Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Colombia.

Using Oxford Nanopore technologies and phylogenetic analyses, we sequenced and identified the cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 isolated from 2 patients in the city of Villavicencio, Meta department, Colombia. This identification suggests the emergence of this genotype in the country, which warrants further surveillance to identify its epidemic potential.

Infectious diseases in migrant pregnant women from an area of the Colombian Caribbean.

INTRODUCTION: Human migration is an activity that affects society in economic and political aspects and as a social determinant because of its differential impact on individual's health. OBJECTIVE: To describe the situation of health and infectious diseases of vertical transmission risk in migrant pregnant women from an area of the Colombian Caribbean from 2019 to 2021. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on pregnant irregular migrants in the Riohacha and Santa Marta municipalities in Colombia. Hemogram, uranalysis, toxoplasma, FTA-ABS, VDRL, rubella, hepatitis B, HIV (TORCHs), vaginal swab, basal glycemia, and transaminases, among other paraclinical tests, were done on pregnant women. Data was arranged, tabulated, and analyzed in SPSS v.23.0. A descriptive statistical analysis with measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, and proportions analysis was done for qualitative variables. RESULTS: A total of 555 clinical records were analyzed. Of the infectious agents with a risk of vertical transmission, syphilis was the most frequent with 3.6%. Regarding toxoplasmosis, 2.5% were IgM-positive. 4.2% of the pregnant women had IgG antibodies against Rubella and 2 women showed antibodies against HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reflect the need for the implementation of educational, prevention, and detection health programs with the aim to decrease the number of prenatal infections in the pregnant migrant population for preventing fatal complications both in mothers and newborns.

Polyphosphate Activates von Willebrand Factor Interaction with Glycoprotein Ib in the Absence of Factor VIII In Vitro.

Polyphosphate (polyP), a phosphate polymer released by activated platelets, may modulate various stages of hemostasis by binding to blood proteins. In this context, we previously reported that polyP binds to the von Willebrand factor (VWF). One of the most significant functions of VWF is to bind to and protect the blood circulating Factor VIII (FVIII). Therefore, here, we study the role of polyP in the VWF-FVIII complex in vitro and suggest its biological significance. Surface plasmon resonance and electrophoretic mobility assays indicated that polyP binds dynamically to VWF only in the absence of FVIII. Using the VWF Ristocetin Cofactor assay, the most accepted method for studying VWF in platelet adhesion, we found that polyP activates this role of VWF only at low levels of FVIII, such as in plasmas with chemically depleted FVIII and plasmas from severe hemophilia A patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that FVIII competes with polyP in the activation of VWF. Finally, polyP also increases the binding of VWF to platelets in samples from patients with type 2 and type 3 von Willebrand disease. We propose that polyP may be used in designing new therapies to activate VWF when FVIII cannot be used.

Proinflammatory Polyphosphate Increases in Plasma of Obese Children with Insulin Resistance and Adults with Severe Type 2 Diabetes.

Obesity increases the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through increased inflammation at cellular and tissue levels. Therefore, study of the molecular elements involved in obesity-related inflammation may contribute to preventing and controlling it. Inorganic polyphosphate is a natural phosphate polymer that has recently been attracting more attention for its role in inflammation and hemostasis processes. Polyphosphates are one of the main constituents of human platelets, which are secreted after platelet activation. Among other roles, they interact with multiple proteins of the coagulation cascade, trigger bradykinin release, and inhibit the complement system. Despite its importance, determinations of polyphosphate levels in blood plasma had been elusive until recently, when we developed a method to detect these levels precisely. Here, we perform cross sectional studies to evaluate plasma polyphosphate in: 25 children, most of them with obesity and overweight, and 20 adults, half of them with severe type 2 diabetes. Our results show that polyphosphate increases, in a significant manner, in children with insulin resistance and in type 2 diabetes patients. As we demonstrated before that polyphosphate decreases in healthy overweight individuals, these results suggest that this polymer could be an inflammation biomarker in the metabolic disease onset before diabetes.

Biomarkers of the prothrombotic state in abdominal obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Central obesity is specifically associated with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the molecular events that promote these conditions remain incompletely defined and risk stratifying patients for cardiovascular disease continues a challenge. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess some cost-efficient haemostatic markers, and its association with central obesity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, in a cohort of middle aged subjects, without clinical cardiovascular disease, as basis for an improved prevention and intervention. METHODS: We studied 307 men, aged 45±7 years, which underwent medical history, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, plasmatic biochemical parameters, plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, prothrombin activity, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and mean platelet volume. RESULTS: Prothrombin activity values were significantly higher in patients with central obesity (103 ± 16 % vs 111 ± 17 %, p<0.001). Across tertiles of fibrinogen (low and high), there was an increase in cholesterol, adjusted for age and body mass index (4.9±0.9 mmol/L vs 5.4±1.1 mmol/L, p< 0.01). High tertile of prothrombin activity showed higher levels of cholesterol (4.8±1.0 mmol/L vs 5.4±0.9 mmol/L , p< 0.05), triglycerides (1.07±0.6 mmol/L vs 1.32±0.9 mmol/L, p< 0.05), and waist circumference (92.8±8.3 cm vs 96.5±8.8 cm, p= ns) . Mean values of cholesterol were higher in low-activated partial thromboplastin time tertile (5.3±0.9 mmol/L vs 4.9±1.1 mmol/L, p<0.01). Participants in the high-mean platelet volume tertile showed higher levels of glycemia (5.7±0.6 mmol/L vs 5.99±0.7 mmol/L, p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between fibrinogen and cholesterol (r=0.198, p<0.001) and triglycerides (r=0.116, p<0.05). Prothrombin activity was positively correlated with waist circumference (r=0.156, p<0.05), glucose (r=0.227, p<0.001), cholesterol (r=0.270, p=0.001), triglycerides (r=0.187, p=0.001) and mean platelet volume (r=0.130, p=0.05). Activated partial thromboplastin time was inversely related cholesterol (r=-0.172, p<0.01) concentrations. Mean platelet volume rose with increasing glucose concentrations (r=0.170, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Haemostatic markers studied have shown association with abdominal adiposity and established cardiovascular risk factors. These markers are widely available, relatively inexpensive, and might allow risk stratifying patients for cardiovascular disease and the identification of hypercoagulable state in patients who might deserve preventive measures and are potential tools for assessing the impact of these measures.

Introducción: La obesidad central está especialmente asociada con la enfermedad cardiovascular. No obstante, los mecanismos moleculares que la promueven no están completamente definidos y la estratificación del riesgo de los pacientes para la enfermedad cardiovascular sigue siendo un reto. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de la adiposidad central con marcadores hemostáticos coste-eficientes y con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales en una cohorte de varones de mediana edad sin enfermedad cardiovascular clínica con objeto de mejorar la prevención y la intervención. Métodos: Estudiamos 307 varones de 45±7 años, a los que se realizó historia clínica, examen físico, mediciones antropométricas y determinaciones plasmáticas bioquímicas y de fibrinógeno, actividad protrombina, tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada, recuento de plaquetas y volumen plaquetario medio. Resultados: Los valores de actividad protrombina fueron significativamente más elevados en pacientes con obesidad central (103 ± 16 % vs 111 ± 17 %, p.