Lung Injury in COVID-19 Has Pulmonary Edema as an Important Component and Treatment with Furosemide and Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL) Decreases Mortality.

The SARS-CoV2 promotes dysregulation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone. The result is excessive retention of water, producing a state of noxious hypervolemia. Consequently, in COVID-19 injury lung is pulmonary edema. Our report is a case-control study, retrospective. We included 116 patients with moderate-severe COVID-19 lung injury. A total of 58 patients received standard care (Control group). A total of 58 patients received a standard treatment with a more negative fluid balance (NEGBAL group), consisting of hydric restriction and diuretics. Analyzing the mortality of the population studied, it was observed that the NEGBAL group had lower mortality than the Control group, p = 0.001. Compared with Controls, the NEGBAL group had significantly fewer days of hospital stay (p < 0.001), fewer days of ICU stay (p < 0.001), and fewer days of IMV (p < 0.001). The regressive analysis between PaO2/FiO2BAL and NEGBAL demonstrated correlation (p = 0.04). Compared with Controls, the NEGBAL group showed significant progressive improvement in PaO2/FiO2 (p < 0.001), CT score (p < 0.001). The multivariate model, the vaccination variables, and linear trends resulted in p = 0.671 and quadratic trends p = 0.723, whilst the accumulated fluid balance is p < 0.001. Although the study has limitations, the promising results encourage more research on this different therapeutic approach, since in our research it decreases mortality.

Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Treated with Furosemide and Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL): A Different and Promising Approach.

In COVID-19, pulmonary edema has been attributed to "cytokine storm". However, it is known that SARS-CoV2 promotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficit, increases angiotensin II, and this triggers volume overload. Our report is based on COVID-19 patients with tomographic evidence of pulmonary edema and volume overload to whom established a standard treatment with diuretic (furosemide) guided by objectives: Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL approach). Retrospective observational study. We reviewed data from medical records: demographic, clinical, laboratory, blood gas, and chest tomography (CT) before and while undergoing NEGBAL, from 20 critically ill patients. Once the NEGBAL strategy was started, no patient required mechanical ventilation. All cases reverted to respiratory failure with NEGBAL, but subsequently two patients died from sepsis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The regressive analysis between PaO2/FiO2BAL and NEGBAL demonstrated correlation (p < 0.032). The results comparing the Pao2Fio2 between admission to NEGBAL to NEGBAL day 4, were statistically significant (p < 0.001). We noted between admission to NEGBAL and day 4 improvement in CT score (p < 0.001), decrease in the superior vena cava diameter (p < 0.001) and the decrease of cardiac axis (p < 0.001). Though our study has several limitations, we believe the promising results encourage further investigation of this different pathophysiological approach.

Presentación de 6 casos de osteonecrosis asociados a trombofilia / Six patients with osteonecrosis associated with trombophilia

Introducción: La osteonecrosis es una entidad frecuente, localizada principalmente en la cabeza femoral; puede estar asociada a diferentes trastornos (osteonecrosis secundarias): traumáticas, por uso de corticoides, anemia falciforme, tumores, enfermedades del tejido conectivo, alcoholismo, enfermedad de Gaucher, etc. Cuando no presentan causa aparente se las denomina osteonecrosis idiopáticas. Estas presentan hipertensión venosa debido a oclusión trombótica, lo cual altera el drenaje venoso, resultando en una isquemia progresiva hasta la necrosis. Material y Métodos: se presentan seis casos de osteonecrosis idiopática donde se detalla la forma de presentación, diagnóstico, perfil trombofílico y tratamiento. Discusión: con la presentación de estos casos de osteonecrosis asociada a trombofilia queremos resaltar: 1) el conocimiento fisiopatogénico de la osteonecrosis idiopática por oclusión venosa trombótica. 2) el diagnóstico diferencial entre osteonecrosis idiopática y secundaria. 3) la utilidad de la realización de estudios de trombofilia, principalmente en cuadros a repetición. 4) evaluar la posibilidad de tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales

Quiste de duplicación gástrica: diagnóstico mediante ecografía, TC y RM / Gastric duplication cyst: US, CT and MRI features

Los quistes de duplicación gástrica son una patología poco frecuente que suele diagnosticarse en forma incidental en un estudio de diagnóstico por imágenes. Suelen encontrarse durante la infancia, pero pueden ser hallados en adultos. Los estudios de diagnóstico por imágenes colaboran en el hallazgo y presunción diagnóstica de los mismos, siendo el diagnóstico definitivo el análisis anatomopatológico de la pieza. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 15 años con dolor abdominal persistente (dominante en epigastrio), en la que se observó en una ecografía, una imagen quística ubicada por detrás del estómago y en íntimo contacto con el páncreas, el riñón izquierdo y la gándula suprarrenal izquierda. La TC y RM contribuyeron a una mejor delimitación anatómica. Se procedió a escisión laparoscópica sin complicaciones. La anatomía patológica reveló un quiste de duplicación gástrica, sin ulceración