Lung function in the absence of respiratory symptoms in overweight children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To describe lung function findings in overweight children and adolescents without respiratory disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving male and female overweight children and adolescents in the 8-18 year age bracket, without respiratory disease. All of the participants underwent anthropometric assessment, chest X-ray, pulse oximetry, spirometry, and lung volume measurements. Individuals with respiratory disease were excluded, as were those who were smokers, those with abnormal chest X-rays, and those with an SpO2 = 92%. Waist circumference was measured in centimeters. The body mass index-for-age Z score for boys and girls was used in order to classify the individuals as overweight, obese, or severely obese. Lung function variables were expressed in percentage of the predicted value and were correlated with the anthropometric indices. RESULTS: We included 59 individuals (30 males and 29 females). The mean age was 11.7 ± 2.7 years. Lung function was normal in 21 individuals (35.6%). Of the 38 remaining individuals, 19 (32.2%), 15 (25.4%), and 4 (6.7%) presented with obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilatory disorder, respectively. The bronchodilator response was positive in 15 individuals (25.4%), and TLC measurements revealed that all of the individuals with reduced VC had restrictive ventilatory disorder. There were significant negative correlations between the anthropometric indices and the Tiffeneau index in the individuals with mixed ventilatory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function was abnormal in approximately 65% of the individuals evaluated here, all of whom were overweight. Obstructive ventilatory disorder and positive bronchodilator response predominated.

Lung function in the absence of respiratory symptoms in overweight children and adolescents / Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes sem sintomas respiratórios e com excesso de peso / Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes sem sintomas respiratórios e com excesso de peso

OBJECTIVE: To describe lung function findings in overweight children and adolescents without respiratory disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving male and female overweight children and adolescents in the 8-18 year age bracket, without respiratory disease. All of the participants underwent anthropometric assessment, chest X-ray, pulse oximetry, spirometry, and lung volume measurements. Individuals with respiratory disease were excluded, as were those who were smokers, those with abnormal chest X-rays, and those with an SpO2 = 92%. Waist circumference was measured in centimeters. The body mass index-for-age Z score for boys and girls was used in order to classify the individuals as overweight, obese, or severely obese. Lung function variables were expressed in percentage of the predicted value and were correlated with the anthropometric indices. RESULTS: We included 59 individuals (30 males and 29 females). The mean age was 11.7 ± 2.7 years. Lung function was normal in 21 individuals (35.6%). Of the 38 remaining individuals, 19 (32.2%), 15 (25.4%), and 4 (6.7%) presented with obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilatory disorder, respectively. The bronchodilator response was positive in 15 individuals (25.4%), and TLC measurements revealed that all of the individuals with reduced VC had restrictive ventilatory disorder. There were significant negative correlations between the anthropometric indices and the Tiffeneau index in the individuals with mixed ventilatory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function was abnormal in approximately 65% of the individuals evaluated here, all of whom were overweight. Obstructive ventilatory disorder and positive bronchodilator response predominated. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados de função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes sem doenças respiratórias e com excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, com excesso de peso e sem doença respiratória, submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, radiografia de tórax, oximetria de pulso, espirometria e medidas de volume pulmonar. Indivíduos com patologias respiratórias, tabagistas ativos, radiografia anormal ou SpO2 = 92% foram excluídos do estudo. A circunferência da cintura foi medida em centímetros. O escore z para índice de massa corpórea/idade e sexo foi utilizado para classificar os indivíduos como com sobrepeso, obesos e obesos graves. As variáveis dos testes de função pulmonar foram expressas em percentual do previsto e correlacionadas com os índices antropométricos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 59 indivíduos (30 meninos e 29 meninas). A média de idade foi de 11,7 ± 2,7 anos. Os resultados dos testes de função pulmonar foram normais em 21 indivíduos (35,6%). Dos 38 indivíduos restantes, 19 (32,2%), 15 (25,4%) e 4 (6,7%) apresentaram, respectivamente, distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo, restritivo e misto. A resposta ao broncodilatador foi positiva em 15 indivíduos (25,4%), e a medida da CPT revelou que todos os indivíduos com CV reduzida apresentavam distúrbio ventilatório restritivo. Houve correlações negativas significantes entre os índices antropométricos e índice de Tiffeneau nos indivíduos com distúrbio ventilatório misto. CONCLUSÕES: A função pulmonar apresentou-se alterada em aproximadamente 65% dos indivíduos com sobrepeso aqui avaliados, predominando distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo ...

Molecular characterization of group A rotavirus isolates obtained from hospitalized children in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Rotavirus is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children. The objective of this study was to characterize the genotypes of Human Rotavirus found in children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in the Pediatric Hospital Prof. Hosannah de Oliveira of the UFBA in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2002. Fecal samples were analyzed (n=358) by methods EIARA and SDS-PAGE for detection of Rotavirus. Positive samples of one or two of these methods (n=168) were submitted to RT-PCR and Multiplex-Nested PCR to determine genotypes G and P. A hundred sixty-eight (46.9%) samples were positive and 190 (53.1%) negative. Only 17 (4.7%) samples had divergent results. The distribution of genotypes G during the first year, showed that the genotype G9 was present in 96,8% of the analyzed samples, in the second year, it was responsible for 96% and in the third year, 88,1%. The characterization of genotypes P demonstrated that the genotype P1A[8] was the most outstanding in all years. In this study we discuss the benefit to control the genotypes of Rotavirus through the molecular characterization for the development of potential vaccines.

Molecular characterization of group A rotavirus isolates obtained from hospitalized children in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Rotavirus is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children. The objective of this study was to characterize the genotypes of Human Rotavirus found in children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in the Pediatric Hospital Prof. Hosannah de Oliveira of the UFBA in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2002. Fecal samples were analyzed (n=358) by methods EIARA and SDS-PAGE for detection of Rotavirus. Positive samples of one or two of these methods (n=168) were submitted to RT-PCR and Multiplex-Nested PCR to determine genotypes G and P. A hundred sixty-eight (46.9 percent) samples were positive and 190 (53.1 percent) negative. Only 17 (4.7 percent) samples had divergent results. The distribution of genotypes G during the first year, showed that the genotype G9 was present in 96,8 percent of the analyzed samples, in the second year, it was responsible for 96 percent and in the third year, 88,1 percent. The characterization of genotypes P demonstrated that the genotype P1A[8] was the most outstanding in all years. In this study we discuss the benefit to control the genotypes of Rotavirus through the molecular characterization for the development of potential vaccines.

Terapia nutricional enteral na síndrome do intestino curto com fórmula infantil elementar / Enteral nutrition therapy in short bowel syndrome with infantile elemental diet

A Síndrome do Intestino Curto (SIC) se caracteriza por importante estado de má absorçäo de nutrientes, que resulta de uma reduçäo substancial do intestino delgado. Este estudo é um relato de caso de um paciente com SIC, com história de ampla rececçäo intestinal. Paciente do sexo masculino, 23 meses, negro, com desnutriçäo grave, peso de internaçäo 6460 g. Avia de acesso para a nutriçäo foi nasogástrica, sonda de polietileno, infusäo contínua e a dieta utilizada foi uma formula infantil elementar (NEOCATE). A oferta calórica inicial foi de 100 kcal/kg/dia e a propéica foi de 3,0 g/kg/dia, com evoluçäo dependente do ganho ponderal e da readaptaçäo intestinal, alcançando oferta calórica final de 200 kcal/kg/dia e protóica de 6 kcal/kg/dia. O paciente foi mantido em balanço metabólico, com acompanhamento diário de peso, ingestäo e perdas. Cuidados das lesöes infectadas nas ostomias, avaliaçäo nutricional bioquímica, antropométrica e clínica constante foram realizadas. Apesar do paciente ter sido encaminhado inicialmwente para Nutriçäo Parenteral Total (NPT), a via enteral foi utilizada com o uso de uma dieta elementar como última escolha antes da NPT. O paciente foi abordado com sucesso, exclusivamente com nutriçäo enteral. Apresentou curva enteral ascendente, com recuperaçäo do estado geral e nutricional, alcançando no quinquagésimo quarto DHI o peso de 8540 g, que possibilitou um teto cirúrgico necessário para a reconstruçäo do transito intestinal. Apesar do encaminhamento inadequado e do manejo inicial incorreto, o estabelecimento de uma terapia nutricional eficaz foi capaz de proporcionar a sobrevida de um paciente absolutamente viável.(au)