species.

Species of the Byrsonima genus are widely used in Brazil, especially for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, species from the Amazonian region are still poorly studied. Thus, we studied the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of for Amazonian species, Byrsonima crispa, Byrsonima duckeana, Byrsonima garcibarrigae, and Byrsonima incarnata. Phenolic composition was determined by chemical and chromatographic methods. The aqueous extracts were evaluated in DPPH• , ABTS+• , and superoxide (O2•- ) tests, LPS-activated macrophage assay, and formalin test. All species contained a high phenolic and flavonoid content. We identified 15 phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and catechins. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity and were more active than quercetin at inhibiting nitric oxide release in the LPS-activated macrophage assay. B. duckeana and B. garcibarrigae showed higher in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. B. garcibarrigae presented significant effect on the early phase of the formalin test, pointing to an antinociceptive mechanism distinct from traditional anti-inflammatory medicines. In conclusion, the pharmacological potential of these species is closely related to their flavonoid-rich chemical composition, which seems to act through antioxidant mechanisms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae).

Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL) and ethyl acetate (FEA) fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg-1) showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids.