Perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com dieta contendo dois níveis de óleo de arroz / Production and milk composition of dairy goats receiving two levels of rice bran oil in the diet

Foram testados os efeitos de dois níveis de extrato etéreo à base de óleo de arroz no concentrado em 30 cabras Saanen durante a fase inicial de lactação. A alimentação baseou-se na relação 60% de volumoso (feno de alfafa) e 40% de concentrado comercial com dois níveis de extrato etéreo (3% e 5%). As variáveis estudadas foram a quantificação e qualificação do perfil de ácidos graxos do leite total e frente ao tempo de lactação. O acréscimo de óleo de arroz na dieta diminuiu (P<0,05) a concentração de ácidos graxos saturados e aumentou (P<0,05) a concentração de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite caprino. O ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) também é afetado positivamente pelo acréscimo de óleo de arroz na dieta. A inclusão de óleo de arroz nos níveis de 3% e 5% da matéria seca, na dieta de cabras leiteiras da raça Saanen, influencia o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite, com ênfase no ALC, até a 11ª semana de lactação.

The effects of two levels of ether extract based on rice oil concentrate in 30 Saanen goats during early lactation were evaluated. The feeding was based on the ratio of 60% forage (alfalfa hay) and 40% commercial concentrate with two levels of lipids (3% and 5%). The variables were the quantification and qualification of the fatty acid profile of whole milk and forward to the time of lactation. The addition of rice bran oil in the diet decreased significantly (P<0.05) the concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased (P<0.05) the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in goats' milk. The linoleic acid was also positively affected by the addition of rice bran oil in the diet. The inclusion of rice bran oil at levels of 3% and 5% of dry matter in the diet of Saanen dairy goats influences the fatty acid profile of milk, with emphasis on linoleic acid until the 11th week of lactation.

Authentication of beef production systems using a metabolomic-based approach.

There is a need for new, non-invasive, rapid and reliable analytical methodologies that can easily be implemented and used for authentication of cattle production systems and the meat derived from them. Easily quantifiable markers could strengthen the current tracing methods for beef authentication. This study investigated the use of a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach as a tool to authenticate beef on the basis of the pre-slaughter production system. Urine and muscle samples were collected from animals fed either pasture outdoor, a barley-based concentrate indoor, silage followed by pasture outdoor or silage followed by pasture outdoor with concentrate over 1 year. A metabolomic analysis was performed on urine (n = 68) and muscle (n = 98) samples collected from animals on the different diets. The results showed that separation according to production system was possible indicating the potential use of this approach in beef authentication. Identification of the major discriminating peaks in urine led to the identification of potential markers of production system including creatinine, glucose, hippurate, pyruvate, phenylalanine, phenylacetylglycine and three unassigned resonances.

Carotenoid, colour and reflectance measurements in bovine adipose tissue to discriminate between beef from different feeding systems.

Our hypothesis was that carotenoids in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) together with colour and reflectance spectra could be used to differentiate between beef production systems based on grass, concentrates or combinations thereof. SAT was sampled from the carcasses of heifers fed pasture (P), a barley-based concentrate (C), silage followed by pasture (SiP) or silage followed by pasture with concentrate (SiPC). ß-carotene in the SAT from the C group (0.09 µg g(-1)) was lower (P<0.05) than that from the P (0.54 µg g(-1)), SiP (0.49 µg g(-1)) and SiPC (0.49 µg g(-1)) groups. Lutein in the SAT differed (P<0.05) between all groups with 0.13, 0.10, 0.08 and 0.04 µg g(-1) for the P, SiP, SiPC and C groups, respectively. Principal component analysis of the carotenoid data, SAT colour variables ['L', 'a', 'b', 'C', 'H'] and the reflectance data made it possible to distinguish between the animals fed a barley-based concentrate diet and the animals fed pasture-based diets, but not between different pasture-based groups.

Differentiation of perirenal and omental fat quality of suckling lambs according to the rearing system from Fourier transforms mid-infrared spectra using partial least squares and artificial neural networks analysis.

Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was evaluated as a tool to discriminate between carcasses of suckling lambs according to the rearing system. Fat samples (39 perirenal and 67 omental) were collected from carcasses of lambs from up to three sheep dairy farms, reared on either ewes milk (EM) or milk replacer (MR). Fatty acid composition of the samples from each fat deposit was first analyzed and, when discriminant-partial least squares regression (PLS) was applied, a perfect discrimination between rearing systems could be established. Additionally, FT-IR spectra of fat samples were obtained and discriminant-PLS and artificial neural network (ANN) based analysis were applied to data sets, the latter using principal component analysis (PCA) or support vector machines (SVM) as processing procedure. Perirenal fat samples were perfectly discriminated from their FT-IR spectra. However, analysis of omental fat showed misclassification rates of 9-13%, with the ANN approach showing a higher discrimination power.

Carcass characteristics of suckling lambs protected by the PGI "Lechazo de Castilla y León" European quality label: Effect of breed, sex and carcass weight.

In the Region of "Castilla y León" (Spain), as in other Mediterranean areas, fresh suckling lamb meat is regarded as having a high edible quality. The EU granted this product a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) "Lechazo de Castilla y León" in 1999. In this study, several carcass characteristics of suckling lambs protected by this PGI were determined, while the effects of breed, sex, and carcass weight were studied. Some differences in carcass characteristics within the three PGI authorized breeds have been detected. Neither carcass weight nor conformation measurements were good predictors of the composition of the PGI protected suckling lamb carcasses. The best predictors were fatness and composition of the leg and loin tissues, although dissection of these joints is not feasible on a daily basis. Lastly, some differences, due to sex and weight were identified in conformation, fat percentage, jointing and joint composition. Differences were, however, rather small, due to the lambs' young age and low variation in carcass weight.

[Bipolar disorder. Follow-up of lithium therapy in a clinic]. / Trastorno bipolar. Seguimiento en una clínica de litio.

Lithium carbonate is the drug of choice in the prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder. The purpose of this article is to describe the effective functioning of lithium in a clinical way in our hospital under the control of university graduates in nursing. During the first ten months of its use, 40 patients have been included which led to 122 appointments, absenteeism being 8.62%. 20% (8/40) of the lithium intoxications at the start of the follow-up were inferior to 0.5% mmol/l while at the end, only 5.3% (2/38) fell below 0.5% mmol/l. The average of the lithium intoxications at the end of the study period was significantly higher than in the moment of entrance to the program (p = 0.009). During the study period, three relapses were registered.

[Experience and results with a lactate dehydrogenase marker in vaginal secretions of women at high risk for endometrial cancer]. / Expérience et résultats obtenus avec un marqueur de déshydrogénase lactique dans la sécrétion vaginale chez des femmes à haut risque du carcinome de l'endomètre.

The authors present and discuss the results obtained with 202 Gynaegnost experiments in 161 women, between 45 and 65 years, nulliparous, or having experienced a late pregnancy, with menopause occurring after the age of 52 and undergoing or not estrogen-therapy after menopause, and presenting high blood pressure, obesity or diabetes. The purpose of this multicenter study, to be continued, was to demonstrate the efficacy of this tumor marker, in the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, in high-risk women.