RESUMO
Medical therapy for pythiosis is hampered by a lack of efficacious drugs. The present report describes a case of canine gastrointestinal pythiosis in which lesions were resolved through the administration of itraconazole, terbinafine, and the agricultural fungicide mefenoxam. No substantial adverse effects occurred in association with administration of the latter compound. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of mefenoxam and to further assess its tolerability and potential efficacy for the treatment of pythiosis in dogs.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Pitiose/veterinária , Pythium/isolamento & purificação , Alanina/administração & dosagem , Alanina/efeitos adversos , Alanina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Cães , Duodeno/patologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Histocitoquímica , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Itraconazol/efeitos adversos , Naftalenos/administração & dosagem , Naftalenos/efeitos adversos , Pitiose/diagnóstico , Pitiose/tratamento farmacológico , Pitiose/patologia , Terbinafina , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The bacterial causes of diarrhea can be frustrating to identify, and it is likely that many remain undiagnosed. The pathogenic potential of certain bacteria becomes less ambiguous when they are observed to intimately associate with intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study we sought to retrospectively characterize the clinical, in situ molecular, and histopathological features of enteroadherent bacteria in seven unrelated kittens that were presumptively diagnosed with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) on the basis of postmortem light microscopic and, in some cases, microbiological examination. Characterization of the enteroadherent bacteria in each case was performed by Gram staining, in situ hybridization using fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification of species-specific gene sequences, and ultrastructural imaging applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of intestinal tissue. In only two kittens was EPEC infection confirmed. In the remaining five kittens, enteroadherent bacteria were identified as Enterococcus spp. The enterococci were further identified as Enterococcus hirae on the basis of PCR amplification of DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified by using species-specific primers. Transmission electron microscopy of representative lesions from E. coli- and Enterococcus spp.-infected kittens revealed coccobacilli adherent to intestinal epithelial cells without effacement of microvilli or cup-and-pedestal formation. Enterococci were not observed, nor were DNA sequences amplified from intestinal tissue obtained from age-matched kittens euthanized for reasons unrelated to intestinal disease. These studies suggest that E. hirae may be a common cause of enteroadherent bacterial infection in pre-weaning-age kittens and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial disease in this population.