Factors Affecting the Situational Awareness of Armored Vehicle Occupants.

In the field of armored vehicles, up to 70% of accidents are associated with low levels of situational awareness among the occupants, highlighting the importance of situational awareness in improving task performance. In this study, we explored the mechanisms influencing situational awareness by simulating an armored vehicle driving platform with 14 levels of experimentation in terms of five factors: experience, expectations, attention, the cueing channel, and automation. The experimental data included SART and SAGAT questionnaire scores, eye movement indicators, and electrocardiographic and electrodermal signals. Data processing and analysis revealed the following conclusions: (1) Experienced operators have higher levels of situational awareness. (2) Operators with certain expectations have lower levels of situational awareness. (3) Situational awareness levels are negatively correlated with information importance affiliations and the frequency of anomalous information in non-primary tasks. (4) Dual-channel cues lead to higher levels of situational awareness than single-channel cues. (5) Operators' situational awareness is lower at high automation levels.

Brucine Sulfate, a Novel Bacteriostatic Agent in 3D Printed Bone Scaffold Systems.

Bacterial infection is a common complication in bone defect surgery, in which infection by clinically resistant bacteria has been a challenge for the medical community. Given this emerging problem, the discovery of novel natural-type inhibitors of drug-resistant bacteria has become imperative. Brucine, present in the traditional Chinese herb Strychnine semen, is reported to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Brucine's clinical application was limited because of its water solubility. We extracted high-purity BS by employing reflux extraction and crystallization, greatly improved its solubility, and evaluated its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Importantly, we found that BS inhibited the drug-resistant strains significantly better than standard strains and achieved sterilization by disrupting the bacterial cell wall. Considering the safety concerns associated with the narrow therapeutic window of BS, a 3D BS-PLLA/PGA bone scaffold system was constructed with SLS technology and tested for its performance, bacteriostatic behaviors, and biocompatibility. The results have shown that the drug-loaded bone scaffolds had not only long-term, slow-controlled release with good cytocompatibility but also demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in antimicrobial testing. The above results indicated that BS may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and that scaffolds with enhanced antibacterial activity and mechanical properties may have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

Printable oxygen-generating biodegradable scaffold for thicker tissue-engineered medical products.

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing demand to generate thick and vascularized tissue-engineered constructs, novel strategies are currently being developed. An effective example is the fabrication of a 3D scaffold containing oxygen-releasing biomaterials to solve the limitations of gas diffusion and transport within transplanted tissues or devices. METHODS: In this study, we developed a biodegradable scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with oxygen-generating calcium peroxide (CPO) to design new structures for regenerative tissue using a 3D printer capable of forming arbitrarily shapes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When osteoblast progenitor cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) were cultured under hypoxic conditions on scaffolds fabricated with this technique, it was shown that cell death was reduced by the new scaffolds. Therefore, the results suggest that 3D-printed scaffolds made from biodegradable oxygen-releasing materials may be useful for tissue engineering and regeneration.