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Background There is a global increase in the number of deaths caused by violent neck asphyxia, which includes both suicides and homicides. This research presents autopsy-based findings and analytical demographic data that are pertinent to significant medicolegal cases. Methods A retrospective examination of 113 autopsy reports of non-accidental violent neck asphyxia reported to the forensic pathology department of Al-Balqa Governorate in Jordan within the period from January 2010 to March 2023. Age, gender, and autopsy results were documented, along with medicolegal records that included toxicology reports. Conversely, information on the manner of death was derived from police inquest records. For the purpose of this research, all the cases of throttling and ligature strangulation have been determined to be homicidal, and all cases of hanging were classified as suicide. Results Males were predominant in hanging (72%), while females were predominant in ligature strangulation (82%). The mean age group in hanging was 21-35 years (51%), while the range for throttling was 36-50 years, and that in strangulation was 2-20 years. Most hanging and throttling cases showed typical external neck findings. Seventy-two percent of hanging cases (n = 68) did not exhibit any internal neck findings, while all throttling cases yielded positive results. Both hanging and strangulation by ligature cases exhibited an absence of thyroid cartilage fracture (83%). Eighty-nine cases (95%) of hanging did not exhibit any injuries to the rest of the body. However, all cases of throttling and ligature strangulation had an almost positive external body injury. In all cases of throttling and ligature strangulation, ocular petechial hemorrhage was present, whereas one-third of the hanging cases had it. Conclusion The forensic doctor must observe the pattern of ligature marks and other signs of physical assault found on the neck, meticulously examine the rest of the body, rule out other causes of death, and cooperate with the legal authorities regarding the collection of the history and death scene findings to accurately determine the manner and mechanism of death in cases of violent neck asphyxia.
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INTRODUCTION: Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a spectrum of heterogeneous birth anomalies characterized by the incomplete closure of the neural tube. In Jordan, NTDs are estimated to occur in approximately one out of every 1000 live births. Timely identification of NTDs during the 18-22 weeks of gestation period offers parents various management options, including intrauterine NTD repair and termination of pregnancy (TOP). This study aims to assess and compare parental knowledge and perceptions of these management modalities between parents of affected children and those with healthy offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) using telephone-administered questionnaires. Categorical variables were summarized using counts and percentages, while continuous variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The association between exposure variables and outcomes was explored using binary logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS: The study sample comprised 143 participants, with 49.7% being parents of children with NTDs. The majority of NTD cases were associated with unplanned pregnancies, lack of folic acid supplementation, and postnatal diagnosis. Concerning parental knowledge of TOP in Jordan, 86% believed it to be legally permissible in certain situations. However, there was no statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding attitudes toward TOP. While the majority of parents with NTD-affected children (88.7%) expressed a willingness to consider intrauterine surgery, this percentage decreased significantly (to 77.6%) after receiving detailed information about the procedure's risks and benefits (p = .013). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first case-control investigational study in Jordan focusing on parental perspectives regarding TOP versus intrauterine repair of myelomeningocele following a diagnosis of an NTD-affected fetus. Based on our findings, we urge the implementation of a national and international surveillance program for NTDs, assessing the disease burden, facilitating resource allocation toward prevention strategies, and promoting early diagnosis initiatives either by using newly suggested diagnostic biomarkers or early Antenatal ultrasonography.
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Ácido Fólico , Defeitos do Tubo Neural , Criança , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Retrospectivos , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/terapia , PaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sexual reproductive health (SRH) is an important aspect of human life, especially in the younger age groups. Young adults are the most vulnerable group to SRH consequences, as they have limited access to its information and services. This is one of the earliest studies conducted to examine the knowledge of SRH among female university students in Jordan. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of SRH among female Jordanian university students and to determine the social and individual factors that may affect this knowledge. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional design was used, and a convenient sample consisting of 427 female university students was recruited from the University of Jordan. The inclusion criteria were female unmarried students aged 18-25 years old, while the exclusion criteria were married, divorced, or engaged female students. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the student's knowledge of SRH. Data were collected between February 21 and March 20, 2022. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data analysis, and an independent sample t-test was used to investigate mean differences in the SRH score based on demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Overall, it was found that only 26.2% of all the participants had adequate knowledge of SRH. Additionally, they have inadequate knowledge regarding the different aspects of SRH such as premarital, vaccination, menstruation, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), except for the section on folic acid, which demonstrated adequate knowledge. Furthermore, the participants' scores of total SRH knowledge were significantly different based on their original place of living, current residency, educational level, religion, and university faculty. CONCLUSION: Due to the inadequate level of knowledge, this study highlights the need to establish educational and awareness programs concerning SRH and to incorporate this subject into the university and school curricula.
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BACKGROUND: Teaching hospitals have been regarded as the primary settings where doctors teach and practice high-quality medicine, as well as where medical students learn the profession and acquire their initial clinical skills. A percentage of instruction is now done over the internet or via electronic techniques. The present COVID-19 epidemic has pushed distance electronic learning (DEL) to the forefront of education at all levels, including medical institutions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to observe how late-stage medical students felt about DEL, which was put in place during the recent COVID-19 shutdown in Jordan. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, web-based, questionnaire-based research study during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown between March 15 and May 1, 2020. During this period, all medical schools in Jordan shifted to DEL. RESULTS: A total of 380 students responded to a request to fill out the questionnaire, of which 256 completed the questionnaire. The data analysis showed that 43.6% (n=112) of respondents had no DEL experience, and 53.1% (n=136)of respondents perceived the DEL method as user-friendly. On the other hand, 64.1% (n=164) of students strongly believed that DEL cannot substitute traditional clinical teaching. There was a significant positive correlation between the perception of user-friendliness and the clarity of the images and texts used. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between the perception of sound audibility and confidence in applying knowledge gained through DEL to clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: DEL is a necessary and important tool in modern medical education, but it should be used as an auxiliary approach in the clinical setting since it cannot replace conventional personal instruction.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an upper genital tract infection caused by a variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms ascending from the cervix or vagina. Though PID is mainly a sexually transmitted disease; 15% are non-sexually transmitted.[1] In our study, we aim to assess gynecologists' understanding and awareness of PID; as it presents an important health issue affecting the Jordanian community and similar communities with the same cultural and religious backgrounds. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that received responses from 172 gynecologists in Jordan. The questionnaire aimed at testing gynecologists' knowledge of different aspects of PID starting with diagnosis and ending with management. 68.6% of gynecologists acknowledged that PID is a problem in Jordan. However, obvious confusion was observed in the scopes of clinical presentation, choosing the most reliable PID investigations, and treatment. PID is not being addressed properly in a sexually conservative community that has low rates of sexually transmitted diseases like Jordan, which is misleading and dangerous. In addition, we think there is a lack of certain standards on how to define PID and acknowledge its effect on the community as well as the disappointing level of knowledge about different aspects of PID gynecologists show, starting with its prevalence and ending with treatment policy. Clearer guidelines for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of PID should be adopted. These findings should be acknowledged by all doctors from neighboring countries as well as those within similar communities to Jordan.
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Doença Inflamatória Pélvica , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/diagnóstico , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/epidemiologia , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Ginecologista , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The ABO and D antigen status of red blood cells (Rh blood grouping systems) are important hematological classification systems that categorize blood groups according to the presence or absence of certain erythrocytic antigens. These antigens affect the outcomes of blood transfusions as well as various hematological and immunological diseases. We aimed to study ABO and Rh blood group distribution among pregnant women visiting the antenatal care clinic at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) in Amman, Jordan. A retrospective analysis of all pregnant women delivering at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) between October 1, 2016, and September 31, 2021. ABO and D antigen status of red blood cells (Rh blood groups) were summarized and documented. 20,136 pregnant women data were analyzed, the O blood group was the most prevalent (n = 7840, 38.9%), followed by A (n = 7506, 37.3%). For the D antigen status, the Rh-positive (Rh+) category was the most common (n = 18,159, 90.2%). For the (O) blood group; O-Rh+ type was the most prevalent (90.1%). Determining the blood group type accurately helps eliminate the critical consequences of both ABO and Rh incompatibility and offers clinicians an opportunity to take timely prophylactic measures. In our analyses O and Rh+ blood groups were the most prevalent.
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Obstetrícia , Feminino , Humanos , Hospitais , Jordânia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The rates of seeking consultation for urinary incontinence (UI) and the barriers against consultations vary among countries and study populations and are influenced by various factors such as embarrassment, perception of illness, resources and culture. OBJECTIVES: To study healthcare-seeking behaviours and barriers among Jordanian women. METHODS: Between 1 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among women 18 years of age or more who have UI and have access to the internet. We collected women's characteristics, UI types, severity, bother, seeking consultation behaviours and barriers. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the variables associated with seeking consultation. RESULTS: The data of 1454 women with a mean age (SD) of 41.5 (11.5) years were analysed. Mixed UI was the most common type (56.3%), while 43.8% of the participants sought consultation, and 33.8% waited 1 year before seeking consultation. The most common barriers were embarrassment (52.2%), considering UI as a normal occurrence with ageing (41.5%), and limited expectations of improvement from treatment (42.0%). The most common barriers vary according to UI type. Embarrassment was the most commonly reported barrier by women with mixed UI (29.4%), UI as normal with ageing was mostly considered by women with stress UI (11.5%) and treatment for UI is going to be expensive was expressed by women with mixed UI (19.4%). Seeking consultation decreased among women with more educational achievement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.87) with university graduates doing so less than women with high school or less educational achievement. Additionally, seeking consultation was more among women who were aware of a family member with UI (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03-2.01) compared to women who were not. Also, multiparous women (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19-2.77) sought consultation more than nulliparous women. Seeking a consultation was more among women who were bothered by the impact of UI on various daily activities, namely, household activities (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85-2.37), prayers (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.07-2.71) and sex life (aOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45-4.21) compared to women who were not bothered. Seeking a consultation was less among women who reported embarrassment as a barrier (aOR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.34-0.84) compared to women who were not embarrassed. CONCLUSION: Four in 10 women with UI sought care, but with a considerable delay between the onset of symptoms and actual care seeking. These outcomes could be explained by the impact of various barriers. Additionally, barriers might vary in different cultures and countries, so culture-sensitive questionnaires should be considered when healthcare-seeking consultations and barriers are studied.
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Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Incontinência Urinária , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/terapia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
Background: The latest threat to world health is coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and the exact death rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still to be explored and varies widely throughout the world. Inactivated virus vaccines, recombinant viral vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and attenuated vaccinations have all been investigated in the hunt for an optimal SARS-CoV vaccine. Some women had menstrual abnormalities after immunisation, including heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), frequent bleeding (metrorrhagia/polymenorrhea), and postmenopausal haemorrhage. Vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia might be one of the underlying reasons. Purpose: The aim to carry out this study was to survey by recruiting the female participants who were vaccinated with one or two shots of the available vaccine and observe short-term menstrual changes. Patients and Methods: This web-based survey cross-sectional study included women who were above 18 years, had the vaccine at least one month (one menstrual period) before participating in the study, had access to social media platforms and were willing to take part in the study. Women were excluded if, at the time of the study, they were pregnant or had amenorrhea of more than 6 months. Results: Analysing the menstrual flow more, we saw that 24.5% of the patients had increased flow, while 15.5% had reduced flow which for both changes in the flow, the p-value was 0.017. However, 23.65 showed delayed periods, and 51.6% showed no changes. The changes in the timing were significant, indicating a p-value of 0.008. The study will be a significant contribution to the literature as this pandemic is new, and the vaccination against COVID-19 is still in the trial phase. Conclusion: We observed in our study that there was a change in the menstruation timings and flow after vaccination. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to conclude the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on the menstruation cycle.
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Background: The COVID-19 lockdowns imposed new challenges to couples who were planning to conceive. In this research paper, we aimed to study the perceptions of women in Jordan during the pandemic regarding fertility behavior, the desire to use assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the awareness and beliefs of potential risks related to conception. Methods: A validated online-based questionnaire was distributed to women from April-May 2020, Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS version 22 and R software (2020); p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The total number of participants was 814 women, with 78.2% of the participants (58.7% fertile and 76.6% infertile) believing that pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic could be risky. Among them, 16% and 40%, respectively, were trying to conceive during the pandemic, and 97.4% and 89.9%, respectively, were not willing to use ART if needed during the pandemic. Young, nulliparous women who were married for less than one year were significantly associated with the desire to conceive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: This study concluded that the fertility behavior of women in Jordan changed during the pandemic, and their desire for natural conception and for using ART declined, as they believed that there were potential risks related to conceiving during the pandemic. However, the effect was greater among the general fertile population than the infertile.
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BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are widely used worldwide. The effect of OP exposure during pregnancy on the offspring is inconsistent in the current literature. Moreover, similar studies in the Middle East are lacking. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of OP exposure in utero on the outcome of pregnancies in an agricultural region in Jordan. METHOD: A prospective study, employing a questionnaire to collect women demographic data. Hospital records were collected for newborns' birth data. In addition, urine samples during the third trimester were collected from pregnant women and then analyzed for six OP metabolites to measure exposure. RESULTS: One of the metabolites, DEDTP, was negatively correlated with gestational age and Apgar scores 1 and 5. There were no other significant associations. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to OP during pregnancy is not highly associated with any negative anthropometric characteristics of the newborns; it is probably offset by other factors.
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Praguicidas , Resultado da Gravidez , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Humanos , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Organofosforados/efeitos adversos , Compostos Organofosforados/urina , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Organofosfatos/toxicidade , Organofosfatos/urina , Exposição AmbientalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative identification of anatomical structures can potentially reduce the risk of surgical complications. This study aims to report specialists' perspectives about the anatomical structures that third-year residents should be able to identify during surgical operations. In addition, the factors which may influence specialists' opinions are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted on obstetricians and gynaecologists between 1/2/2019 and 30/10/2019. The specialists practising in a hospital with a residency programme were included, and were asked to rate the importance of structures that a third-year resident should be able to identify during operations. We performed a comparison of responses based on specialists' age, gender, practice type, years of experience, and surgical workload. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-five specialists were recruited with a response rate of 69.3%. The mean age of respondents was 46.1 years, and they had a mean experience of 13.4 years. Furthermore, 86.6% of specialists rated all the anatomical structures as "more important". The importance of surgical structures, as rated by specialists, was not related to gender, years of experience, or surgical workload. The importance of 63% of the anatomical structures was rated higher by junior specialists than senior specialists. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of anatomical structures is vital for gynaecologic residency training. Specialist's perceptions of the importance of various anatomical structures reflect their understanding of the training requirements. Our results highlighted the important anatomical structures that third-year residents are expected to identify during surgical operations. Future research may establish a reference for the core anatomy knowledge essential for each training year.
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BACKGROUND: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the inflammation of the adnexa of the uterus, that mainly manifests in a subclinical/chronic context and goes largely underreported. However, it poses a major threat to women's health, as it is responsible for infertility and ectopic pregnancies, as well as chronic pelvic pain. Previous studies in Jordan have not reported PID, attributed mainly to the social structure of the country which largely represents a sexually conservative population. Our study aims to report the clinical symptoms that point towards PID and investigate the major risk determinants for the Jordanian population, in a cross-sectional study, using our scoring system based only on clinical data and examination. METHODS: One hundred sixty-eight consecutive adult women that came in the Outpatient Clinics of Gynaecological Department of the Jordan University Hospital were interviewed and their medical history and symptoms were registered and analysed. A Score for PID symptoms, we developed, was given to each woman. Results and correlations were then statistically tested. RESULTS: Our study population consisted of relatively young women (37.7 ± 11) that had their first child at an average age of 24.1 (± 4.8) and a mean parity of 3.1 (± 2.2). Fifty-eight women (34.5%) reported having undergone at least one CS, while the mean PID Symptom Score was 3.3 (± 2.3). The women in our study exhibited 8 symptoms of PID, namely dysmenorrhea and vaginal discharge; being the commonest (45.2% and 44.6% respectively), in addition to chronic pelvic pain, pelvic heaviness, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms, and smelly urine. They also reported history of 3 conditions that can be attributed to PID, that is infertility, preterm labour, and miscarriages. CONCLUSIONS: Our PID Scoring System seems to identify the risk factors of PID and predict well the PID likelihood. This score predicts that women with higher parity, who used contraceptives and underwent any invasive medical procedure are expected to score higher in the PID Symptom Score. Our data also suggest that PID should not be ruled out in the Jordanian population when symptoms are compatible to this diagnosis.
As a sexually conservative country, Jordan is thought to have a low prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease. The prevalence of STD pathogens is very low, however many patients present symptoms of PID, so we randomly interviewed 168 healthy participants and investigated symptoms related to PID. Surprisingly the percentage of participants who had symptoms of PID was high, reaching up to 64% for some symptoms. We then created a PID symptom score; where every symptom gets one mark (111), and tested it for association against independent factors. As a result, it can be predicted that a woman with higher parity, who used contraceptives, and underwent E & C, D & C, HSG, or Hysteroscopy is expected to score higher in the PID Symptom Score.This result draws the attention to PID incidence in similar conservative communities, and therefore further research is needed to confirm the prevalence of PID and identify the causative factors.
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Anticoncepcionais/efeitos adversos , Infertilidade Feminina/microbiologia , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/epidemiologia , Dor Pélvica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Infertilidade Feminina/epidemiologia , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/complicações , Dor Pélvica/etiologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hookah (water pipe) smoking, an old method of tobacco smoking, is regaining widespread popularity all over the world. Although the research in this field is still deficient, it has been proven for its harmful effect on human's health by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, infection and lung, oral and bladder cancer (Al-Numair et al., J Food Agric Environ, 5: 17, 2007; Bou Fakhreddine et al., Respir Med, 108: 1241-1253, 2014; Chaouachi, J Negat Results Biomed, 5: 17, 2006). However, no research was found to address its effect on human fertility or reproductive outcome. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to explore the effect of smoking hookah on human semen parameters among men attending In Vitro Fertilization LABs for seminal fluid analysis testing. 104 patients aged between 25 and 45, who are noncigarette smokers and have no chronic medical illness, were enrolled in the study: 50 hookah nonsmokers and 54 hookah smokers. Their semen parameters were compared. Semen volume, normal morphology and progressive motility were slightly lower in the hookah smoker (3.21 ml; 10.2%; 29.56%) versus (3.45 ml; 11.5%; 33.20%), respectively, in nonhookah smokers; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The effect of hookah smoking on semen observed in our study was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to explore more and confirm any unfavourable effect.
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Cachimbos de Água , Fumar Cachimbo de Água , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sêmen , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar Cachimbo de Água/efeitos adversos , Fumar Cachimbo de Água/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent worldwide, especially in women. This study hypothesized that the age of menarche, a developmental landmark, may be a risk factor for the development of UI. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on girls presenting to the gynaecology outpatient clinic at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan, from 2013 to 2014. Medical history and demographic data were collected, and associations between age of menarche and urinary problems were examined. RESULTS: The study enrolled 360 girls (mean age 17.60 ± 4.01 years). Of the participants, 101 (28.9%) reported experiencing urgency in urination, 23 (6.6%) had UI, 17 (4.9%) reported using urine pads at night, 23 (6.6%) had recurrent urinary infections, 61 (12.3%) had received treatment for UI, and 43 (12.3%) had been treated for urinary infections. Nocturia was significantly more frequently reported in younger girls at their first period (p = 0.02). Other urinary problems during menstruation, such as urge incontinence, were significantly associated with older age at first period (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age of menarche represents an important risk indicator for later development of UI in women.
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OBJECTIVES: Food craving is a well-known phenomenon during pregnancy that is driven by nutritional requirements for optimal foetal development. This mechanism plays a vital role in ensuring normal prenatal and postnatal development. The goal of the present study is to assess whether cravings experienced during pregnancy are related to children's behaviour. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the gynaecology outpatient unit of a local hospital on healthy non-pregnant women, with children aged between 18 months and 5 years. Eligible women completed a questionnaire regarding their child's behaviours and cravings experienced during their pregnancy. Chi-square tests were used to examine relationships between cravings and behaviour. RESULTS: A total of 336 women were included in the study (child mean age = 44.11 ± 15.65 months; 55.7% females). Food cravings were experienced by 83.1% (n = 304/366) of the participants. The most commonly reported food craving was for fruit (n = 112, 33.3%). Other cravings included salty crackers (n = 40, 10.9%), sweets (n = 35, 9.6%), meat (n = 32, 8.7%), and vegetables (n = 29, 7.9%). There was variation in frequency of the children's behavioural problems: always (more than 50% of the occasions), sometimes (10-50% of the occasions), and none. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses showed that most behavioural issues were not associated with cravings during pregnancy. Further investigation into how diet and foetal development may impact childhood behaviour is warranted.
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The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence and determine factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in rural Jordan. A cohort of 700 pregnant women from a National Health Service hospital and ten health centers completed a questionnaire. Of the total, 243 (34.7%) had anemia. The prevalence was the highest for women in their 3rd trimester (42.5%) compared to those in 2nd trimester (32.7%) and 1st trimester (18.9%). Gestational age, body mass index, history of previous surgery, and multivitamin intake during pregnancy were significantly associated with anemia. Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters had higher odds of anemia (OR = 2.2 and 3.3, resp.). Underweight women had higher odds of anemia (OR = 2.9). History of previous surgery and multivitamin intake during pregnancy were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR = 1.6 and 1.9, resp.).
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Adequate and balanced nutrition during gestation is essential for achieving healthy pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective survey tested the hypothesis that maternal nutrition (macronutrients intake, micronutrients intake, and weight gain) during gestation will impact gestational outcomes (gestational age, birth weight, and labor spontaneity). The objectives of this study were to test the impact of macronutrients and micronutrients consumed during gestation, pregestational weight and weight gain during gestation on gestational age, birth weight, and labor spontaneity among Jordanian women. Study participants (n = 700) were recruited from a women's hospital in northern Jordan. Data were collected using structured interviews. Dietary determinants examined in the study included daily intake of macronutrients (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids) and micronutrients (zinc, calcium, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B6), pregestational body mass index, total weight gain, and weight gain pattern during pregnancy. Dietary data were obtained from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean (SEM) daily intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and protein were 10894 (138) Kj, 320 (3.8) g, and 90 (0.95) g, respectively; with fat contributing 36% of total energy. Average daily energy and carbohydrate intake during pregnancy were related negatively to gestational age (P < .05). Pregestational body mass index was associated positively with gestational age and birth weight (P < .05). Intakes of vitamin A and calcium had significant relationships with birth weight. Daily intakes of zinc, calcium, vitamin B6, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were associated with labor spontaneity. Dietary factors consumed during pregnancy are associated with pregnancy outcomes.
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Peso ao Nascer , Dieta , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Estado Nutricional , Resultado da Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Parto Obstétrico , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Jordânia , Trabalho de Parto/fisiologia , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Aumento de Peso , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The personal preference of Jordanian obstetricians regarding mode of delivery in uncomplicated pregnancy with singleton cephalic presentation at term was surveyed by an anonymous structured questionnaire distributed at five conferences/scientific meetings on obstetrics and gynecology held in Jordan in 2007. The response rate was 70% (n=315), and 22 (7%) of the respondents chose elective cesarean section (CS). Respondents <45 years seemed to be more in favor of elective CS than those >or=55 years (14.1% vs. 3.7%). In multivariate analysis, increased age was inversely associated with the odds of choosing elective CS (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, p=0.024) after adjusting for gender, sector, and duration of practice. The main reasons for preferring abdominal delivery were the fear of long-term sequel (stress incontinence and anal sphincter damage) and the wish to preserve sexual function (86.4 and 50.0%, respectively). The majority of Jordanian obstetricians and gynecologists preferred vaginal delivery in uncomplicated pregnancy for themselves or their wives.
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Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Parto Obstétrico/estatística & dados numéricos , Obstetrícia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos , Gravidez , Prática Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of urinary urge, stress incontinence and bothersome urinary symptoms in late pregnancy in Jordan. METHOD: Women admitted in spontaneous labor to labor suite at three covering hospitals in the north of Jordan and at least 36 weeks gestational age were eligible for survey to ascertain data on current pregnancies and past pregnancy. Data analyzed for 181 women. RESULT: Mean gestational age was 39.5 weeks. 85% had normal vaginal delivery. 35% of women reported symptoms of urgency, 30% of whom described symptoms frequency as moderate or severe, and 45% reported stress incontinence, 29% of whom described symptoms frequency as moderate or severe during the current pregnancy. Symptoms in previous pregnancies were reported by 20 and 30% of women for urge and stress incontinence, respectively. Urgency and urge incontinence increased in relation to parity. CONCLUSION: The frequency of urinary incontinence and bothersome symptoms was relatively similar compared to other countries.
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Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Incontinência Urinária de Urgência/etiologia , Transtornos Urinários/epidemiologia , Transtornos Urinários/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In vitro fertilisation has become a very common procedure in the infertility practice due to both accessibility and good success rates. DISCUSSION: Complications, however, are constant reminders that no procedure is totally safe. In this paper, we present a case of IVF pregnancy that presented with pelvic abscess, and despite two laparotomies the triplet pregnancy was lost at 22 weeks gestation. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the fact that the progression of pelvic infection in pregnancy can be slow.