Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Electroactive and Conductive Materials for Biomedical Applications.

Electrically responsive biomaterials are an important and emerging technology in the fields of biomedical and material sciences. A great deal of research explores the integral role of electrical conduction in normal and diseased cell biology, and material scientists are focusing an even greater amount of attention on natural and hybrid materials as sources of biomaterials which can mimic the properties of cells. This review establishes a summary of those efforts for the latter group, detailing the current materials, theories, methods, and applications of electrically conductive biomaterials fabricated from protein polymers and polysaccharides. These materials can be used to improve human life through novel drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biosensing technologies. The immediate goal of this review is to establish fabrication methods for protein and polysaccharide-based materials that are biocompatible and feature modular electrical properties. Ideally, these materials will be inexpensive to make with salable production strategies, in addition to being both renewable and biocompatible.

Glucantime y prolongación del intervalo QTc: una combinación fatal / Glucantime and QTc interval prolongation: A fatal combination

Resumen La leishmaniosis cutánea es una enfermedad causada por un parásito pro tozoo intracelular; el glucantime es una opción terapéutica, aunque está asociado con alteraciones cardiovasculares, siendo la más frecuente la prolongación del intervalo QTc que se presenta entre el 17,8 % y 19 % de los pacientes. Si este efecto no es detectado a tiempo puede causar una arritmia fatal por torsade de pointes. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 77 años quien se encontraba en tratamiento con glucantime intramus cular como tratamiento de leishmaniosis cutánea e ingresó por un cuadro clínico de hipocalemia severa refractaria y episodios de torsade de pointes; posteriormente, presentó fibrilación ventricular que no respondió a des fibrilación y reanimación. Las alteraciones en la repolarización cardiaca producidas por este medicamento se consideran secundarias a la acu mulación de compuestos pentavalentes y trivalentes en el miocardio. No existe tratamiento específico para esta situación, pero siempre se debe realizar manejo de soporte, evitar fármacos que prolonguen el intervalo QT, normalizar los niveles de potasio y de magnesio, elevar la frecuencia cardiaca con isoproterenol e implantar marcapaso transvenoso para lograr sobre-estimulación y reducción de los periodos refractarios.

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite; Glucantime is a therapeutic option, although it is associated with cardiovascular alterations, the most frequent being the prolongation of the QTc interval, that occurs between 17.8% and 19% of patients. If this effect is not early recognized, it can cause a fatal arrhythmia due to torsade de pointes. The case of a 77-year-old patient who was receiving intramuscu lar glucantime as treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis is presented, the patient was admitted with severe refractory hypokalemia and episodes of torsade de pointes; subsequently, presented ventricular fibrillation that did not respond to defibrillation and resuscitation. The alterations in cardiac repolarization produced by this medicine are considered secondary to the accumulation of pentavalent and trivalent compounds in the myocardium. There is no specific treatment for this situation, but supportive manage ment should always be performed, avoid drugs that prolong the QT inter val, normalize potassium and magnesium levels, raise the heart rate with isoproterenol and implant transvenous pacemaker to achieve over-stimulation and reduction of refractory periods.

Evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la Resolución 0412/00 en recién nacidos atendidos en un centro de atención primaria en la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia), 2011-2012, estudio de corte transversal / Newborn assessment and monitoring the third day of life in a primary care center in the Manizales city (Colombia). 2011-2012, cross-sectional study / Avaliação da aplicação das recomendações da Resolução 0412/00 em recém nascidos em um centro de atenção primaria na cidade de Manizales (Colômbia) 2011-2012, estudo de corte transversal

Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución del recién nacido según los cuidados de puericultura citados en la Resolución 0412 del Ministerio de la Protección Social (Colombia) al momento del nacimiento y al tercer día de nacido. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio de corte transversal retrospectivo, que se realizó con datos obtenidos de 1202 historias clínicas de atención al nacimiento y control al tercer día en el año 2012 de niños nacidos en el centro ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colombia). Se evaluaron variables de la madre, variables del parto, variables del neonato al nacimiento y al 3° día. Resultados: La edad promedio de la madre de 23 años, el 95,1% asistieron a los controles prenatales. Al momento del nacimiento se encontró que al 98.8% de los recién nacidos se les colocó brazalete de identificación, también al 98,4% de los RN se les aplicó las vacunas (BCG, anti-hepatitis B), en el 83,9% de los partos se realizó un pinzamiento tardío del cordón umbilical; al 99,6% profilaxis ocular, 99,7% profilaxis muñón umbilical. Al control del tercer día se observó que el 13,4% de los recién nacidos presentaron ictericia, el 3,8% presentaron anormalidades al examen físico siendo la conjuntivitis la más frecuente con un 0,7% y el 90,1% asistieron a este control. Conclusiones: En los hallazgos de esta investigación se concluye que en los cuidados que se le brinda a esta población, se cumplen los parámetros establecidos por la Resolución 0412 del Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia.

Objective: Evaluate the evolution of newborn care as childcare resolution 0412 cited in Ministry of Social Protection at birth and on the third day of life. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, which was performed with 1202 data from medical records of birth care and control on the third day in 2012 children born in the center ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colombia). The study evaluated 37 variables were classified as maternal variables, birth variables, and NB variables to 3 days. Results: The average age of the mother of 23 years, 95.1% attended prenatal care. At birth it was found that 100% of infants were placed identification bracelet, also at 100% of newborns were administered vaccines (vsg, hepatitis B), 83.9% of births performed delayed cord clamping. The control of the third day was observed that 13.4% of the newborns had jaundice, 3.8% of the newborns had abnormalities on physical examination remain the most frequent conjunctivitis with 0.7% and 90, 1% attended this control. Conclusions: In the findings of this research concludes that ASSBASALUD ESE institution meets the parameters of 0412 resolution of health and social protection ministry of the Colombian republic.

Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução do recém nascido segundo as recomendações de puericultura da resolução 0412 do Ministério da Proteção Social (Colômbia) no momento do nascimento e ao terceiro dia de nascido. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal-retrospectivo o qual foi feito em 2012 com dados obtidos de 1202 historias clinicas de atenção ao nascimento e controle ao terceiro dia, de crianças nascidos no centro ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colômbia). Foram avaliadas variáveis da mãe, de parto, do neonato ao nascimento e ao terceiro dia. Resultados: A idade meia das mães foi de 23 anos; o 95% tiveram controles pré-natais. Ao momento do nascimento, o 98.8% dos recém nascidos tinham pulseira de identificação, o 98.4% tinham vacinas (BCG, anti-hepatitis B); o 83.9% tinham pinçamento tardio do cordão umbilical; o 99.6% profilaxia ocular e o 99.7% profilaxia do cordão umbilical. No controle do terceiro dia (90,1% das crianças) se observou que o 13,4% dos recém nascidos apresentaram icterícia. Além disso, o 3.8% apresentaram anormalidades ao exame físico, sendo a conjuntivites a mais frequente (0,7%). Conclusões: Os dados deste estúdio concluem que os cuidados que são oferecidos a esta população cumprem os parâmetros estabelecidos pela resolução 0412 do Ministério da Proteção Social da Republica da Colômbia.