Screening tool for sarcopenia (SARC-F) predicts unsatisfactory medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men aged 75 years or older: a preliminary observational study.

We investigated the influence of sarcopenia on treatment outcomes in elderly patients receiving medical therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We included male patients with LUTS aged ≥ 75 years who had not changed their medication for 1 year. Current conditions were estimated using IPSS, overactive bladder symptoms score (OABSS), and screening tool for sarcopenia (SARC-F). We also evaluated prostatic volume (PV), serum testosterone level, grip strength, and nutrition status. SARC-F score of ≧4 was defined as sarcopenia. We included 59 patients in this study, including 16 patients (27.1%) with sarcopenia. The mean grip strength was significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than the non-sarcopenia group (25.5 vs. 30 kg, p < 0.01). IPSS total score, voiding symptom score of IPSS, and IPSS-QOL were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than the non-sarcopenia group. The non-sarcopenia group had significantly larger PV (40 vs. 20 ml, p < 0.01) and higher testosterone levels (497.5 vs. 369 ng/ml, p = 0.03) compared with the sarcopenia group, whereas the percentage of patients taking dutasteride tended to be higher in the non-sarcopenia group than the sarcopenia group (58.1% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.07). Moderate and severe LUTS (IPSS total ≥ 8) persisted in 34 patients (57.6%) after medical treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that only SARC-F was a significant factor affecting the IPSS total ≥ 8 despite medical treatment for 1 year (OR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.13-2.46, p = 0.01). Sarcopenia defined by using SARC-F is a significant factor for unsatisfactory medical treatment of LUTS in elderly men aged ≥ 75 years.

[Three Cases of Bilateral Metachronous Testicular Tumors].

We present three cases of bilateral metachronous testicular tumors. The patient in case 1 had a history of left orchiectomy for undescended testis at the age of 19. The pathological findings revealed germ cell neoplasia in situ. Twenty-four years later (age＝43), he was diagnosed with right testicular tumor with lymph node and lung metastasis (stage IIIc). Right orchiectomy was performed, and the pathological finding showed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. He underwent chemotherapy, followed by lymph node dissection and lung metastasectomy. The patient in case 2 had a history of left orchiectomy for testicular tumor at the age of 41. The pathological finding of the left testis revealed seminoma (stage IA). Nineteen years later (age＝60), he was diagnosed with right testicular tumor and underwent right orchiectomy. Herein, the pathological finding showed seminoma (stage IA). The patient in case 3 had a history of right orchiectomy for testicular tumor at the age of 25. The pathological findings revealed seminoma (stage IS), and he underwent adjuvant radiation of the para-aortic field without subsequent recurrence. Fourteen years later (age＝39), he was diagnosed with left testicular tumor and underwent left orchiectomy. The pathological finding revealed seminoma (stage IB). The patient underwent adjuvant carboplatin monotherapy to prevent recurrence. Due to the long interval between the occurrence of bilateral metachronous testicular tumors (mean＝19 years ; three cases), long-term observation is necessary to detect the possible occurrence of contralateral testicular tumors. Contralateral testicular biopsy might be considered at the time of orchiectomy for unilateral testicular tumor if associated with testicular atrophy and/or a history of undescended testis.

Validation of the area under the Watts factor curve during the voiding cycle as a novel parameter for diagnosing detrusor underactivity in females.

OBJECTIVE: Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). To date, no consensus has been reached on the urodynamic criteria for defining DU. We previously proposed the area under the curve of the Watts factor (WF-AUC) as a new parameter for diagnosing DU. By comparing previously reported five criteria for DU and WF-AUC, we analyzed whether the WF-AUC could assess detrusor contraction in women with LUTS. METHODS: Using urodynamic data of consecutive 77 women with LUTS, first, we classified DU based on previously reported five criteria. Second, we assessed the potential correlation between multiple parameters and WF-AUC. Third, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of WF-AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria. Fourth, a linear regression analysis was conducted and compared using multiple criteria and female bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOIf). RESULTS: WF-AUC was positively correlated with the maximum values of WF, bladder contractility index (BCI), and projected isovolumetric pressure 1 (PIP1) with correlation coefficients of 0.63, 0.57, and 0.34, respectively. AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria ranging from 0.773 to 0.896 with different cutoff values of AUC-WF. The Spearman's correlation test revealed that BOOIf was significantly correlated with BCI, but not Wmax, PIP1 and WF-AUC. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the non-inferiority of the WF-AUC compared to previously reported criteria for defining DU. Depending on the cutoff value, the WF-AUC could appropriately evaluate women with DU, regardless of the presence of BOO.

Comparison of mirabegron and vibegron for clinical efficacy and safety in female patients with overactive bladder: a multicenter prospective randomized crossover trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron and vibegron in female OAB patients. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized crossover study of female patients with OAB. The patients were assigned to Group MV (mirabegron for 8 weeks, followed by vibegron for 8 weeks) or group VM (vibegron for 8 weeks, followed by mirabegron for 8 weeks). The primary endpoint was the change in OABSS from baseline, and the secondary endpoint was the change in FVC parameters. After completion of the study, each patient was asked which drug was preferable. RESULTS: A total of 83 patients were enrolled (40 and 43 in groups MV and VM, respectively). At 8th and 16th week, 33 and 29 in Group MV and 34 and 27 in Group VM continued to receive the treatment. The change in PVR was not significantly different between treatment with mirabegron and vibegron. The changes in OABSS, nighttime frequency, mean, and maximum voided volume were similar between mirabegron and vibegron. The mean change in the daytime frequency was greater in the vibegron than in the mirabegron. Of the 56 patients, 15 (27%) and 30 (53%) preferred mirabegron and vibegron, respectively. The remaining 11 patients (20%) showed no preference. The change in the urgency incontinence score during vibegron was better in patients who preferred vibegron to mirabegron. CONCLUSION: The efficacies of mirabegron and vibegron in female patients was similar. The patients' preference for vibegron could depend on the efficacy of vibegron for urgency incontinence.

Postoperative small intestinal obstruction caused by barbed suture after robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.

Introduction: We present a case of small intestinal obstruction due to a barbed suture used for peritoneal closure during robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Case presentation: A female patient with pelvic organ prolapse underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy uneventfully. Intestinal obstruction developed on postoperative Day 4. Conservative treatment with the ileus tube failed to improve abdominal symptoms. The laparoscopic examination on postoperative Day 14 revealed the barbed suture entangled with the small intestinal mesentery. The tail of the barbed suture was laparoscopically detached from the mesentery without damaging the small intestine. The tail of the barbed suture was trimmed; an antiadhesive material was applied to the peritoneal closure line and the trimmed tail of the barbed suture. Conclusion: We recommend the use of conventional absorbable sutures in the peritoneal cavity because of the potential risk of intestinal obstruction caused by the barbed suture.

Frequency and Distribution of Sheet and Nodular Calcification in Coronary Arteries in Japanese Patients.

Whether a nodular calcification (NC), which is the precursor to intracoronary thrombosis, is focally or diffusely distributed in the coronary tree has major implications for ongoing efforts to identify. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and spatial distribution patterns of sheet calcification (SC) and NC in a 3-vessel examination of autopsied human hearts.A total of 323 coronary artery specimens from 110 cadavers were obtained from autopsy cases. After fixation and decalcification, the coronary artery trees were cut every 5 mm into 4-µm transverse cross-sections for histological assessment. An SC was defined as a plate-like calcification of > 1 quadrant of the vessel or > 3 mm in diameter, and NC as nodular calcium deposits separated by fibrin, and a deposit size > 1 mm in diameter.Of the 6,306 histological cross-sections, SCs and NCs were identified in 1,627 (26%) and 233 (4%) cross-sections, respectively. SCs and NCs had a similar distribution pattern in all 3 coronary arteries. In the left anterior descending artery (LAD), NCs were predominantly located in the proximal segment: the first 45 mm from the LAD ostium (72%) and the first 60 mm from the LAD ostium (84%), respectively. However, NCs were evenly distributed throughout the length of the coronary artery in the right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex artery (LCX).NCs coexisted with SCs, and tended to cluster in predictable parts within the proximal segments of the LAD, but were evenly distributed throughout the RCA and LCX in coronary arteries from cadavers.

Internet research of utilization of social media in patients with urological disease and their families in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: To survey the utilization of social media (SoMe) in patients with urological disease and their families. METHODS: Among the panel members registered in NEO Marketing Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), 300 people who or whose families were visiting the urological department regularly were included. Study subjects were randomly chosen and surveyed using the questionnaire over the internet. RESULTS: This study included 203 (68%) males and 97 (32%) females. The mean age was 62 (21-85) in males and 49 (22-75) in females. One hundred and ten subjects (37%) had no account for any SoMe. The account holders of YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok were 119 (40%), 117 (39%), 101 (34%), 90 (30%), and 33 (11%), respectively. The proportions of account holders were different depending on gender, age, and platforms. Frequent viewers on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok were 100 (84%), 89 (76%), 63 (62%), 66 (73%), and 24 (73%), respectively. Of 190 who had accounts for any SoMes, 64 (34%) found any information about urological diseases of themselves or their families. Among the all subjects, 162 (54%) thought that they would like to view the medical contents on SoMes submitted by medical societies. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with urological disease and their families in Japan occasionally utilize SoMe to obtain information on their diseases and prefer professional medical information on SoMe. The gender and age of SoMe users and the optimal platform should be considered when posting medical information on SoMe.

Prediction of medial damage by rotational atherectomy using intravascular ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images before rotational atherectomy (RA) can predict medial injury caused by RA burr passage in advance. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with de-novo lesions located in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) who underwent IVUS before and immediately after RA were enrolled. The spatial axes of the two matched pre- and post-RA IVUS cross-sectional images were merged. The segment was considered to have medial damage when the continuity of the intimal layer was disrupted and the medial layer was in direct contact with the lumen on post-RA IVUS. RESULTS: Medial injuries on post-RA IVUS were identified in seven segments of five patients. All segments with medial injury were located near the bifurcation of the LAD and the diagonal branch, and the spatial orientations of the medial injury region were mostly distributed in the lateral side with a diagonal branch take-off. The lumen area was significantly smaller in segments with medial injury than in those without medial injury (P < 0.01). The IVUS catheter was in contact with the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images for more than 1 mm in length in all segments with medial injury. CONCLUSION: When the guidewire and IVUS catheter are close to the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images, there is a higher risk of medial injury due to the RA procedure, especially near the bifurcation of the LAD and diagonal branch.

Polymyxin B and low-dose hydrocortisone treatment in a patient with uroseptic shock in a rural health unit.

Sepsis has a high mortality rate; thus, in the intensive care unit, early diagnosis and adjunctive treatments are crucial. However, generally, most patients with sepsis from rural area initially visit the emergency department at a rural hospital and are managed in general medical wards in Japan. Here we report on an 81-year-old Japanese female manifesting septic shock caused by the upper urinary tract infection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli secondary to the left ureter obstruction by the urothelial carcinoma. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered. Although critical for the source control of infection, drainage of the ureteropelvic junction could not be performed immediately because of catecholamine-resistant hypotension. Hence, we administered polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion, followed by low-dose hydrocortisone administration. After 8 hours of infusion, she recovered from the septic shock and successfully underwent emergency percutaneous nephrostomy. This presented strategy may provide a new resolution of catecholamine-resistant patients in urosepsis.

Additional decrease in fractional flow reserve in the left anterior descending artery after hand-grip exercise during pharmacological coronary hyperemia.

Maximal hyperemia at the time of fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement is generally induced by vasodilators, even when hyperemia at the onset of angina symptoms is caused by exercise stress. This study was designed to evaluate whether pharmacological hyperemia could be used as a substitute for exercise-induced hyperemia during FFR measurement. Twenty-two patients with angiographically intermediate stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were prospectively enrolled. FFR measurements were repeated in the following two conditions while the pressure-wire was positioned in the same segment; (1) during pharmacological hyperemia induced by intracoronary administration of 2 mg nicorandil, (2) immediately after isotonic hand-grip exercise for 90 s (50% of maximum voluntary contraction) followed by intracoronary administration of 2 mg nicorandil. Isotonic hand-grip exercise increased systolic blood pressure (130 ± 19 versus 150 ± 22 mmHg, p < 0.001), heart rate (71 ± 11 versus 79 ± 13 bpm, p < 0.001), and cardiac output (5.1 ± 1.2 versus 5.9 ± 1.5 L/min, p < 0.001), which indicated an increased afterload on the left ventricle. After the hand-grip exercise, FFR significantly decreased from 0.86 ± 0.06 to 0.84 ± 0.06 (p < 0.001). A percent increase in systolic blood pressure and cardiac output after hand-grip exercise strongly correlated with ΔFFR (r = - 0.65, p < 0.001 and r = - 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively). An increase in cardiac output with hand-grip exercise during pharmacological hyperemia could induce an additional decrease in FFR for lesions located in the LAD.

Influence of different physiological hemodynamics on fractional flow reserve values in the left coronary artery and right coronary artery.

BACKGROUND: Although the left coronary artery (LCA) has a flow profile in that most blood flow occurs during diastole rather than systole, the right coronary artery (RCA) has a flow pattern that is less diastolic dominant. This study assessed whether coronary pressure waveforms distal to stenoses with the same fractional flow reserve (FFR) was the same between the LCA and RCA. METHODS: A total of 347 vessels from 318 patients who underwent FFR measurements were included. Conventional FFR was calculated as the ratio of the mean coronary distal pressure (Pd) to the mean aortic pressure (Pa) at maximal hyperemia. The pressure drop ratios in systole (PDRsystole) and diastole (PDRdiastole) were calculated as the sum of (Pa minus Pd) divided by the sum of Pa at the intracoronary diastolic and systolic pressure phases, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance of the regression line of correlation between conventional FFR and PDRsystole revealed that the slope was significantly greater in the RCA than in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) (-0.765, -0.578, and -0.589, p < 0.001). On the other hand, the regression line of correlation between conventional FFR and PDRdiastole found that the slope was significantly greater in the LAD and LCX than in the RCA (-1.349, -1.318, and -1.223, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The pressure waveform distal to the stenosis differs between the LCA and RCA. In the LCA, the decrease in diastolic pressure mainly contributed to the drop in FFR, whereas in the RCA, it was the decrease in systolic pressure.

The incidence, natural history, and predictive factors for tissue protrusion after drug-eluting stent implantation.

OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND: Although tissue protrusion (TP) between the stent struts after stent implantation has been implicate as a potential factor of stent failure, the incidence, natural history, and predictive factor of TP after stent implantation remains unclear. This prospective study evaluated the fate of TP after drug-eluting stent (DES) deployment using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHOD AND RESULT: This study analyzed TP for 42 lesions after DES in which three serial OCTs, including preprocedure, postprocedure, and 1-month after the procedure were performed. TP was classified into the five groups: (a) persistent, (b) progressive, (c) healed, (d) regressive, and (e) late-acquired. Immediately after the procedure, 100 TPs in 37 lesions (88%) were identified. Of those, 53 (53%) were persistent, 3 (3%) were progressive, 20 (20%) were healed, and 24 (24%) were regressed at 1-month follow-up. Seven TPs in five patients (13%) were observed only at 1-month follow-up (late-acquired). CONCLUSION: In lesions with late-acquired TP, calcified nodule was identified as an underlying plaque morphology on preprocedural OCT. A serial OCT analysis found TP occurred not only immediately after DES implantation, but also 1-month after DES implantation.

Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for the identification of in-stent fibroatheroma following stent implantation: an ex vivo histological validation study.

The accurate identification of in-stent fibroatheroma by in vivo imaging is clinically important to preventing the late catch-up phenomenon after stent deployment. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the detection of "in-stent fibroatheroma" following stent implantation. Fifty stented coronary arteries from the 31 autopsy hearts were examined to compare OCT and histological image findings. A histological in-stent fibroatheroma was defined as a neointima containing an acellular necrotic core generated by macrophage infiltration. OCT-derived in-stent fibroatheroma comprised a heterogeneous pattern with an invisible stent strut behind the low-signal-intensity region. A total of 122 matched OCT and histology cross-sections were evaluated. Using histological findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for OCT-derived in-stent fibroatheroma were 100%, 99%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The only histological finding underlying the false-positive diagnosis of OCT-derived in-stent fibroatheroma was foam cell accumulation without a necrotic core on the neointimal surface. No false-negative diagnosis of OCT for in-stent fibroatheroma was apparent in this analysis. This study demonstrated the potential capability of OCT based on stent strut visualization behind low-signal-intensity regions to discriminate in-stent fibroatheroma from other neointimal tissues.

Tangential signal dropout artefact in optical frequency domain imaging.

BACKGROUND: Tangential signal dropout (TSD), which occurs when the optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) beam strikes the vessel wall under a glancing angle and travels almost parallel to the vessel wall, is the most important imaging artefact leading to the erroneous diagnosis of lipid-rich plaques. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the OFDI artefact of TSD, which mimics the appearance of lipid-rich plaque and macrophage (Mø) infiltration. METHODS: A total of 1,019 histological cross-sections from 23 autopsy hearts were matched with the corresponding OFDI images. Of these, 232 OFDI cross-sections that contained signal-poor regions with diffuse borders were classified as lipid-rich plaques. The angle θ was calculated between the OFDI beam that strikes the edge of the luminal surface of the low-intensity region and that which strikes the surface line of the low-intensity region. RESULTS: On histological evaluation, 182 (78%) cross-sections were classified as histologically lipidic/Mø infiltration, while the remaining 50 (22%) cross-sections were classified as histologically non-lipidic/Mø infiltration. The angle θ was significantly smaller in the non-lipidic/Mø infiltration group than in the lipidic/Mø infiltration group (12±6° versus 37±14°, p<0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value of the incident angle for predicting TSD was 23° with an area under the curve of 0.98. CONCLUSIONS: When the OFDI imaging beam strikes the tissue at an angle θ<23°, TSD artefact could occur. To eliminate image misinterpretation, our findings suggest that the OFDI catheter geometry should be considered for the accurate diagnosis of lipid-rich plaques and Mø infiltration.

Prediction of optimal debulking segments before rotational atherectomy based on pre-procedural intravascular ultrasound findings.

This study evaluated whether intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination before rotational atherectomy (RA) can predict the optimal route of passage of the RA burr along the vessel. 30 patients with calcified lesions who underwent IVUS before and immediately after RA were enrolled. IVUS analyses were performed at the minimum lumen area (MLA) site and at 0.5 mm intervals. Each IVUS cross-section was divided into 4 quadrants around the center of the lumen, and pre- and post-RA IVUS cross-section images were merged. Of 1140 cross-sections, 498 (44%) contained debulked regions. When the guidewire and IVUS were located within the same quadrant, the debulked region were distributed within the same quadrant in 96% of cross-sections. The debulked region and the guidewire were distributed within the same quadrant in 81% and the debulked region and the IVUS in 72% of cross-sections, in case the guidewire and IVUS were located in different quadrants. When the guidewire and the IVUS was apart > 1.0 mm, the debulked regions were distributed within the same quadrant as the guidewire in 100% and the IVUS in 0% of cross-sections. The position of the guidewire rather than that of the IVUS catheter on pre-RA IVUS images could predict the course of the RA burr's passage, especially when the guidewire and IVUS catheter were located apart from each other.

Interobserver variability in assessments of atherosclerotic lesion type via optical frequency domain imaging.

BACKGROUND: To date, there have been no data available regarding the diagnostic performance of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) for in vivo histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions. This study investigated whether OFDI can be used to diagnose and classify histological atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary artery by ex vivo histological examinations. METHODS: Three-hundred-fifteen histological cross-sections from 21 autopsy hearts were matched with the OFDI images. Histological cross-sections were classified into six categories: adaptive intimal thickening (AIT), pathological intimal thickening (PIT), fibrous cap atheroma (FA), fibrocalcific plaque (FC), calcified nodule, and healed erosion/rupture. The five observers with different years of experience in the interpretation of OFDI provided a single diagnosis for the OFDI scans of each cross-section according to the aforementioned six histological categories. The diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability of lesion types for each OFDI observer were determined using histology as the gold standard. RESULTS: The overall agreement rates between OFDI and histopathologic diagnosis for OFDI observers 1-5 were 81%, 70%, 68%, 61%, and 50% (κ values of 0.75, 0.61, 0.58, 0.49, and 0.36), respectively. Although the diagnostic accuracy of OFDI for detecting AIT and FC was excellent for all five observers, the sensitivity, and positive predictive values of OFDI for detecting PIT and FA were low in proportion to years of experience. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of atherosclerotic tissue properties from OFDI scans correlated with the observers' years of experience, especially when lesions contained lipid components.

Prognostic Value of Psoas Muscle Mass Index in Patients With Non‒ST-Segment‒Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background Muscle wasting is an important predictor of long-term outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease, but the prognostic value of muscle wasting in patients with non‒ST-segment‒elevation myocardial infarction is not established. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of muscle wasting, defined by psoas muscle mass index (PMI), in patients with non‒ST-segment‒elevation myocardial infarction. Methods and Results A total of 132 consecutive patients with non‒ST-segment‒elevation myocardial infarction were prospectively enrolled between 2015 and 2018. Primary end point was incidence of cardiovascular events including cardiovascular deaths, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke. Cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at the L3 vertebral level was obtained by computed tomography and PMI was calculated. The median follow-up period was 2.4 years (interquartile range, 1.1-4.0 years). There were 45 cardiovascular events (34%) during the study periods. The optimal cutoff value of PMI to predict cardiovascular events was 772 mm2/m2, as assessed by receiver operating curve analysis. Patients with reduced PMI (PMI<772 mm2/m2) had significantly higher cardiovascular events than those with preserved PMI (PMI≥772 mm2/m2) (48% versus 21%; log-rank test P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that reduced PMI was a statistically significant predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.70-6.40; P<0.001). Conclusions Muscle wasting defined as PMI is a simple and useful objective marker to predict future cardiovascular outcome in patients with non‒ST-segment‒elevation myocardial infarction. Registration Information URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/; Unique identifier: UMIN000013445.

Loss of skeletal muscle mass predicts cardiac death in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction but not heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.

AIMS: Loss of skeletal muscle mass is an important determinant associated with poor long-term prognosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, limited evidence is available. This study investigated the prognostic value of the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) in patients with ADHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 210 consecutive patients aged ≥60 years with ADHF were enrolled using a prospective database between 2015 and 2017. Primary endpoint was incidence of cardiac death. Cross-sectional psoas muscle area at the L3 vertebral level was obtained by computed tomography, and PMI was calculated by height. Reduced PMI was defined as a PMI below the 25th sex-specific percentile. Patients were also classified by their left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as having either heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, EF < 50%) or heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%). The median follow-up period was 1.8 years. There were 44 cardiac deaths (21%) during the study period. Patients with reduced PMI had significantly higher cardiac death rates than those with preserved PMI (33% vs. 17%, log-rank test P = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, HFpEF patients with reduced PMI had significantly higher cardiac death rates than those with preserved PMI (38% vs. 16%, log-rank test P = 0.006); conversely, HFrEF patients had comparable cardiac death rates regardless of their PMI group (27% for reduced PMI vs. 18% for preserved PMI, log-rank test P = 0.24). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that patients with reduced PMI had a 2.3-fold higher risk of cardiac death compared with patients with preserved PMI (95% confidence interval 1.23-4.42, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced PMI helps to predict long-term outcome in patients with HFpEF but not HFrEF.

Coronary artery calcification as a novel predictive marker of unstable coronary lesion in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation.

AIM: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). A highly predictive marker is needed to identify AMI in survivors of OHCA without ST-segment elevation because the appropriate indication for emergency coronary artery angiography in patients without ST-segment segment elevation has not been determined. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical significance of coronary artery calcification in identifying survivors of OHCA without ST-segment elevation who could benefit from emergency coronary artery angiography. METHODS: Survivors of OHCA without ST-segment elevation with no obvious extra-cardiac cause who underwent emergency computed tomography and coronary artery angiography were enrolled. Unstable coronary lesion was diagnosed using coronary artery angiography, and presence of coronary artery calcification and coronary artery calcium score were evaluated by non-contrast, non-electrocardiography gated computed tomography. RESULTS: Thirty of 100 consecutive survivors of OHCA were diagnosed to have unstable coronary lesion. Sensitivity and specificity of coronary artery calcification in identifying unstable coronary lesion were 87% and 60%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that coronary artery calcification was an independent predictor of unstable coronary lesion (odds ratio: 7.28, 95% confidence interval: 2.00-26.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Evaluation of coronary artery calcification by computed tomography is useful in identifying patients with unstable coronary lesion who could benefit from emergency coronary artery angiography among survivors of OHCA without ST-segment elevation on post-resuscitation electrocardiography.

Differential influence of lesion length on fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary lesions between each coronary artery.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated whether the influence of lesion length on functional significance is similar between each target artery. BACKGROUND: In the presence of a similar moderate degree of stenosis, the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is more often <0.80 than in the other arteries. METHODS: A total of 221 lesions with intermediate stenosis on coronary angiography that underwent FFR measurement for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia were enrolled. Quantitative coronary angiographic analysis including percent diameter stenosis and lesion length was performed. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was estimated for the best cutoff value as a predictor of FFR value of ≤0.80 for each coronary artery. RESULTS: Although lesion length was similar among the lesions with an FFR >0.80 at different locations, the mean lesion length was significantly longer for lesions in the right coronary artery (RCA) with an FFR ≤0.80 than for those in the LAD and left circumflex artery (13.4 ± 3.4 vs. 8.6 ± 3.1 vs. 12.0 ± 3.7 mm, p < .001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value of lesion length for predicting an FFR ≤0.80 was 10.0 mm in the LAD (0.56 area under the curve [AUC], 48% sensitivity, and 76% specificity), whereas 13.1 mm in the RCA (0.84 AUC, 67% sensitivity, and 93% specificity). CONCLUSIONS: The impact of lesion length on myocardial ischemia is different for each coronary artery. A longer lesion length is required in the RCA than in the LAD to achieve an FFR ≤0.80.