Qualitative exploration of sexual dysfunction and associated coping strategies among Iranian prostate cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the experiences of prostate cancer survivors regarding their sexual life and related issues remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore sexual dysfunction and associated coping strategies among Iranian prostate cancer survivors. METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken. Participants were 15 Iranian prostate cancer survivors chosen using purposeful sampling. Data collection involved conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by the utilization of the conventional qualitative content analysis method for data analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were developed: (a) suspension of sexual life-treatment for prostate cancer significantly impacted participants' sexual lives; (b) emotional resilience and psychological coping strategies-various psychological strategies were used to tackle sexual dysfunction; (c) efforts to regain sexual function-several strategies were applied to enhance sexual performance. CONCLUSION: Our study findings provide insights into the experiences of prostate cancer survivors and subsequent shifts in their sexual dynamics and coping with the disease. Healthcare providers should actively identify patients' concerns and develop culturally tailored care strategies to address sexual challenges and improve coping among prostate cancer survivors.

The Renin-Angiotensin System Involvement in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Overview of Physiological and Pathological Mechanisms-A Systematic Review.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a highly potent chemotherapy drug. But its nephrotoxicity poses a significant limitation to its use. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed to play a role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This systematic review (SR) sought to identify the link between CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and the RAS pathway. In this SR, relevant keywords were employed to explore databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier), and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science up to October 2023. Nine studies were selected based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The findings support the involvement of the RAS in the CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity model, along with the activation of inflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation, and changes in markers of kidney tissue damage. Furthermore, physiology and pathology of RAS-related interventions in CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity models have involved the factors such as human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2), organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 (OATP1B1) and 1B3, kallikrein-kinin system, and bradykinin receptors. CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity has been found to be substantially influenced by both classic and nonclassic RAS axes. Angiotensin II exacerbates renal damage induced by CDDP. Conversely, inhibiting the pressor arm of RAS in males mitigates this damage. However, activation of the renal vasodepressor arm of RAS exacerbates CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in females. These findings underscore gender differences in renal function and response to RAS-related interventions in the presence of CDDP. This SR provides insights into both beneficial and adverse interventions associated with RAS in the CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, offering valuable considerations for researchers and clinicians.

Harmony in hardship: Unveiling parental coping strategies with the challenges of child's hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

PURPOSE: Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) profoundly affects various dimensions of parents' lives. Effective coping strategies are essential for improving psychological well-being and overall quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to explore parental coping strategies with their child's HSCT challenges. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in Iran from February to November 2023, utilizing conventional content analysis with purposive sampling. For data collection, unstructured interviews were conducted, followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Saturation was reached after analyzing qualitative data from 20 participants. RESULTS: Data analysis unveiled a main theme labeled "harmony in hardship". This overarching concept encapsulates the participants' endeavors to cope with the various hurdles and complexities stemming from their child's HSCT. This theme consisted of five categories: "emotional release", "positive coping", "avoidance coping", "spiritual coping", and "seeking support". CONCLUSION: Parents utilized multifaceted coping strategies to manage the complexities of their child's HSCT journey. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial as they can positively influence parents' psychological well-being and improve their overall quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals should recognize the diverse coping strategies employed by parents of children undergoing HSCT and provide tailored interventions and support. Furthermore, implementing structured support programs and training initiatives for healthcare professionals can enhance their capacity to meet the diverse needs of parents during this challenging journey.

Parents' experiences of living with a child with cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a qualitative content analysis study.

Objectives: Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) profoundly impacts the physical, psychological, and social aspects of parents' lives. Thus, this study aimed to explore the experiences of parents living with a child with cancer who undergoes HSCT. Methods: This qualitative study involved 20 parents of children with cancer who were undergoing HSCT at a referral hospital in Iran. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants from February 2023 to November 2023. In-depth semi-structured interviews, featuring open-ended questions, were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed two main themes. "Surrounded by hardships" and "Self-actualization." The first theme encompassed participants' experiences of facing difficulties in life after being aware of their child's need for HSCT. This theme consisted of four categories: "uncertainty about the child's future," "exhaustion from the child's treatment process," "worrying about the healthy child(ren)," and "helplessness." The second theme "self-actualization" included with two categories: "transformation in life's philosophy" and "acquisition of new capabilities." These categories highlighted the positive outcomes experienced by the participants following their child's HSCT. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of healthcare providers being attuned to parents' experiences throughout their child's HSCT trajectory. It is crucial for healthcare providers to encourage parents to articulate their concerns and feelings and seek support from healthcare providers, family, and friends. The development of psychological support services in healthcare settings can facilitate tailored interventions to alleviate parents' difficulties.

Nursing students' experiences of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sudden transition to virtual learning led to several challenges for nursing students. This study aimed to synthesis nursing students' experiences of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONTENT: A meta-synthesis of qualitative articles were conducted. Three online databases were searched from December 2019 to December 2022. Qualitative studies and qualitative sections of mixed method studies were included. SUMMARY: Twenty-four qualitative studies and seven mixed-method studies were included in the review. The findings consisted of one main theme "educational transformation", and three categories "challenging face-to-face clinical training", "transition from face-to-face to virtual education", and "support continua". The evidence indicated that during this health-related crisis, most of the training was provided as distance learning in various forms. According to the findings, distance education alone cannot replace face-to-face education and is suggested to be considered as a supplementary learning method. OUTLOOK: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of nursing students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering practical implications for educators and institutions globally. The lessons learned can inform strategic decisions, policies, and practices to enhance the resilience and adaptability of nursing education in the face of unforeseen challenges.

The effect of increasing duration of family members' presence on sleep status in patients with acute coronary syndrome in cardiac care unit: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To investigate the effect of increasing duration of family members' presence on sleep status in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted to the cardiac care unit. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Ninety patients with ACS randomly assigned into two groups. No intervention was performed in control group. In the intervention group, the time of family members presence was changed from 1 h per day to 2 h per day from the second to the fourth day. Then, ST Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was completed by the patients every day during the study. RESULTS: The patients in the intervention group had statistically significantly better sleep status during the course of intervention compared to the control group. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The increasing duration of family members' presence can improve the sleep quality and quantity of ACS patients.

A concept analysis of transitional care for people with cancer.

AIM: Transitional care as the journey between different caregivers in multiple healthcare centres is crucial for the provision of care to people with cancer, but it is often complex and poorly coordinated. This study aimed to analyse the concept of transitional care for people with cancer. DESIGN: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on the databases of PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science to retrieve articles published between 2000 and 2022. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eligible articles were selected and their findings were classified in terms of related concepts and alternative terms, antecedents, attributes and consequences. Attributes included three main categories, namely 'nurse-related attributes', 'organisation-related attributes' and 'patient-related attributes'. Antecedents of transitional care for people with cancer were categorized into two main categories: 'patient-related antecedents' and 'caregiver-related antecedents'. Consequences were categorized into 'psychological consequences' and 'objective consequences'.

The effect of hospital-to-home transitional care using a digital messaging application on the health outcomes of patients undergoing CABG and their family caregivers: a randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Objectives: Given the increasing trend of care transition from healthcare settings to patients' own home, patients and their family caregivers should take more responsibilities for care at own home. This study is going to investigate the effect of a transitional care program from hospital to own home using a digital messaging application on patients' undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and their family caregivers' health outcomes. Methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial study will be conducted in a hospital in a metropolis located in southwestern Iran. Sampling will be performed sequentially and the eligible dyad of patients and family caregivers will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive a transitional care program for 8 weeks using the WhatsApp on the mobile phone based on the person-centered care approach, but the control group will receive routine care for patient's transition. Data collection will be conducted at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and two months after the intervention using demographic questionnaire, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (MNHD-Q), Cardiac Symptom Scale (CSS), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS). Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used for data analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study will allow evaluating the effectiveness of an innovative transitional care program to patients' own home using a digital messaging application. If the transitional program is shown feasible and effective it can be incorporated into existing care programs and stimulate further studies on the use of digital solutions for improving the continuity of care in own home.

Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7-Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review.

Through the Mas receptor, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] has been shown to have a key role in the development of lung inflammation. This systematic review (SR) sought to identify the relationship between lung damage brought on by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway. In this investigation, relevant keywords were used to search PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier), and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science up to December 2022. Nine studies were chosen because they satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority of research concluded that exposure to CS increased the risk of lung damage. Smoking cigarettes is the main cause of COPD because it causes massive amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to enter the lungs, which stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the invasion of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages. These findings support the renin-angiotensin system's (RAS) involvement in the pathophysiology of smoking-induced damage. Additionally, via stimulating pro-inflammatory mediators, aberrant RAS activity has been linked to lung damage. Lung inflammation's etiology has been shown to be significantly influenced by the protective known RAS arm ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas. In conclusion, these are important for informing policymakers to pass legislation limiting the use of smoking and other tobacco to prevent their harmful effects.

Effects of Corrective Exercises on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Quality of Life in Surgical Residents: A Pilot, Quasi-Experimental Study.

PURPOSE: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the most important reasons for absenteeism, high costs of health care and human injuries; the latter are very common in medical staff. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of corrective exercises on quality of life and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in surgical residents. METHODS: In a quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design, we assessed the eligibility of 135 surgical assistants. All recruited participants performed corrective exercises and were followed for 12 months. The primary outcome of the study was any change in the surgical residents' work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) prior to, and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. The secondary outcome was any change in the surgical residents' quality of life (QOL) score, which was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after the intervention using the World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred eligible surgical residents were enrolled, of whom 67 (67%) completed the study. At baseline the majority of the participants were female and >30 years of age. Fifty-five percent of them used analgesic drugs. The use of analgesic drugs per week fell by 14.7% from baseline to 12 months; the change was statistically significant (p = 0.042). The effect of corrective exercises on the intensity of pain in the shoulder (p = 0.002), hand/wrist (p = 0.001), upper back (p = 0.03), lower back (p = 0.02) and knee (p = 0.01) was significant. Corrective exercises also led to a significant rise in the quality-of-life score (p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of corrective exercises in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders and improving quality of life among surgical residents.

Effect of Chamomile on the Complications of Cancer: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, many people across the world still suffer from this chronic disease and its complications. Chamomile as an herbal medicine has gained an increasing attention for relieving cancer complications. This study aimed to integrate and synthesize current international evidence regarding the effect of chamomile on cancer complications. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken. Five online databases including Web of Science, PubMed [including MEDLINE], Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase were searched and articles published from inception to January 2023 were retrieved. All clinical trials and similar interventional studies on human subjects examining the effects of chamomile on cancer complications were included in the review and research synthesis. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies after quality appraisals using proper methodological tools. The review results were presented narratively given that meta-analysis was impossible. RESULTS: A total of 2240 studies were retrieved during the search process, but 18 articles were selected. The total sample size was 1099 patients with cancer of which 622 participants were female. Fifteen studies used an RCT design. Various forms of chamomile were used such as mouthwash, topical material, tea, capsule, syrup and aromatherapy massage. Chamomile effectively reduced oral mucositis, skin complications, depression, and vomiting and also improved appetite and quality of life among cancer patients. CONCLUSION: The use of chamomile as a non-pharmacologic and safe method can be helpful for mitigating cancer complications in patients with cancer. Therefore, it can be incorporated into routine care along with other therapeutic measures to reduce patients' suffering related to cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER (PROSPERO): CRD42022307887.

Diagnostic Performance Evaluation of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Prostate Cancer with Supervised Machine Learning Methods.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Its early and correct diagnosis is of particular importance to controlling and preventing the disease from spreading to other tissues. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have effectively detected and graded several cancers, in particular prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to show the diagnostic performance (accuracy and area under the curve) of supervised machine learning algorithms in detecting prostate cancer using multiparametric MRI. A comparison was made between the performances of different supervised machine-learning methods. This review study was performed on the recent literature sourced from scientific citation websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the end of January 2023. The findings of this review reveal that supervised machine learning techniques have good performance with high accuracy and area under the curve for prostate cancer diagnosis and prediction using multiparametric MR imaging. Among supervised machine learning methods, deep learning, random forest, and logistic regression algorithms appear to have the best performance.

Protective effects of chitosan based salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) in grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Sultana') under salinity stress.

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduce plant growth and performance by changing physiological and biochemical processes. In addition to improving the crop, using nanomaterials in agriculture can reduce the harmful effects of environmental stresses, particularly salinity. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors including salt stress at three levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite at three levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). The results showed reductions in chlorophylls (a, b, and total), carotenoids, and nutrient elements (excluding sodium) while proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, total soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate, total antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes activity increased with treatment chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) under different level NaCl. Salinity stress reduced Fm', Fm, and Fv/Fm by damage to photosynthetic systems, but treatment with CS-SA NCs improved these indices during salinity stress. In stress-free conditions, applying the CS-SA NCs improved the grapes' physiological, biochemical, and nutrient elemental balance traits. CS-SA NCs at 0.5 mM had a better effect on the studied traits of grapes under salinity stress. The CS-SA nanoparticle is a biostimulant that can be effectively used to improve the grape plant yield under salinity stress.

An updated systematic review on the maternal exposure to environmental pesticides and involved mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) progression risk in children.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increased dramatically over the past 25 years because of genetic and environmental factors. This systematic review (SR) aimed to determine the association between maternal exposure during pregnancy to environmental pesticides and other associations with the risk of ASD progression in children. PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier) and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science were searched using appropriate keywords up to March 2021. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were selected. Most studies reported that ASD increases the risk of offspring after prenatal exposure to environmental pesticides in pregnant mother's residences, against offspring of women from the same region without this exposure. The main potential mechanisms inducing ASD progressions are ROS and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, AChE inhibition, voltage-gated sodium channel disruption, and GABA inhibition. According to the included studies, the highest rates of ASD diagnosis increased relative to organophosphates, and the application of the most common pesticides near residences might enhance the prevalence of ASD.

Developing the concept of maternal in teenage mothers: a hybrid model.

Objectives: Maternal transition is a challenging developmental process requiring physical, mental, social, and cognitive preparedness. Therefore, the transition to motherhood is even more challenging for teenagers who are exposed to both the maturation process and adaptation to the parenting role. Therefore, the present study was conducted to provide a deeper understanding of the maternal role in Iranian teenage mothers. Methods: A three-phase hybrid model was adopted for concept analysis. In the theoretical phase, 50 articles were analyzed. In the fieldwork phase, 10 participants were interviewed. In the final phase, the findings of the previous two stages were analyzed. This study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2022. After determining the attributes, antecedents, and consequences, a final definition was presented for parenting in teenage mothers. Results: The concept of motherhood for teenage mothers was described as "a process-oriented phenomenon in nature," "complex, challenging and multidimensional," "development with immature transition," "a turning point in life," "a stressful event," "affected by several factors," and "bidirectional effects on life" according to antecedents, including "the level of received social support," "reaction to teenage motherhood," "teenage mother's characteristics," and "family structure" leading to "positive psychological consequences," "negative psychological consequences," and "loss of educational and career opportunities." Conclusion: This study provides a suitable ground for evaluating the concept of motherhood in teenage mothers and employing it in nursing care of teenage mothers and children by identifying this concept.

Effect of mobile-assisted education on health promoting lifestyle and blood sugar of women with gestational diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The gestational diabetes causes complications for the mother and the baby. Methods: It was a randomised controlled trial that was conducted in Public Health Center No 1 in Baghmalek, Khuzestan province, Iran. Seventy-six women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention (n=38) and a control group (n=38). A mobile app was developed, and the content of the educational programme was designed according to the six dimensions of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Participants in the intervention group followed instructions about healthy lifestyle for 4 weeks, whereas the control group received only routine care. A demographic questionnaire, and the HPLP-II were used to gather the data.Health promoting lifestyle and blood sugar of participants were measured after 4 weeks. Results: The total score of HPLP was 98.34±13.99 and 92.39±14.56 before the intervention in intervention and control groups, respectively, which was improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group after intervention (143.13±23.41 vs 100.39±16.69, p<0.0001). Also, the scores of stress management, responsibility, interpersonal relationship, spiritual growth, nutrition and physical activity were significantly improved in the intervention group. Fasting blood sugar and blood sugar 2 hours after meal significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (86.05±7.71 mg/dL vs 93.92±5.52 mg/dL) and (113.65±10.96 mg/dL vs 124.97±9.15 mg/dL), (p=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our results showed that offering educational programmes based on mobile apps can improve healthy lifestyle and blood sugar in women with GDM. Trial registration number: IRCT20200817048434N1. Website address: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20200817048434N1.

Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice.

Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.

Experiences of intensive care unit nurses working with COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Objectives: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses are at the forefront of fighting and treating the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are often directly exposed to this virus and at risk of disease, due to their direct care for infected patients. This study aims to synthesize the experiences of ICU nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies were undertaken. A systematic literature search in four databases, including Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed (including Medline), was performed. Original qualitative studies and the qualitative section of mixed method studies, written in English, which focused on the experiences of only ICU nurses working with COVID-19 patients, were included. Results: Seventeen qualitative studies and two mixed-method studies were included in the review. As a result of the inductive content analysis, six main categories were identified, as follows: "distance from holistic nursing," "psychosocial experiences," "efforts for self-protection and wellbeing," "organizational inefficiency," "job burnout," and "emerging new experiences in the workplace." Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that healthcare authorities and policymakers can facilitate the provision of high-quality patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic through appropriate planning to provide adequate support and training, prevent shortages of nursing staff and equipment, and provide adequate attention to the psychological needs and job satisfaction of ICU nurses. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=256070, identifier: CRD42021256070.

View of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a sequence of complicated events that is defined as a reduction of the blood supply followed by reperfusion. RIRI is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Among the diverse mediators that take part in RIRI-induced AKI, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role via conventional (angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R)) and nonconventional (ACE2, Ang 1-7, Ang 1-9, AT2 receptor (AT2R), and Mas receptor (MasR)) axes. RIRI alters the balance of both axes so that RAS can affect RIRI-induced AKI. In overall, the alteration of Ang II/AT1R and AKI by RIRI is important to consider. This review has looked for the effects and interactions of RAS activities during RIRI conditions.

The effect of video training and intraoperative progress report on the anxiety of family caregivers waiting for relatives undergoing surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of video training and intraoperative progress report on the anxiety of family caregivers awaiting relatives undergoing surgery. Methods: A three-armed randomized controlled design was used. One hundred and two participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: the video training group (n = 34), the intraoperative progress report group (n = 34), and the control group (n = 34). Interventions were performed when the relatives of the participants were undergoing surgery. The participants in the video training group received video training containing images of the operating room environment and animations related to the patient's surgical procedure, postoperative care, and possible complications from the surgery. In the intraoperative progress report group, information regarding the patient's general condition, the percentage of surgical progress, and the approximate time of the patient's transfer from the operating room were provided. The control group received routine care. A demographic data questionnaire and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for data collection. Results: It was found a statistically significant decrease in the state anxiety in the video training (p < 0.001) and intraoperative progress report (p < 0.001) group after the intervention when compared to before the intervention. It was found no significant difference among the study groups in terms of the level of state and trait anxiety after the intervention (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study found that both video training and intraoperative progress report are effective in reducing the state anxiety of family caregivers awaiting relatives undergoing surgery.