(S)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl) piperazine-2,5-dione (cyclo-Gly-L-DOPA or CG-Nio-CGLD) peptide loaded in Chitosan Glutamate-Coated Niosomes as anti-Colorectal cancer activity.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC), now the second most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, is more prevalent in young adults. In recent decades, there has been progress in creating anti-colorectal cancer medications, including cytotoxic compounds. OBJECTIVES: Novel anticancer drugs are needed to surmount existing obstacles. A recent study investigated the effectiveness of novel formulations in preventing colorectal cancer. METHODS: During this study, we assessed a new kind of niosome called cyclo-Gly-L-DOPA (CG-Nio-CGLD) made from chitosan glutamate. We evaluated the anti-colorectal cancer properties of CG-Nio-CGLD utilizing CCK-8, invasion assay, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and cell cycle analysis. The transcription of genes associated with apoptosis was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. At the same time, the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials on both cancer and normal cell lines was assessed using MTT assays. Novel anticancer drugs are needed to surmount existing obstacles. A recent study investigated the effectiveness of newly developed formulations in preventing colorectal cancer. RESULTS: The Nio-CGLD and CG-Nio-CGLD were spherical mean diameters of 169.12 ± 1.87 and 179.26 ± 2.17 nm, respectively. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) measurements of the Nio-CGLD and CG-Nio-CGLD were 63.12 ± 0.51 and 76.43 ± 0.34%, respectively. In the CG-Nio-CGLD group, the percentages of early, late, necrotic, and viable CL40 cells were 341.93%, 23.27%, 9.32%, and 25.48%. The transcription of the genes PP53, cas3, and cas8 was noticeably higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (P > 0.001). Additionally, the treatment group had lower BCL2 and survivin gene expression levels than the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, CG-Nio-CGLD formulations demonstrated a biocompatible nanoscale delivery mechanism and displayed little cytotoxicity toward the CCD 841 CoN reference cell line. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that chitosan-based noisome encapsulation may enhance the effectiveness of CG-Nio-CGLD formulations in fighting cancer.

A novel vaccine strategy against Brucellosis using Brucella abortus multi-epitope OMPs vaccine based on Lactococcus lactis live bacterial vectors.

Brucella infections typically occur in mucosal membranes, emphasizing the need for mucosal vaccinations. This study evaluated the effectiveness of orally administering Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) for producing the Brucella abortus multi-epitope OMPs peptide. A multi-epitope plasmid was generated through a reverse vaccinology method, and mice were administered the genetically modified L. lactis orally as a vaccine. The plasmid underwent digestion, synthesizing a 39 kDa-sized protein known as OMPs by the target group. The sera of mice that were administered the pNZ8124-OMPs-L. lactis vaccine exhibited a notable presence of IgG1 antibodies specific to outer membrane proteins (OMPs), heightened levels of interferon (IFN-λ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and enhanced transcription rates of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). The spleen sections from the pNZ8124-OMPs-L. lactis and IRIBA group had less morphological damage associated with inflammation, infiltration of lymphocytes, and lesions to the spleen. The findings present a novel approach to utilizing the food-grade, non-pathogenic L. lactis as a protein cell factory to synthesize innovative immunological candidate OMPs. This approach offers a distinctive way to evaluate experimental medicinal items' practicality, safety, affordability, and long-term sustainability.