[Perioperative nutritional support for surgical patients]. / Perioperatsionnaya nutritivnaya podderzhka khirurgicheskikh bol'nykh.

The article presents an algorithm for perioperative nutritional support of surgical patients operated on as planned. Today, planned surgical care is provided in accordance with the canons of the accelerated rehabilitation Program (ARP). The relevance of the problem of nutritional insufficiency, which is an important component of ARP, is due to the dependence of the results of surgical treatment on the initial nutritional status of the patient. Methods of screening for nutritional deficiency and options for correcting protein-energy disorders are described. The predominant method is the enteral delivery of nutrients and energy. Oral supplemental nutrition by sipping is a convenient way to correct nutritional disorders at all stages of the perioperative period.

[Elective surgery and oral carbohydrate loading]. / Planovoe khirurgicheskoe vmeshatel'stvo i peroral'naya nagruzka uglevodami.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading on the course of perioperative period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 93 patients who underwent elective abdominal and retroperitoneal surgery. In the main group (n=47), carbohydrate drink was prescribed prior to surgery (33.5 g of carbohydrates and 4 g of hydrolyzed protein per 100 ml): 400 ml in the evening before surgery and 200 ml 2 hours before surgery. The control group included 46 patients who followed conventional fasting protocol recommended by the ASA (solid food no later than 6 hours before surgery, intake of clear fluids no later than 2 hours before surgery). Surgical interventions and anesthetic management were similar in both groups. RESULTS: There were no differences in perioperative glycemia between both groups. The main group was characterized by less intraoperative infusion volume and more stable hemodynamic parameters, the number of patients with organ dysfunction and complications was significantly lower. Postoperative nausea and vomiting and general weakness were less significant in the main group while subjective assessment of patient's satisfaction with postoperative period was higher. CONCLUSION: Preoperative carbohydrate loading does not affect perioperative glycemia, reduces intraoperative infusion volume, the number of patients with organ dysfunction and complications, postoperative nausea and vomiting, ensures more stable intraoperative hemodynamics and more comfortable subjective perception of early postoperative period.