Assuntos
Alérgenos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Helianthus , Sementes , Humanos , Helianthus/imunologia , Helianthus/efeitos adversos , Alérgenos/imunologia , Sementes/efeitos adversos , Sementes/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Albuminas 2S de Plantas/imunologia , Biomarcadores , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
The prevalence of sensitization to dogs and cats varies by country, exposure time and predisposition to atopy. It is estimated that 26% of European adults coming to the clinic for suspected allergy to inhalant allergens are sensitized to cats and 27% to dogs. This document is intended to be a useful tool for clinicians involved in the management of people with dog or cat allergy. It was prepared from a consensus process based on the RAND/UCLA method. Following a literature review, it proposes various recommendations concerning the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, grounded in evidence and clinical experience. The diagnosis of dog and cat allergy is based on a medical history and physical examination that are consistent with each other and is confirmed with positive results on specific IgE skin tests. Sometimes, especially in polysensitized patients, molecular diagnosis is strongly recommended. Although the most advisable measure would be to avoid the animal, this is often impossible and associated with a major emotional impact. Furthermore, indirect exposure to allergens occurs in environments in which animals are not present. Immunotherapy is emerging as a potential solution to this problem, although further supporting studies are needed.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Animais de Estimação/imunologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Gatos , Terapia Combinada , Consenso , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Cães , Hipersensibilidade/terapia , Imunização , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cow milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guidelines on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives: To develop clinical guidelines for OIT based on available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. METHODS: A review was made of studies published between 1984 and June 2016, doctoral theses published in Spain, summaries of communications at scientific meetings (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, and AAAAI), and the consensus of opinion established by a group of experts from the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. RESULTS: Recommendations were established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practice guidelines based on the consensus reached between Spanish experts are presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/uso terapêutico , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/terapia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/terapia , Administração Oral , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinical guide on OIT based on the available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. METHODS: A review was made of studies published in the period between 1984 and June 2016, Doctoral Theses published in Spain, and summaries of communications at congresses (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, AAAAI), with evaluation of the opinion consensus established by a group of experts pertaining to the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. RESULTS: Recommendations have been established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of suffering adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical practice guide is presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg, based on the opinion consensus of Spanish experts.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/uso terapêutico , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Proteínas do Ovo/uso terapêutico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/terapia , Proteínas do Leite/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Alérgenos/imunologia , Protocolos Clínicos , Cálculos da Dosagem de Medicamento , Proteínas do Ovo/imunologia , Prova Pericial , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Humanos , Proteínas do Leite/imunologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinical guide on OIT based on the available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. METHODS: A review was made of studies published in the period between 1984 and June 2016, Doctoral Theses published in Spain, and summaries of communications at congresses (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, AAAAI), with evaluation of the opinion consensus established by a group of experts pertaining to the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. RESULTS: Recommendations have been established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of suffering adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical practice guide is presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg, based on the opinion consensus of Spanish experts.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/uso terapêutico , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/terapia , Proteínas do Ovo/uso terapêutico , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/terapia , Proteínas do Leite/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Contraindicações , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/imunologia , Proteínas do Ovo/imunologia , Prova Pericial , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/imunologia , Proteínas do Leite/imunologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cow milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guidelines on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives: To develop clinical guidelines for OIT based on available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. METHODS: A review was made of studies published between 1984 and June 2016, doctoral theses published in Spain, summaries of communications at scientific meetings (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, and AAAAI), and the consensus of opinion established by a group of experts from the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. RESULTS: Recommendations were established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practice guidelines based on the consensus reached between Spanish experts are presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg.
Assuntos
Dessensibilização Imunológica , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/terapia , Administração Oral , Alérgenos/administração & dosagem , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Dessensibilização Imunológica/efeitos adversos , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Gerenciamento Clínico , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/terapia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/terapia , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most commonly reported childhood food problems. Community-based incidence and prevalence estimates vary widely, due to possible misinterpretations of presumed reactions to milk and differences in study design, particularly diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Children from the EuroPrevall birth cohort in 9 European countries with symptoms possibly related to CMA were invited for clinical evaluation including cows' milk-specific IgE antibodies (IgE), skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. RESULTS: Across Europe, 12 049 children were enrolled, and 9336 (77.5%) were followed up to 2 years of age. CMA was suspected in 358 children and confirmed in 55 resulting in an overall incidence of challenge-proven CMA of 0.54% (95% CI 0.41-0.70). National incidences ranged from 1% (in the Netherlands and UK) to <0.3% (in Lithuania, Germany and Greece). Of all children with CMA, 23.6% had no cow's milk-specific IgE in serum, especially those from UK, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy. Of children with CMA who were re-evaluated one year after diagnosis, 69% (22/32) tolerated cow's milk, including all children with non-IgE-associated CMA and 57% of those children with IgE-associated CMA. CONCLUSIONS: This unique pan-European birth cohort study using the gold standard diagnostic procedure for food allergies confirmed challenge-proven CMA in <1% of children up to age 2. Affected infants without detectable specific antibodies to cow's milk were very likely to tolerate cow's milk one year after diagnosis, whereas only half of those with specific antibodies in serum 'outgrew' their disease so soon.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Leite/efeitos adversos , Distribuição por Idade , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Método Duplo-Cego , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Proteínas do Leite/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Testes Cutâneos/métodosAssuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapêutico , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Albuterol/imunologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Teste de Degranulação de Basófilos , Reações Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/complicações , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/imunologia , Terbutalina/administração & dosagem , Terbutalina/imunologiaRESUMO
Assessing maternal dietary habits across Europe during pregnancy in relation to their national pregnancy recommendations. A collaborative, multi-centre, birth cohort study in nine European countries was conducted as part of European Union funded EuroPrevall project. Standardised baseline questionnaire data included details of food intake, nutritional supplement use, exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and socio-demographic data. Pregnancy recommendations were collected from all nine countries from the appropriate national organisations. The most commonly taken supplement in pregnancy was folic acid (55.6 % Lithuania-97.8 % Spain) and was favoured by older, well-educated mothers. Vitamin D supplementation across the cohort was very poor (0.3 % Spain-5.1 % Lithuania). There were significant differences in foods consumed in different countries during pregnancy e.g. only 2.7 % Dutch mothers avoided eating peanut, while 44.4 % of British mothers avoided it. Some countries have minimal pregnancy recommendations i.e. Lithuania, Poland and Spain while others have similar, very specific recommendations i.e. UK, the Netherlands, Iceland, Greece. Allergy specific recommendations were associated with food avoidance during pregnancy [relative rate (RR) 1.18 95 % CI 0.02-1.37]. Nutritional supplement recommendations were also associated with avoidance (RR 1.08, 1.00-1.16). Maternal dietary habits and the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy vary significantly across Europe and in some instances may be influenced by national recommendations.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Comportamento Alimentar , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Comparação Transcultural , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Necessidades Nutricionais , Cuidado Pré-Concepcional , Gravidez , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Double-blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard diagnostic test in food allergy because it minimizes diagnostic bias. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effect of diagnosis on the socioeconomic costs of food allergy. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal cost analysis study was conducted in Spain and Poland within the EuroPrevall project. Food-allergic patients were enrolled into the study and in all cases diagnosis was confirmed through a standardized DBPCFC. Data were collected through a self-administered survey on all aspects of health and social care resource use, costs of living, and costs of leisure activities. Costs were measured before and 6 months after the DBPCFC and reported in international dollars with 2007 as the benchmark year. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were enrolled. Twenty-one patients had a negative DBPCFC and the suspected food was reintroduced into their diet. Comparing total direct costs before and after the DBPCFC, the reactive group spent a significantly higher amount (median increase of $813.1 over baseline), while the tolerant group's spending decreased by a median of $87.3 (P = .031). The amount of money spent on food 6 months after diagnosis was also significantly higher in the reactive group (P = .040). Finally, a larger, but not statistically significant, decrease in total indirect costs was observed in the tolerant group compared with the reactive group ($538.3 vs $32.3). CONCLUSION: DBPCFC has an impact on indirect and direct costs of living. The main contribution to this increase was money spent on food.
Assuntos
Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/economia , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Custos e Análise de Custo , Método Duplo-Cego , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lower airways characterised by the presence of airway inflammation, reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness and alterations on the normal structure of the airways, known as remodelling. Remodelling is characterised by the presence of metaplasia of mucous glands, thickening of the lamina reticularis, increased angiogenesis, subepithelial fibrosis and smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia. Several techniques are being optimised at present to achieve a suitable diagnosis for remodelling. Diagnostic tools could be divided into two groups, namely invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques bring us information about bronchial structural alterations, obtaining this information directly from pathological tissue, and permit measure histological modification placed in bronchi layers as well as inflammatory and fibrotic cell infiltration. Non-invasive techniques were developed to reduce invasive methods disadvantages and measure airway remodelling-related markers such as cytokines, inflammatory mediators and others. An exhaustive review of diagnostic tools used to analyse airway remodelling in asthma, including the most useful and usually employed methods, as well as the principal advantages and disadvantages of each of them, bring us concrete and summarised information about all techniques used to evaluate alterations on the structure of the airways. A deep knowledge of these diagnostic tools will make an early diagnosis of airway remodelling possible and, probably, early diagnosis will play an important role in the near future of asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/diagnóstico , Brônquios/patologia , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas , Animais , Asma/complicações , Asma/patologia , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Diagnóstico Precoce , Humanos , Hiperplasia/etiologia , Hiperplasia/patologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Fibrose Pulmonar/etiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/patologiaRESUMO
It is unclear why some children develop food allergy. The EuroPrevall birth cohort was established to examine regional differences in the prevalence and risk factors of food allergy in European children using gold-standard diagnostic criteria. The aim of this report was to describe pre-, post-natal and environmental characteristics among the participating countries. In nine countries across four major European climatic regions, mothers and their newborns were enrolled from October 2005 through February 2010. Using standardized questionnaires, we assessed allergic diseases and self-reported food hypersensitivity of parents and siblings, nutrition during pregnancy, nutritional supplements, medications, mode of delivery, socio-demographic data and home environmental exposures. A total of 12,049 babies and their families were recruited. Self-reported adverse reactions to food ever were considerably more common in mothers from Germany (30%), Iceland, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands (all 20-22%) compared with those from Italy (11%), Lithuania, Greece, Poland, and Spain (all 5-8%). Prevalence estimates of parental asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were highest in north-west (Iceland, UK), followed by west (Germany, the Netherlands), south (Greece, Italy, Spain) and lowest in central and east Europe (Poland, Lithuania). Over 17% of Spanish and Greek children were exposed to tobacco smoke in utero compared with only 8-11% in other countries. Caesarean section rate was highest in Greece (44%) and lowest in Spain (<3%). We found country-specific differences in antibiotic use, pet ownership, type of flooring and baby's mattress. In the EuroPrevall birth cohort study, the largest study using gold-standard diagnostic criteria for food allergy in children worldwide, we found considerable country-specific baseline differences regarding a wide range of factors that are hypothesized to play a role in the development of food allergy including allergic family history, obstetrical practices, pre- and post-natal environmental exposures.
Assuntos
Família , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Alérgenos/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Exposição Ambiental , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/complicações , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/imunologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Infants diagnosed with allergy to cow's milk protein (CMP) are fed extensively hydrolysed cow's milk formulas, modified soy formulas or even amino acid-based formulas. Hydrolysed rice protein infant formulas have become available and have been shown to be well tolerated by these infants. A prospective open, randomized clinical study to compare the clinical tolerance of a new hydrolysed rice protein formula (HRPF) with an extensively hydrolysed CMP formula (EHF) in the feeding of infants with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Ninety-two infants (46 boys and 46 girls, mean age 4.3 months, range 1.1-10.1 months) diagnosed with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy were enrolled in the study. Clinical tolerance to the formula products was tested. Clinical evaluation included skin prick tests with whole cow's milk, soya and rice as well as antigens of CMP (beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, casein and bovine seroalbumin), HRPF and EHF and specific IgE determinations to CMP using CAP technology. Patients were randomized to receive either an EHF based on CMP or a new HRPF. Follow-up was at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Growth parameters were measured at each visit. One infant showed immediate allergic reaction to EHF, but no reaction was shown by any infant in the HRPF group. The number of infants who did not become tolerant to CMP during the study was not statistically different between the two groups. Measurement of IgE levels of infants allergic to CMP during the study showed no significant differences between the two formula groups. Growth parameters were in the normal range and similar between groups. In this study, the HRPF was well tolerated by infants with moderate to severe symptoms of IgE-mediated CMP allergy. Children receiving this formula showed similar growth and development of clinical tolerance to those receiving an EHF. In accordance with current guidelines, this HRPF was tolerated by more than 90% of children with CMP allergy and therefore could provide an adequate and safe alternative to CMP-hydrolysed formulas for these infants.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Fórmulas Infantis/administração & dosagem , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/dietoterapia , Proteínas do Leite/efeitos adversos , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Masculino , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/sangue , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/fisiopatologia , Oryza/imunologia , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/efeitos adversos , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/química , Estudos Prospectivos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/efeitos adversos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Egg allergy is one of the most frequent food allergies in children below the age of three. Common symptoms of egg allergy involve frequently the skin as well as the gut and in more severe cases result in anaphylaxis. Non-IgE-mediated symptoms such as in eosinophilic diseases of the gut or egg-induced enterocolitis might also be observed. Sensitization to egg white proteins can be found in young children in absence of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of egg allergy is based on the history, IgE tests as well as standardized food challenges. Ovomucoid is the major allergen of egg, and recent advances in technology have improved the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with egg allergy by using single allergens or allergens with modified allergenic properties. Today, the management of egg allergy is strict avoidance. However, oral tolerance induction protocols, in particular with egg proteins with reduced allergenic properties, are promising tools for inducing an increased level of tolerance in specific patients.
Assuntos
Alergia e Imunologia/tendências , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Ovo/terapia , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The true prevalence and risk factors of food allergies in children are not known because estimates were based predominantly on subjective assessments and skin or serum tests of allergic sensitization to food. The diagnostic gold standard, a double-blind placebo-controlled food provocation test, was not performed consistently to confirm suspected allergic reactions in previous population studies in children. This protocol describes the specific aims and diagnostic protocol of a birth cohort study examining prevalence patterns and influential factors of confirmed food allergies in European children from different regions. METHODS: Within the collaborative translational research project EuroPrevall, we started a multi-center birth cohort study, recruiting a total of over 12 000 newborns in nine countries across Europe in 2005-2009. In addition to three telephone interviews during the first 30 months, parents were asked to immediately inform the centers about possible allergic reactions to food at any time during the follow-up period. RESULTS: All children with suspected food allergy symptoms were clinically evaluated including double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge tests. We assessed sensitization to different food allergens by measurements of specific serum immunoglobulin E and skin prick tests, collect blood, saliva or buccal swabs for genetic tests, breast milk for measurement of food proteins/cytokines, and evaluate quality-of-life and economic burden of families with food allergic children. CONCLUSIONS: This birth cohort provides unique data on prevalence, risk factors, quality-of-life, and costs of food allergies in Europe, leading to the development of more informed and integrated preventative and treatment strategies for children with food allergies.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Método Duplo-Cego , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes Imunológicos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The relationship between infant feeding patterns and the later development of food allergies has been the focus of much debate and research over the last decade. National recommendations have been made by many countries on how to feed infants to reduce the risk of food allergy but due to the lack of firm evidence the recommendations differ widely. This review has been developed as part of EuroPrevall, a European multicentre research project funded by the European Union, to document the differing feeding recommendations made across Europe, to investigate the current evidence base for any allergy prevention feeding recommendations and to identify areas where further research is needed. This review will also provide information which, when combined with the infant feeding data collected as part of EuroPrevall, will give an indication of compliance to national feeding guidelines which can be utilised to assess the effectiveness of current dissemination and implementation strategies.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Aleitamento Materno , Europa (Continente) , Guias como Assunto , Diretrizes para o Planejamento em Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Since microorganisms are important components in the structure and function of water systems, the present paper reports work done to identify groups making up bacterial communities present in rice irrigation water. To this end, water samples were collected in five rice-growing areas of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The identification of the main bacterial groups found in flooded areas was carried out based on colony morphology, taking into account shape, elevation, and edges. Internal and external cell structure was characterized as cocci or rod, gram-positive or gram-negative, and spore forming or not. The results obtained regarding density and bacterial distribution in the water samples from rice growing areas of RS showed a higher abundance of morphotypes of bacterial colonies in the irrigation channels (F(1,12) = 8.74; p < 0.05) when compared to the culture plots in the five production regions, and in the final culture phase (F(1,12) = 8.86; p < 0.05). In the five rice production areas the occurrence of gram-positive and spore-forming rods was prevalent. Rods showed more abundance (F(1,26) = 15.12; p < 0.05) in the early culture phase, with a significant prevalence of gram-positive rods (F(1,26) = 25.99; p < 0.05) in all rice growing regions under investigation. The group of spore-forming bacteria was significantly more abundant (F(1,30) = 14.06; p < 0.05) when compared with the non-spore-forming ones in all investigated regions. Data showed that the irrigated rice crop affects the density and morphotype colonies in the bacteria found in the water used to flood rice-growing plots.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Agrícolas , Água Doce/microbiologia , Oryza , Microbiologia da Água , BrasilRESUMO
Microrganismos são componentes importantes na estrutura e no funcionamento dos ecossistemas aquáticos, assim, este trabalho objetivou identificar os grupos constituintes das comunidades bacterianas presentes na água de irrigação da cultura do arroz, onde amostras de água foram coletadas em cinco regiões orizícolas do Brasil. A identificação dos principais grupos de bactérias encontrados nas áreas inundadas foi efetuada por meio da morfologia das colônias, sendo avaliados forma, elevação, bordo e estrutura, assim como estruturas internas e externas das células, caracterizando-as como cocos ou bastonetes, gram-positivas ou gram-negativas e esporulantes ou não-esporulantes. Os resultados obtidos quanto à densidade e à distribuição de bactérias em amostras de água de áreas orizícolas do RS revelam maior abundância de morfotipos de colônias bacterianas nos canais de irrigação (F1, 12 = 8,74, p < 0,05) quando comparados às parcelas de cultivo das cinco regiões produtoras e na fase final (F1,12 = 8,86, p < 0,05) da cultura. Nas cinco regiões produtoras de arroz foi predominante a ocorrência de bastonetes, gram-positivos e esporulantes. Os bastonetes apresentaram maior número (F1, 26 = 15,12, p < 0,05) na fase inicial do cultivo, sendo os gram-positivos predominantes significativamente (F1, 26 = 25,99, p < 0,05) em todas as regiões orizícolas estudadas. O grupo de bactérias esporulantes foi significativamente mais abundante (F1, 30 = 14,06, p < 0,05) do que as não-esporulantes nas cinco regiões. Os dados obtidos revelam que a cultura de arroz irrigado tem influência na densidade e nos morfotipos de colônias das bactérias presentes na água utilizada na inundação das parcelas.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Água Doce/microbiologia , Oryza , Microbiologia da Água , BrasilRESUMO
A total of 595 faecal samples from raptorial birds, either captive or free-living, residing in GREFA Wildlife Hospital were bacteriologically examined using various selective media and an Automated Diagnostic Assay System for Salmonella detection. Serotype and phage type of the strains identified as Salmonella was determined. In the captive group, of the 285 samples examined, 21 (7.36%) were positive for Salmonella. Serotyping revealed that most of the individuals were infected by Salmonella serotype Havana. This result suggested that there could be a source of contamination in the Hospital although it could not be established. In the wild free-living group, over 310 samples examined (4.19%) were positive for Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates showed a major variety of serotypes: Enteritidis, Adelaide, Brandenburg, Newport, Typhimurium, Hadar, Saintpaul and Virchow. Most of them are similar to those commonly described in isolates from human and domestic animals. These results indicate that wild birds could be involved in the dissemination of Salmonella in humans or domestic animals or vice versa.
Assuntos
Aves Predatórias , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonella/classificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Fezes/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Sorotipagem , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: To establish a typing method for tracing the epidemic relationship of 16 strains of Salmonella serotype Havana isolated from captive raptors showing no symptomatology and residing in a wildlife hospital in Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ribotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology were applied. Ten unrelated strains of serotype Havana were included as a control group to provide a basis of for the efficiency of the different markers used. All outbreak-related strains were resistant to nalidixic acid and streptomycin and showed the same ripotype, pulsotype and AFLP pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that AFLP analysis has been tested with serotype Havana isolates and it has demonstrated to be the most useful epidemiological tool for discriminating between unrelated and outbreak-related strains of this serotype. The results obtained suggest that all the Salmonella serotype Havana isolates represented a common outbreak strain whose origin of contamination could not be established although it is thought that it was the poultry meat used for raptors'diet. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our study suggests the importance of microbiological analysis of these products in order to prevent contamination and dissemination of Salmonellae in this kind of Hospital.