RESUMO
The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious global public health issue. Since the start of the outbreak, the importance of hand-hygiene and respiratory protection to prevent the spread of the virus has been the prime focus for infection control. Health regulatory organisations have produced guidelines for the formulation of hand sanitisers to the manufacturing industries. This review summarises the studies on alcohol-based hand sanitisers and their disinfectant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. The literature shows that the type and concentration of alcohol, formulation and nature of product, presence of excipients, applied volume, contact time and viral contamination load are critical factors that determine the effectiveness of hand sanitisers.
Assuntos
Álcoois/química , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Higienizadores de Mão/química , Higienizadores de Mão/normas , Álcoois/farmacologia , Betacoronavirus/química , COVID-19 , Coronavirus/química , Coronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Higienizadores de Mão/farmacologia , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The design of novel anticancer agents based on the combretastatins, a group of antimitotic agents isolated from the bark of the South African willow tree Combretum caffrum Kuntz, is of considerable contemporary interest. Combretastatin A-4, the most active compound in the group, due to its unique dual features of antitubulin and antivascular properties, has drawn significant attention of medicinal chemists for the design of analogues as novel antitumor agents. To date, 252 references have been published since 1982 and 187 references have been published since 1998 related to combretastatins research. The 102 references related to chemistry efforts can be classified into three different categories including one-atom, two-atom, and three-atom bridgeheads as linker between two aryl rings of combretastatins. This review will particularly elucidate the rationale and strategic tactics towards the development of novel classes of antimitotic agents, based upon combretastatin A-4 as a promising lead.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Bibenzilas/síntese química , Desenho de Fármacos , Estilbenos/síntese química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Bibenzilas/farmacologia , Bibenzilas/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Estilbenos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The results of auditory brainstem evoked responses in 25 subjects of presbyacusis are compared with 25 age and sex matched controls. Absolute latent periods of wave I through V were significantly prolonged in presbyacusis group. Delayed wave I and no significant change in interwave interval latencies of I-V, III-V and mild shortening of interwave interval of I-III in presbyacusis is observed.
