RESUMO
French Guiana experienced an unprecedented dengue epidemic during 2023-2024. Prior to the 2023-2024 outbreak in French Guiana, DENV-3 had not circulated in an epidemic manner since 2005. We therefore studied retrospectively the strains circulating in the French Territories of the Americas (FTA)-French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique-from the 2000s to the current epidemic. To this end, DENV-3 samples from the collection of the National Reference Center for Arboviruses in French Guiana (NRCA-FG) were selected and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT. Phylogenetic analysis showed that (i) the 97 FTA sequences obtained all belonged to genotype III (GIII); (ii) between the 2000s and 2013, the regional circulation of the GIII American-I lineage was the source of the FTA cases through local extinctions and re-introductions; (iii) multiple introductions of lineages of Asian origin appear to be the source of the 2019-2021 epidemic in Martinique and the 2023-2024 epidemic in French Guiana. Genomic surveillance is a key factor in identifying circulating DENV genotypes, monitoring strain evolution, and identifying import events.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Surtos de Doenças , Genótipo , Filogenia , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Martinica/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , RNA Viral/genéticaAssuntos
Monkeypox virus , Mpox , Feminino , Humanos , Mpox/epidemiologia , Mpox/prevenção & controle , GravidezRESUMO
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arbovirus) is an ecological term defining viruses that are maintained in nature through biological transmission between a susceptible vertebrate host and a hematophagous arthropod such as a mosquito [...].
Assuntos
Infecções por Arbovirus , Arbovírus , Artrópodes , Culicidae , Animais , VertebradosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While Latin America has been heavily affected by the pandemic, only a few seroprevalence studies have been conducted there during the first epidemic wave in the first half of 2020. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional survey was performed between 15 July 2020 and 23 July 2020 among individuals who visited 4 medical laboratories or 5 health centers for routine screening or clinical management, with the exception of symptomatic suggestive cases of covid-19. Samples were screened for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG directed against domain S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from Euroimmun. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The overall seroprevalence was 15.4% [9.3%-24.4%] among 480 participants, ranging from 4.0% to 25.5% across the different municipalities. The seroprevalence did not differ according to gender (p = 0.19) or age (p = 0.51). Among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, we found that 24.6% [11.5%-45.2%] reported symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Our findings revealed high levels of infection across the territory but a low number of resulting deaths, which can be explained by French Guiana's young population structure.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mosquitoes are the main arthropod vectors of human pathogens. The current methods for mosquito identification include morphological and molecular methods. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), now routinely used for bacterial identification, has recently emerged in the field of entomology. The aim of this study was to use MALDI-TOF MS to identify mosquito colonies from French Polynesia. Five hundred specimens from French Polynesia belonging to three species, Aedes aegypti, Aedes polynesiensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus, were included in the study. Testing the legs of these mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS revealed a 100% correct identification of all specimens at the species level. The MALDI-TOF MS profiles obtained allowed differentiation of male from female mosquitoes and the specific identification of female mosquito colonies of the same species but different geographic origin.
Assuntos
Aedes/química , Culex/química , Análise para Determinação do Sexo/normas , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/normas , Animais , Entomologia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mosquitos Vetores/química , Polinésia , Análise para Determinação do Sexo/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodosRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV), a neurotropic single-stranded RNA flavivirus, remains an important cause of congenital infection, fetal microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in populations where ZIKV has adapted to a nexus involving the Aedes mosquitoes and humans. To date, outbreaks of ZIKV have occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, the Americas, and the Caribbean. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that the virus also has the potential to cause infections in Europe, where autochtonous transmission of the virus has been identified. This review focuses on evolving ZIKV epidemiology, modes of transmission and host-virus interactions. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic issues relating to cross-reactivity to the dengue flavivirus and concerns surrounding ZIKV infection in pregnancy are discussed. In the last section, current challenges in treatment and prevention are outlined.
RESUMO
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivirus infections can be asymptomatic, responsible for unspecific symptoms in the first few days following infection, or responsible for severe complications potentially resulting in death. During the first days following symptom onset, laboratory diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infection is mainly based on molecular detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR methods, followed by the capture of specific antibodies using serological tests after the first week of infection. The detection of antibodies that have virus neutralizing activity can be used to confirm flavivirus infection. However, human flavivirus infections induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies, often making serology inconclusive. Indeed, serological diagnosis of flavivirus infection can be hampered by a patient's history of flavivirus exposure, particularly in regions where multiple antigenically related flaviviruses co-circulate. We focus our mini review on conventional immunoassays that allow the diagnosis of major flavivirus-associated human infections in basic, routine and high-profile central health centers; and the interpretation of diagnostic serology tests for patients living within different epidemiological situations.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Infecções , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Organização Mundial da SaúdeAssuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pneumonia Viral , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Pandemias , Gravidez , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Algoritmos , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Pandemias , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/terapia , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Aedes , Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Animais , Infecções por Arbovirus/transmissão , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/transmissão , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/transmissão , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Estações do Ano , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissãoRESUMO
RATIONALE FOR REVIEW: Young adults of childbearing age and pregnant women are travelling more frequently to tropical areas, exposing them to specific arboviral infections such as dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses, which may impact ongoing and future pregnancies. In this narrative review, we analyse their potential consequences on pregnancy outcomes and discuss current travel recommendations. MAIN FINDINGS: Dengue virus may be associated with severe maternal complications, particularly post-partum haemorrhage. Its association with adverse fetal outcomes remains unclear, but prematurity, growth retardation and stillbirths may occur, particularly in cases of severe maternal infection. Zika virus is a teratogenic infectious agent associated with severe brain lesions, with similar risks to other well-known TORCH pathogens. Implications of chikungunya virus in pregnancy are mostly related to intrapartum transmission that may be associated with severe neonatal infections and long-term morbidity. TRAVEL RECOMMENDATIONS: Few agencies provide specific travel recommendations for travelling pregnant patients or couples trying to conceive and discrepancies exist, particularly regarding Zika virus prevention. The risks significantly depend on epidemiological factors that may be difficult to predict. Prevention relies principally on mosquito control measures. Couples trying to conceive and pregnant women should receive adequate information about the potential risks. It seems reasonable to advise pregnant women to avoid unnecessary travel to Aedes spp. endemic regions. The current rationale to avoid travel and delay conception is debatable in the absence of any epidemic. Post-travel laboratory testing should be reserved for symptomatic patients.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Viagem , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , GravidezAssuntos
Pandemias , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/embriologia , Feminino , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/etiologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/terapia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pandemias/história , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/terapiaRESUMO
A 59-year-old tobacco smoker male with chronic bronchitis living in Taravao, French Polynesia, Pacific, presented with a two-year growing nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. A guided bronchoalveolar lavage inoculated onto Löwenstein-Jensen medium yielded colonies of a rapidly-growing non-chromogenic mycobacterium designed as isolate P7213. The isolate could not be identified using routine matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and phenotypic and probe-hybridization techniques and yielded 100% and 97% sequence similarity with the respective 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences of Mycobacterium virginiense in the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Electron microscopy showed a 1.15 µm long and 0.38 µm large bacillus which was in vitro susceptible to rifampicin, rifabutin, ethambutol, isoniazid, doxycycline and kanamycin. Its 4,511,948-bp draft genome exhibited a 67.6% G + C content with 4,153 coding-protein genes and 87 predicted RNA genes. Genome sequence-derived DNA-DNA hybridization, OrthoANI and pangenome analysis confirmed isolate P7213 was representative of a new species in the M. terrae complex. We named this species "Mycobacterium mephinesia".
Assuntos
Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium/genética , Polinésia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Zika and chikungunya viruses were first detected in Fiji in 2015. Examining surveillance and phylogenetic and serologic data, we found evidence of low-level transmission of Zika and chikungunya viruses during 2013-2017, in contrast to the major outbreaks caused by closely related virus strains in other Pacific Island countries.