Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed osteoarthrosis and associated factors in the adult general Spanish population.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and related factors of diagnosed osteoarthrosis (DO) and undiagnosed osteoarthrosis (UO) in the general Spanish adult population. SETTING: Cross-sectional study with data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. PARTICIPANTS: N=23,089 adults. Three groups of people were defined: DO, UO, and no osteoarthrosis (NO). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic information, lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index) and health factors (intensity of pain, pain drug consumption, mental health, self-perceived health status, pain involvement in daily living) were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and a multinomial logistic regression model for the factors associated with each group. RESULTS: The prevalence of DO was 22.4% (95%CI=21.8;22.9) and 0.9% (95%CI=0.8;1) of UO. With respect to NO, risk factors for DO and UO included higher pain levels and pain drug consumption. Better self-perceived health status was inversely related with both. More pain involvement in daily living was associated with increased risk of DO, but reduced risk of UO. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DO and UO was similar to that reported in Europe, but slightly higher than in low/middle-income countries. It was more prevalent in females, older people, people with worse perceived health status and worse mental health. Higher pain levels and pain drug consumption were risk factors for DO and UO. Better self-perceived health status was protective. Pain involvement in daily living was a risk factor for DO, but protective for UO. Different public health strategies should be considered in view of this.

Influence of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha gene rs8192678 polymorphism by gender on different health-related parameters in healthy young adults.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on different health-related parameters in male and female young adults. The PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 polymorphism was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction in 74 healthy adults (28 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) from Andalusia (Spain). Health-related variables included cardiometabolic risk, anthropometry and body composition, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and HOMA-IR indexes), blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise, diet, basal metabolism, physical activity, maximal fat oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed differences by PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism in body mass (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.024), lean body mass (p = 0.024), body fat (p = 0.032), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and BP recovery ratio (p < 0.001). The recessive model (CC vs. CT/TT) showed similar results but also with differences in basal metabolism (p = 0.045) and total energy expenditure (p = 0.024). A genotype*sex interaction was found in the QUICKI index (p = 0.016), with differences between CC and CT/TT in men (p = 0.049) and between men and women inside the CT/TT group (p = 0.049). Thus, the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism is associated with body composition, basal metabolism, total energy expenditure, and BP recovery, where the CC genotype confers a protective effect. Moreover, our study highlighted sexual dimorphism in the influence of PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on the QUICKI index.

Influence of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism on Cardiometabolic Risk, Maximal Fat Oxidation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Diet and Physical Activity in Young Adults.

There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four healthy adults (n = 28 women; 22.5 ± 4.2 years) participated in this cross-sectional study aimed at determining the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism, ascertained by polymerase chain reaction, on cardiometabolic risk (i.e., waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure (BP), glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers), maximal fat oxidation (MFO), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity and diet. Our results showed differences by ACE I/D polymorphism in systolic BP (DD: 116.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; ID: 116.7 ± 6.3 mmHg; II: 109.4 ± 12.3 mmHg, p = 0.035) and body fat (DD: 27.3 ± 10.8%; ID: 22.6 ± 9.7%; II: 19.3 ± 7.1%, p = 0.030). Interestingly, a genotype*sex interaction in relativized MFO by lean mass (p = 0.048) was found. The DD polymorphism had higher MFO values than ID/II polymorphisms in men (8.4 ± 3.0 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min), while the ID/II polymorphisms showed higher R-MFO values than DD polymorphism in women (6.6 ± 2.3 vs. 7.6 ± 2.6 mg/kg/min). In conclusion, ACE I/D polymorphism is apparently associated with adiposity and BP, where a protective effect can be attributed to the II genotype, but not with cardiorespiratory fitness, diet and physical activity. Moreover, our study highlighted that there is a sexual dimorphism in the influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on MFO.

Maximal fat oxidation capacity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy young adults.

It is unknown whether resting fat oxidation (RFO), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and FatMax (intensity at which MFO is reached) are related to cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Thus the aim of this study was to examine the association of RFO, MFO and FatMax with CMR. 81 healthy adults (n = 31 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Glucose and triglycerides were analysed in plasma. Body composition, anthropometry, physical activity, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate measurements were taken. RFO and MFO were determined through indirect calorimetry. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test was performed until exhaustion after MFO test. The CMR cluster was created from individual CMR factors: waist circumference, body fat percentage, systolic BP, diastolic BP, blood glucose and plasma triglycerides. Groups of high and low MFO and VO2max were created. RFO was not associated with CMR (p < 0.05). FatMax, MFO and VO2max were associated with individual CMR factors as waist circumference (R2 = 0.144; R2 = 0.241; R2 = 0.285; p = 0.001; respectively) and plasma triglycerides (R2 = 0.111; p = 0.004 and R2 = 0.130; p = 0.002 and R2 = 0.093; p = 0.008; respectively) and clustered CMR factors (R2 = 0.105; p = 0.008 and R2 = 0.162; p = 0.001 and R2 = 0.239; p = 0.001; respectively). VO2max was also associated with body fat percentage (R2 = 0.105; p = 0.003) and diastolic BP (R2 = 0.083; p = 0.01), even adjusting for sex or age (p < 0.05). Groups with high level of MFO or VO2max obtained lower CMR (p = 0.001), even adjusting for sex or age (p < 0.01). FatMax, MFO and, especially, VO2max are associated with CMR, regardless of age and sex. However, RFO is not associated with CMR.

Aerobic fitness, Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. / Capacidad aeróbica, dieta mediterránea y riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos.

INTRODUCTION: Unhealthy lifestyle and inadequate diet could influence the development of future cardiometabolic disease. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between aerobic fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, whether this relation is depends of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD). A secondary aim was to study the combined effect of aerobic capacity and adherence to MD on global cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS). METHOD: A total of 79 adults (38% women) enrolled between 18-40 year from Cádiz. We measured adiposity indicators, blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose and inflammatory profile (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor) and was computed (CMRS). Aerobic fitness was measured by maximal oxygen comsuption through an incremental stress test by cycleergometer. The MD patterns was measured using the questionnaire of adherence to MD. The association between aerobic fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors was examined using a lineal regression and it was adjusted for different confounders. CMRS on the lifestyle was analyzed using the ANOVA test, with statistical significance level of P<0.05 in Bonferroni. RESULTS: Linear regression showed inverse association between aerobic fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors (all P≤0.05) in the model without adjustment. Blood pressure and triglycerides lost the association after adjust model for sex, age, and adherence to MD. Participants with high aerobic fitness and high adherence to MD show a lowest CMRS (-1.083±2.325 vs. 2.802±1.759). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic fitness was inversely associated with fatness risk factors, that relationship is independent to adherence to MD. A high adherence to MD could modulate blood pressure. A combination of high aerobic capacity and high adherence to MD could reduce the adverse consecuence of a low adherencie to MD.