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1.
Clin Exp Pediatr ; 2024 Oct 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39483045

RESUMO

Background: Hospitalizations and surgical procedures are unpleasant for both children and their parents. Therefore, postoperative pain assessments and management are less commonly performed in younger children than in adults. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on postoperative pain and anxiety in children. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 160 children were randomly allocated to experimental (n=80) and control (n=80) groups. The children in the experimental group received age-appropriate distraction interventions for 3 postoperative days along with usual care. Children in the control group received standard care only. Each patient's pain was assessed using the EVENDOL pain scale, while their anxiety was measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The children in the experimental group showed significantly decreased pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) compared to those in the control group. Significant intergroup differences were noted in the mean and standard deviation values of the pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters. Conclusion: The distraction interventions provided by nurses reduced the pain and anxiety levels and improved the postoperative recovery of pediatric surgical patients.

2.
Patient Educ Couns ; 130: 108458, 2024 Oct 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39413719

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a psychosocial education program on postnatal depression (PND), perceived stress, (PSS), and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy (PMPSE). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial design was used with stratified block randomization. The sample size consisted of 128 pregnant women. The women in the experimental group were provided with a psychosocial education program along with standard care, and the control group received standard care with an information pamphlet. Post-test assessments (PND, PSS, and PMPSE) were performed at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after delivery in both groups. RESULTS: The result of the effect of the intervention on outcome variables on repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was a positive statistically significant reduction in scores of postnatal depression [F (1, 119) = 18.832, p = 0 < 0.001] and perceived stress [F (1,119) = 22.488, p = < 0.001] and no statistically significant change in perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy in the experimental group [F (1,119) = 0.036, p = 0.850]. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial education program was found to be effective in reducing postnatal depression and stress related to pregnancy and childbirth to enable a smooth transition to motherhood. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Given the benefits the program provides to women, this psychosocial education program could be incorporated into routine antenatal care for pregnant women.

3.
Dementia (London) ; 23(8): 1327-1353, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38901056

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This review examined the evidence for interventions to prevent the abuse of people living with dementia in the community. METHODS: The articles were retrieved from 2000 to 2023 from six databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, EMBASE, ProQuest Medical Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The research articles that focused on finding the effectiveness of interventions for preventing abuse of people living with dementia in community settings were included in this review. The review included randomized controlled trials and pre-test post-test trials only. The quality appraisal of the eligible studies was done using ROB 2 and ROBINS II. The findings were tabulated and narratively synthesised. RESULTS: Out of 1831 articles, only three were included in this review. Only two RCTs were included in this efficacy review. Both the studies showed that the interventions were not effective in reducing abuse. The studies utilised family caregiver interventions like psychological interventions and online supportive education. The review identified psychological interventions with some evidence. Another study was a quasi-experimental study that used dialectical behaviour therapy as an intervention to reduce abuse occurrence. The study showed low evidence and focused only on reporting of elder abuse as an outcome. CONCLUSION: This review found very few studies and was not able to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of interventions for abuse in people living with dementia. Given the paucity of research, there is a clear need to identify how to overcome the challenges faced in elder abuse research and further refine the development of approaches to reduce elder abuse among people living with dementia in community settings.


Assuntos
Demência , Abuso de Idosos , Idoso , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Demência/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/prevenção & controle , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Vida Independente
4.
Support Care Cancer ; 32(4): 216, 2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448712

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The study aimed at evaluating the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Intervention Programme (CIP) on Quality of life (QOL), fatigue, self-efficacy, and psychosocial distress among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: Single-centre non-RCT time series study was conducted among 134 HNC patients (67 observed, followed by 67 subjected to CIP). FACT- H&N, FACT-F, Cancer Behavior Inventory and psychosocial distress scales were used to assess QOL, fatigue, self-efficacy, and psychosocial distress respectively. CIP was provided to the intervention arm twice a week during the course of radiation therapy along with the standard care; the control arm received only standard care. Data were collected before commencing radiotherapy, and post-test assessments were carried out at the end of radiotherapy treatment, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant improvement with CIP in QOL (F (1.917) = 454.103, p = 0.001), fatigue (F (2.106) = 183.775, p = 0.001), self-efficacy (F (2.429) = 190.861, p = 0.001), and psychosocial distress (F (2.288) = 290.105, p = 0.001) in the intervention arm. CONCLUSION: The CIP implemented to address multitude of issues in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy, proved to be effective in reducing the impact of treatment on QOL, fatigue, self-efficacy and psychosocial distress in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Radioterapia (Especialidade) , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Autoeficácia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Fadiga/etiologia
5.
Int J Ment Health Nurs ; 33(1): 37-51, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37772479

RESUMO

The stressful environment of any healthcare setting can be detrimental to nurses' mental and emotional health. In recent years, emotional intelligence (EI) has emerged as a vital psychological resource that positively impacts mental and emotional health and improves organizational functioning and success. This scoping review aimed to collate, synthesize and outline the research conducted on EI training programmes among nurses to assess their effectiveness in improving staff nurses' EI. Electronic databases of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, Embase and Web of Science were comprehensively searched for related studies published between 1990 and 2021 (updated in May 2022). Two investigators independently screened the abstracts of the retrieved studies against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 728 initially retrieved studies, only 7 were included in the final synthesis. The PRISMA-ScR (2018) checklist was used to report the study findings. All the studies included in the review reported a significant improvement in nurses' EI after a training programme. The results also indicate that EI interventions are an effective way to improve nurses' psychological resources (improve resilience and coping skills; reduce anxiety and stress), leadership qualities, job performance and patient experience of nursing care. As nurses are exposed to a wide range of emotions, human pain and suffering, the results of this review suggest that improving the EI skills of nurses through short training programmes is an effective way to maintain their emotional and mental well-being. This scoping review is preregistered in Prospero (CRD42020161084).


Assuntos
Inteligência Emocional , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Resiliência Psicológica , Humanos , Emoções , Saúde Mental , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia
6.
Stress Health ; 40(2): e3301, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37596955

RESUMO

The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the stress and stressors experienced by the parents of high-risk neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in India. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and Critical Appraisal Skill Programme checklist were used to assess the quality of included studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, ProQuest, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, Indian Citation Index, and J-Gate to identify relevant studies. Additionally, online hand searching was performed on Indian websites of relevant institutions, women and child health departments, repositories, registries, and paediatric journals. Twelve of the 21 quantitative studies found that maternal stress was higher than fathers due to the separation from their babies and the medical condition of the neonate. One qualitative study reported that financial burden, alterations in the parenting role, and concern over domestic issues are significant causes of fathers' stress. A meta-analysis of the included studies assessed the prevalence of maternal, paternal, and parental stress and reported that mothers experienced higher stress levels than fathers across all subscales. The most typical stressors for parents were changes in neonatal looks, behaviour, and altered parental roles. Beyond the immediate NICU care and interactions, other triggering factors of stress among parents must be considered to design multicomponent interventions in a local (Indian) context. Moreover, parental psychological support and regular counselling can be incorporated into the standard neonatal intensive care policy.


Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Estresse Psicológico , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Pai/psicologia , Índia
7.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs ; 53(2): 185-196, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38134967

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the Neonatal Nurse Navigator Program (NNNP) compared to usual care on maternal stress and neonatal salivary cortisol level (SCL) in the NICU. DESIGN: Randomized control trial. SETTING: NICU in a tertiary health care hospital in Manipal, Udupi District, Karnataka, India. PARTICIPANTS: Neonates between 34 and 36 weeks gestation and their mothers (N = 120 dyads). METHODS: We used block randomization to assign dyads to the intervention or control group. We measured maternal stress using the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and we estimated neonatal stress by measuring SCLs within 24 hours of NICU admission and before discharge from the unit. We conducted a descriptive analysis on participant characteristics and reported maternal stress levels using means and standard deviations. We used the analysis of covariance change score test to determine the difference in maternal and neonatal stress levels between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS: The NNNP group exhibited significantly lower maternal stress scores before discharge than the control group, and we observed reductions across all three subscales of the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Mean neonatal salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower in the interventional group than in the control group, F(1.117) = 24.03, 95% confidence interval [7.9, 18.6], p < .001. CONCLUSION: Use of the NNNP reduced maternal stress SCLs in high-risk neonates by actively engaging mothers in the care of their neonates in the NICU. We recommend adoption of the NNNP model as a standard care policy in NICUs throughout India.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Enfermeiros Neonatologistas , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Índia , Mães , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
8.
Support Care Cancer ; 32(1): 31, 2023 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38102525

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is impaired in patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) due to illness and treatment-associated morbidity. Although there is evidence from the studies on interventions' role in improving QOL receiving radiation therapy, these are not systematically synthesised. In this scoping review, we searched and synthesised the evidence on interventions to improve the QOL and its impact among patients with HNCs. METHODS: This scoping review was conducted using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, and the extensions suggested by Levac et al. were incorporated. Two reviewers independently searched four electronic databases using key thesaurus and free-text terms, and the data was extracted, tabulated, synthesised and reported as categories. RESULTS: Seventy-nine papers reported various interventions of diverse nature such as pharmacological, physical, nutritional, complementary and alternative therapies, psychosocial, oral care related, laser and photobiomodulation therapies, rehabilitative, educational, technology-based, surgical, device-related and nurse lead interventions. Most studies reported clinically meaningful impact of interventions on QOL, although the outcome differences were often statistically insignificant. Few studies reported a combination of interventions to address the multidimensional concerns faced by patients with HNCs. None of the studies examined the impact of interventions on QOL among long-term survivors of HNCs. CONCLUSION: As QOL concerns in patients with HNCs are multifaceted, more extensive studies with complex multi-component interventions and robust research designs are warranted.


Assuntos
Terapias Complementares , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Sobreviventes
9.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 12: e51792, 2023 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38015596

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent medical conditions that arise during pregnancy, resulting in maternal and neonatal complications. Mobile health (mHealth) has emerged as an innovative intervention for delivering maternal and child health care services. The evidence on the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in improving the health outcomes of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders is lacking. Therefore, there is a need for evidence synthesis using systematic review methods to address this evidence gap. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to determine the efficacy of mHealth interventions in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. The review will answer the following research questions: (1) What are the types of mHealth interventions used in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders? (2) Are the various mHealth interventions effective in improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes, health behaviors, and their knowledge of the disease? and (3) Are mHealth interventions effective in supporting health care providers to make health care decisions for pregnant women with hypertensive disorders? METHODS: This review will include randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, and cohort studies focusing on mHealth interventions for pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Studies reporting health care providers use of mHealth interventions in caring for pregnant women with hypertensive disorders will be included. The search strategy will be tailored to each database using database-specific search terms. The search will be conducted in PubMed-MEDLINE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Other literature sources, such as trial registries and bibliographies of relevant studies, will be additionally searched. Studies published in English from January 2000 to January 2023 will be included. A total of 2 review authors will independently perform the data extraction and the quality appraisal. For quality appraisal of randomized controlled trials, the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool will be used. The Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-1) tool will be used for nonrandomized controlled trials, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for cohort studies will be used. Any disagreements between the 2 reviewers will be resolved through discussion and a third reviewer if required. A meta-analysis will be performed based on the availability of the data. RESULTS: As per the protocol, the study methodology was followed, and 2 independent reviewers conducted the search in 6 databases and clinical registries. Currently, the review is in the full-text screening stage. The review will publish the results in the first quarter of 2024. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence synthesized from this systematic review will help guide future research, support health care decisions, and inform policy makers on the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in improving the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/51792.

10.
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J ; 23(3): 387-393, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37655089

RESUMO

Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the major public health problems worldwide among postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Lifestyle modification interventions along with pharmacotherapy help to revert bone loss and prevent complications. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal from January 2019 to December 2021 among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The postmenopausal women who attended the osteoporosis clinic and were within the age group of 45-65 years, could speak and understand English or Kannada and whose bone mineral density (BMD) score was between -1 and -3 were included in the study. The total sample size of the study was 120 with 60 in each of the experimental and control groups. After obtaining informed consent, a stratified block randomisation method was used to allocate the participants to intervention and control groups. The BMD was monitored by the portable ultrasound densitometer by a technician at the outpatient departments. The baseline information was collected by a structured demographic questionnaire. Intervention group participants received a lifestyle modification intervention program (LMIP) whereas the control group received standard regular care from the physician. Follow-up was done at three and six months. Results: The results revealed that the increase in the BMD median score among the experimental group was from -2.2 (-2.5- -1.8) to -1.5 (-1.8- -0.65) whereas in the control group, it was from -2.3 (-2.6- -1.9) to -2.0 (-2.4- -1.5). The results of the Mann Whitey U test showed a statistical significance between the intervention and control groups in the post-test after six months (U = 505.5; P <0.05). Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a significant change in both the intervention and control groups from pre-test to post-test I (3 months) and post-test II (6 months; P <0.001). Conclusion: The lifestyle modification intervention was found to be effective in improving the bone health status of postmenopausal women. Hence it is very important to integrate it into regular therapy.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Osteoporose , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pós-Menopausa , Estilo de Vida , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial
11.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci ; 18(6): 1662-1671, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37720414

RESUMO

Objective: This article describes the process of developing an interprofessional education (IPE) module in autism spectrum disorder, which incorporates the interprofessional competencies and their applications among selected healthcare professional students. Method: The paper adapted the "Research and Development method for education research" by Borg and Gall as a basis for the study. The methods used were semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion, and a needs assessment questionnaire. Results: An interview guide, group discussion guide, and needs assessment questionnaire were validated with validity indices of 0.92, 0.98, and 1.00, respectively. A needs assessment questionnaire was tested for reliability (r = 0.96). The IPE module and evaluation tools to evaluate its effectiveness were prepared on the basis of the findings. Validity indices for module, simulation videos, case scenarios and the evaluation tools, Interprofessional Competency Assessment Test (IPCAT) and IPCAT-Observation Checklist (IPCAT-OC), were 0.98, 0.97, 1.00, 0.98, and 1.00, respectively. Reliability scores for IPCAT and IPCAT-OC were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Conclusion: This module will assist in providing data and necessary information for those researchers who undertake similar educational interventions that focus on the competencies of IPE and collaborative practice, specifically from this region.

12.
Kurume Med J ; 69(1.2): 11-17, 2023 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37544753

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Identifying the attitude of young adults towardschild abuse has a significant role in sensitizing them to theissue, which would bring about a positive change in our society at large. This study aims to assess young adults' attitudes towards child abuse and find the association between their attitudes and the selected socio-demographic variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was carried out in the community of Udupi district, Karnataka, among 200 young adults. They were assessed by a self-report attitude scale and a socio-economic status scale. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents (98.0%) had a negative attitude towards child abuse. 59% believed that most of the abuse was perpetrated by people known to the children, and 72.5% strongly agreed that disciplining children can be achieved through dialogue. 44.5% of the respondents believed that society is not taking an active role in child protection. CONCLUSION: Studying people's attitudes on a social issue creates awareness. This study provided insight into young adults' awareness of the importance of child protection, as expressed by their negative outlook towards child abuse.


Assuntos
Atitude , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Índia , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Nurse Res ; 31(4): 14-20, 2023 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37615100

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Developing a workforce with the skills to produce and make judicious use of evidence for policy and practice decisions requires trainers who can tailor evidence and training to policy and practice priorities. AIM: To describe how a collaborative learning model adapted a systematic review course to suit Indian nurse educators and research scholars in the conduct and use of systematic reviews. DISCUSSION: A collaborative learning team of academics and research scholars brought together expertise in nursing education in India, and evidence synthesis in India and the UK. Participants found the course was highly beneficial, enhanced independent and critical thinking, and instilled them with the confidence and skills to deliver such courses to Indian researchers, nurses and other healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: Contextualising materials and methods to participants' experiences made learning more relatable. The use of adult learning approaches enabled participants to apply the same approaches when leading training in their own institutions and underpinned long-term sustainable working relationships between facilitators and learners, leading to new studies and new resources to support evidence-informed decision-making. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: An educational intervention on 'indigenising systematic reviews' with online collaborative learning can produce improvements in the knowledge and skills of participants. Advantages of this educational approach include its flexibility, active involvement of participants and sustainable partnership building. The principles and methods used could be replicated in any setting to train trainers.


Assuntos
Educação em Enfermagem , Adulto , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Aprendizagem
14.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 10636, 2023 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37391472

RESUMO

Childhood malnutrition impairs health, development, and productivity in adulthood. Underweight children have been found to have a variety of cognitive abnormalities. The present study examined the effect of a nutrition-focused intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age residing in selected villages of Udupi district, Karnataka. A cluster of 12 villages was chosen randomly. The trial had enrolled preschool children (n = 253) from randomly assigned selected villages to intervention (n = 127) and control arms (n = 126). The mothers in the intervention arm received nutrition-focused intervention and reinforcement of health teaching for 12 months. The post-intervention outcome on the cognitive development of malnourished children was measured at 6 months and 12 months. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of children in the intervention group had average cognitive development scores on the pre-test, whereas on the post-test, only 5.5% were in the average level of cognitive development. In the control group, the average cognitive development status of the children decreased from 44.4% in the pretest to 26.2% in the post-test. The cognitive development of malnourished children in the intervention group improved compared to the control group (p < 0.001). This study revealed that home-based nutrition-focused food helps to enhance children's cognitive development.Trial registration: ctri@gov.in. CTRI/31/03/2017/008273 [Registered on: 31/03/2017].


Assuntos
Desnutrição , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Índia , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Estado Nutricional , Cognição , Alimentos
15.
J Neurosci Rural Pract ; 14(2): 214-223, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37181173

RESUMO

Background: South and South-East Asian countries report a great liability for the world's road traffic injuries (RTIs) and deaths. A vast number of research studies tested various interventions including specific protective devices to prevent accidents, but no review papers have been conducted to find out the prevalence of RTIs in South-East and South Asian countries. Objective: This review paper was an attempt to find out the prevalence of RTIs and their associated factors in South-East and South Asian countries. Methods: Following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we searched the articles in the electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Articles were selected if they reported the prevalence of RTI, or road traffic accident (RTA) deaths. In addition, a data quality assessment was done. Results: Out of the 10,818 article hits from the literature search, ten articles found the eligibility and inclusion criteria. Most of the studies reported that males are involved in the RTIs more than females. The male mortality rate is more than the female mortality in RTI mortality. Young adult males are the major victims when compared with the different age groups of male victims. Two-wheelers are the major contributors to the accident rate. Religious or national festivals are not free from accident-prone times. Climatic seasons and nighttime have a major influence on the RTIs. RTIs are increasing due to the sudden and huge increase in the number of motor vehicles and the development of cities and towns. Conclusion: Accidents are non-predictable but controllable disasters in society. Overspeeding, bad conditions on road, the vulnerability of the vehicles, and careless driving are the major reported reasons for RTIs. Making and implementing strict laws can help us to control RTAs. The major effect on the reduction of RTI can be assured only with the presence of responsible people. That can be achieved only by creating awareness in society about traffic rules and responsibilities.

16.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care ; 28(2): 83-91, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36802955

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To review the highest level of available evidence, a systematic map identified systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to improve contraception choice and increase contraception use. METHODS: Systematic reviews published since 2000 were identified from searches of nine databases. Data were extracted using a coding tool developed for this systematic map. Methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2 criteria. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: Fifty systematic reviews reported evaluations of interventions for contraception choice and use addressing three domains (individual, couples, community); Meta-analyses in 11 of the reviews mostly addressed interventions for individuals. We identified 26 reviews covering High Income Countries, 12 reviews covering Low Middle-Income Countries and the rest a mix of both. Most reviews (15) focussed on psychosocial interventions, followed by incentives (6) and m-health interventions (6). The strongest evidence from meta-analyses is for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, contraceptive counselling, psychosocial interventions, school-based education, and interventions promoting contraceptive access, demand-generation interventions (community and facility based, financial mechanisms and mass media), and mobile phone message interventions. Even in resource constrained settings, community-based interventions can increase contraceptive use. There are gaps in the evidence on interventions for contraception choice and use, and limitations in study designs and lack of representativeness. Most approaches focus on individual women rather than couples or wider socio-cultural influences on contraception and fertility. This review identifies interventions which work to increase contraception choice and use, and these could be implemented in school, healthcare or community settings.


Assuntos
Anticoncepção , Anticoncepcionais , Humanos , Feminino , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde
17.
BMC Public Health ; 23(1): 51, 2023 01 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36611154

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition in under-five children remains a worldwide health issue and is considered one of the leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the impact of home-based nutritional intervention on the nutritional status of preschool children living in rural areas of South India. METHODS: A single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of the intervention, with weight gain as the primary outcome. A cluster of 12 villages was randomized to intervention or control arms. A total of 253 underweight preschool children from 12 clusters (villages) were randomized to intervention (n = 127) and control arm (n = 126). The intervention was composed of a health-teaching program and a demonstration of nutritious food preparation in addition to the regular services provided at the Anganwadi centers. The control arm received only standard routine care provided in the Anganwadi centre. The anthropometric assessment was carried out at the baseline and every month for a year. RESULT: A significant increase in the mean weight kilograms was noted in the intervention group (11.9 ± 0.98 to 13.78 ± 0.89) compared to the control group (11.8 ± 1.03 to 12.96 ± 0.88). In the intervention group, at the baseline, 41.5% were moderately malnourished (> - 2SD-3SD), which decreased to 24% at the end of the year. Similarly, severe malnutrition decreased from 8.69 to 3.16%, while 20.5% of malnourished children achieved normal nutritional status. In the control group, undernourished children demonstrated minimal changes in nutritional status. Analysis of repeated measures of ANOVA results between the intervention and control groups on weight measurements (F (1, 251) = 15.42, p .001) and height measurements (F (2, 1258) = 1.540, p .001) revealed statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of preschool children is found to be improved by home-based intervention, which includes training mothers or caregivers in planning and preparing healthy nutritious diets, providing timely care, and gaining an understanding and knowledge of the nutritional status along with regular home-based diet preparation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ctri@gov.in CTRI/2017/03/008273 [Registered on: 31/03/2017].


Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Desnutrição , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Estado Nutricional , Aconselhamento , Dieta , Mães , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle
18.
Health Policy Plan ; 38(4): 435-453, 2023 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36715073

RESUMO

Evidence-informed policymaking integrates the best available evidence on programme outcomes to guide decisions at all stages of the policy process and its importance becomes more pronounced in resource-constrained settings. In this paper, we have reviewed the use of systematic review evidence in framing National Health Programme (NHP) guidelines in India. We searched official websites of the different NHPs, linked to the main website of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), in December 2020 and January 2021. NHP guideline documents with systematic review evidence were identified and information on the use of this evidence was extracted. We classified the identified systematic review evidence according to its use in the guideline documents and analysed the data to provide information on the different factors and patterns linked to the use of systematic review evidence in these documents. Systematic reviews were mostly visible in guideline documents addressing maternal and newborn health, communicable diseases and immunization. These systematic reviews were cited in the guidelines to justify the need for action, to justify recommendations for action and opportunities for local adaptation, and to highlight implementation challenges and justify implementation strategies. Guideline documents addressing implementation cited systematic reviews about the problems and policy options more often than citing systematic reviews about implementation. Systematic reviews were linked directly to support statements in few guideline documents, and sometimes the reviews were not appropriately cited. Most of the systematic reviews providing information on the nature and scale of the policy problem included Indian data. It was seen that since 2014, India has been increasingly using systematic review evidence for public health policymaking, particularly for some of its high-priority NHPs. This complements the increasing investment in research synthesis centres and procedures to support evidence-informed decision making, demonstrating the continued evolution of India's evidence policy system.


Assuntos
Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Formulação de Políticas , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Índia , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Guias como Assunto
19.
Indian J Psychol Med ; 45(6): 565-572, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38545536

RESUMO

Background: Perinatal anxiety affects the antenatal woman, the growing fetus, and the newborn. This systematic review evaluated the effect of listening to music on perinatal anxiety among pregnant women and on newborn behaviors. No available reviews focus on interventions that include only classical forms of music or its benefit on perinatal anxiety among low-risk pregnant women or on newborn behaviors. Methods: We included peer-reviewed primary research studies on the effect of music on perinatal anxiety, published in English, between January 2010 and August 2022. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched using specific keywords, resulting in 225 studies for screening by title, abstract, and full text. Two independent reviewers screened them and assessed the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2.0 tool (RoB2) and non-randomized controlled trial studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Due to the heterogeneity of outcome measures, the review's findings were summarized qualitatively. Results: Nine studies with 1646 pregnant women and one with 260 pregnant women and their neonates were included. Results of all studies suggest that listening to classical music reduces the anxiety levels among pregnant women, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Only one study reported the beneficial effect of antenatal exposure to music on improving newborn behaviors like orientation (ES 1.13, 95% CI: 0.82-1.44, P < 0.0001) and habituation (ES 1.05, 95% CI: 0.53-1.57, P = 0.0001). The risk of bias was unclear in most of the studies. Conclusions: Listening to classical music during the perinatal period may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing anxiety and pain and improving sleep quality and newborn behaviors. There is a need to conduct further interventional studies on the types of music provided and their effects on perinatal health outcomes. Registration of the Protocol: The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021256806.

20.
Oman Med J ; 38(5): e544, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38225995

RESUMO

Healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced significant mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of HCWs in India. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review, which adopts a results-based convergent approach that incorporates quantitative and qualitative data. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in relevant databases: PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest. All available full-text studies in the English language that assessed the mental health outcomes (anxiety, stress, and depression) of HCWs during the pandemic and published until 28 February 2022 were included. A total of 31 studies were included in this review (27 quantitative studies, three qualitative studies, and one mixed-method study). The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among HCWs in India was 32.96%, 29.49%, and 33.47%, respectively. Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings using social determinants of health framework resulted in various contributing factors and coping strategies. There is a need for a supportive work environment, mental health support, and mental health policies for HCWs in India.

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