RESUMO
Plastic microfibers (MF) represent the major source of MF found in the environment, the majority made of polyester (PES). Marine bivalves, suspension feeders widespread in coastal areas subjected to higher anthropogenic input, can accumulate MF from the water column in their tissues. This raised some concern about their possible impact on bivalve health and potential transfer along the food chain. In this work, the effects of PES-MF on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were investigated, utilizing MF obtained by cryo-milling of a fleece cover. Fiber characterization indicated the polymer composition as polyethylene terephthalate (PET); the size distribution was in a length range resembling that of MF released from textile washing, and including those that can be ingested by mussels. MF were first screened for short-term in vitro immune responses in mussel hemocytes. The effects of in vivo exposure (96 h, 10 and 100 µg/L, corresponding to about 150 and 1500 MF/mussel/L, respectively), were then evaluated. Data are presented on hemolymph immune biomarkers (Reactive Oxygen Species and nitric oxide production, lysozyme activity), and on antioxidant biomarkers (catalase and glutathione S-transferase) and histopathology in gills and digestive gland. Tissue MF accumulation was also evaluated. MF exposure stimulated extracellular immune responses both in vitro and in vivo, indicating induction of immune/inflammatory processes. In both tissues, stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting oxidative stress conditions, and histopathological changes were observed, with stronger effects often observed at lower concentration. Although mussel retained a very small fraction of MF, their accumulation was higher in the digestive gland than in gills, and in both tissues of mussels exposed to the lowest concentration. Selective accumulation of shorter MF was also observed, particularly in gills. Overall, the results demonstrate that at environmental exposure levels, PET-MF have a significant impact on mussel physiology, affecting multiple processes in different tissues.
Assuntos
Mytilus , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Plásticos/toxicidade , Plásticos/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Brânquias/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of age on the diagnostic assessment of women with severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 338 consecutive women with a diagnosis of CIN3 on cone specimen. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: < 35 years (Group A), 35-49 years (Group B), and ≥ 50 years (Group C). Clinical and colposcopic variables were compared, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution was measured. RESULTS: The most common HPV genotype was HPV-16 (63.65%), followed by HPV-33 (7%), HPV-18 (6.2%), and HPV-31 (5.4%). The rate of the following high-grade lesion predictors was lower in Group C than in Groups A and B: HPV-16 infections (55.9% vs. 75% vs. 70.9%, respectively, p = 0.022); high-grade colposcopic impression (29.4% vs. 51.8% vs. 51.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001); and high-grade cytological changes (30.9% vs. 56.2% vs. 45.4%, respectively, p = 0.025). An endocervical lesion location was more frequent in Group C than in Groups A and B (55.6% vs. 6.8% vs. 11.8%, respectively, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Women aged 50 years and older with CIN3 showed a significant reduction of high-grade lesion predictors along with physiological confounding cervical changes (transformation zone type 3 and endocervical lesion location). The diagnostic work-up of cervical lesions in older women should provide their potential consideration as a special population.
Assuntos
Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colposcopia , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are largely implicated in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinomas. Their role in lung carcinomas, however, is still unclear. We describe the case of 44-year-old female chain-smoker with previous HPV-related cervical cancer and a new distant tumour in the lung after many years. The histologic distinction between metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and another primary squamous cell tumour of the lung can be difficult and has important clinical implications. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV was present in both the patient's cervical cancer and her subsequent primary lung cancer in order to appropriately plan therapy. We tested both the paraffin-embedded tissue of the cervical cancer and the lung cancer for HPV DNA using the Qiagen HPV Sign Genotyping Test, which detected HPV16-DNA in both tumours. The Qiagen HPV Sign Genotyping Test is a reliable method to detect HPV-DNA in tissue and cytological materials, thus making it possible to distinguish metastatic cervical carcinoma from a new primary tumour in different sites.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Fumar , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Within a multicentre controlled trial framework, an external quality control (EQC) was scheduled to evaluate the interlaboratory reproducibility of liquid-based cytology. In particular, this EQC intended to evaluate the reproducibility of the ASCUS diagnosis.A selected set of 30 slides (4 within normal limit cases, 16 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 4 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 6 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) circulated among the 13 laboratories involved in the trial.Kappa values were obtained from the comparison between individual laboratory diagnoses and majority diagnoses with target diagnoses. Specific kappa values resulted moderate to high for HSIL and low to moderate for LSIL and WNL. Meanwhile, the specific kappa for ASCUS was below 0.4 in 12 of 13 participating laboratories. The lack of reproducibility for ASCUS was not a result of the introduction of this new technology but rather to the low reproducibility of the ASCUS category itself stemming from intrinsic uncertainties in the reporting criteria.
Assuntos
Técnicas Citológicas/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Esfregaço Vaginal/normas , Técnicas Citológicas/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-laboratory reproducibility for atypical glandular cells (AGC) (The Bethesda System (TBS) 2001) of the laboratories involved in the screening programmes in Italy. METHODS: A set of 35 selected slides were circulated among 167 laboratories involved in local population-based cervical screening programmes. Each laboratory provided one single diagnosis per smear. The smears were read blind to the original diagnosis and to the diagnoses provided by other laboratories. A 'majority' diagnosis was defined for each case and assumed as the reference standard. The diagnosis provided from each laboratory was compared with the majority diagnosis. RESULTS: According to the majority report the 35 slides in the set were classified as negative in nine cases, AGC in eight, adenocarcinoma in eight, and squamous lesion or squamous + glandular lesion in 10. The crude agreement between all pairs of laboratories was 49.43%. K-values were 0.46, 0.21, 0.34, 0.36 and 0.32 for negative, AGC/AIS (adenocarcinoma in situ of endocervix), AdenoCa, Sq/Sq + Gl and all reporting categories respectively. Concordance according to overall K was moderate to substantial in 77% of the participating laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the AGC category is not easily reproducible. The data confirmed the importance, in a screening scenario, of AGC/AIS diagnoses, but also presented difficulties in differentiating between the two diagnoses. In addition to the results obtained from the circulation of the slides, laboratories which had annually a low number of cervical smears were able to gain experience focused on particular morphological pictures.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/citologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/normasRESUMO
The study was aimed at assessing interlaboratory reproducibility in the reporting of cervical smears in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) category. A set of 50 selected slides circulated among 89 laboratories, currently involved in population-based screening programmes for cervical cancer, which provided a diagnostic report according to four main reporting categories based on the 1991 Bethesda system. Interlaboratory agreement was determined according to kappa (K) statistics: overall and weighted K values were determined for each laboratory and for single reporting categories. The results showed a very low reproducibility for the ASCUS category. This finding supports the Bethesda system 1991 recommendation to limit the use of this reporting category and suggests that the clinical response to ASCUS reports should be decided locally, based on the observed positive predictive value for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or more severe lesions.
Assuntos
Laboratórios Hospitalares , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/epidemiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/classificação , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Laboratórios , Programas de Rastreamento , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Patologia Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/classificação , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Displasia do Colo do Útero/classificação , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/classificação , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of diet on energy intake, loss, and metabolism in foals 2 to 7 days old. ANIMALS: 14 pony foals. PROCEDURE: Group-A foals suckled their dams, group-B foals were fed milk replacer, and group-C foals were fed by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Energy balance studies were performed over 8-hour periods on postpartum days 2, 4, and 7. RESULTS: Mean gross energy (GE) intake of group-A foals increased between days 2 and 7. Approximately 3% of GE was excreted in urine and feces, and energy expenditure remained constant. These foals were in positive energy balance, and mean body weight increased. From day 4 onward, group-B foals consumed more energy than did group-A foals because the milk replacer had a higher energy content than did mares' milk. Mean energy loss in group-B foals was 14% of GE on day 2, but this value decreased subsequently. Energy expenditure in group-B foals was less than that in group-A foals, and energy balance was positive. Group-C foals had the lowest energy intake and expenditure; energy balance was negative on postpartum day 2. These foals also had gastrointestinal tract problems. CONCLUSIONS: Mares' milk is highly digestible and is correlated with positive energy balance in neonatal foals. Milk replacer initially is less digestible than mares' milk. In this study, TPN was associated with negative energy balance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data indicate the advantages of enteral feeding with mares' milk and highlight the clinical and technical difficulties associated with TPN.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Métodos de Alimentação/normas , Cavalos/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/sangue , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão/fisiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/fisiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Leite/normas , Nutrição Parenteral Total/normas , Nutrição Parenteral Total/veterinária , Período Pós-Parto , Respiração/fisiologia , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We present an additional case of focal myositis which, after surgical excision of the muscular mass, did not evolve to generalized polymyositis. To our knowledge immunological evaluations of this disease have never before been carried out. Immunohistochemical analysis of the muscular mass showed the presence of activated endothelial cells, CD4 and macrophage cells in the perivascular and endomysial areas, suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism of muscular damage. At the same time the normal distribution of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and the normal levels of serum IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, soluble IL-2R and soluble CD8 underline the non-systemic nature of the disease.
Assuntos
Miosite/patologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos CD/análise , Biópsia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/patologia , Masculino , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/química , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Miosite/imunologia , Necrose , FenótipoRESUMO
Plasma progestagen concentrations were measured daily by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 35 sick foals for the duration of their illness. The foals were divided into three groups on the basis of time to stand after birth. Foals were given intensive care treatment according to the severity of their illness. Plasma and urine concentrations of pregnenolone (P5) and pregnenediol (P5 beta beta) were measured by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry; plasma cortisol concentrations were measured by RIA and the foals' renal and respiratory status were assessed by creatinine clearance ratios and arterial oxygen concentrations respectively. Five patterns of plasma progestagen concentrations were identified; in general, values increased when the foal's clinical condition deteriorated and decreased as the foal improved. Median progestagen concentrations decreased over the first three days post partum in Group 1 foals but remained elevated in foals from Groups 2 and 3. Similar changes were observed in plasma P5 and P5 beta beta concentrations. Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest in foals from Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.01) compared with foals from Group 1. Regardless of foal group, mean cortisol concentrations were highest (P < 0.001) in those foals treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone compared with those treated with dexamethasone or with neither drug. There was no relationship (r2 = 0.21) between plasma cortisol and progestagen concentrations. Results from renal clearance, steroid conjugation and respiratory status suggest that these factors did not play a significant role in elevating progestagen concentrations in sick foals. It is hypothesized that there may be a relationship between adrenal stimulation and an enzyme block resulting in overproduction of P5 and P5 beta beta in the sick neonatal foal.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/sangue , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/sangue , Progestinas/sangue , Animais , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Idade Gestacional , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Oxigênio/sangue , Pregnenolona/sangue , Pregnenolona/urina , Radioimunoensaio , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), a rare myeloproliferative syndrome associated with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS-Type IgGk), is reported. Karyotypic study, carried out on bone marrow, excluded Philadelphia-pos. chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and showed Y loss (45 XO). Only a few cases of CNL with paraproteinemia have been reported, but no case of associated karyotypic abnormalities and paraproteinemia has so far been described.
Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Leucemia Mieloide Crônica Atípica BCR-ABL Negativa/complicações , Leucemia Neutrofílica Crônica/complicações , Paraproteinemias/etiologia , Cromossomo Y , Idoso , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Leucemia Mieloide Crônica Atípica BCR-ABL Negativa/genética , Leucemia Neutrofílica Crônica/genética , MasculinoRESUMO
The authors describe necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To our knowledge this is the first case report where SLE preceded Kikuchi's disease. Whether Kikuchi's disease is an independent event or directly connected with SLE is discussed.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Linfadenite/etiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Linfadenite/patologiaAssuntos
Vasculite/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vasculite/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Anemia Aplástica/induzido quimicamente , Tiomalato Sódico de Ouro/efeitos adversos , Anemia Aplástica/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Medula Óssea/patologia , Tiomalato Sódico de Ouro/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A rare case of leiomyoma of the prepuce treated with wide circumcision is presented.