[Concentration of calcium ions in the saliva and the value of the pH of the saliva in female and male smokers]. / Stezenie jonów wapnia w slinie oraz wartosc pH sliny u palacych papierosy kobiet i mezczyzn.

Dental decay is a pathological process of extrasomatic origin which leads to demineralization and proteolytic degradation of hard surfaces of a tooth susceptible to this disease. Saliva composition, including calcium ion concentration and its pH value, is of importance in the development of the carious process. Tobacco smoke contains toxic compounds which negatively influence oral health. The aim of the study was evaluation of the selected saliva components: protein concentration, Ca2+ concentration, pH value both in male and female smokers. The investigated group included 65 patients reporting for the treatment to the Department of Conservative Dentistry of Medical University in Lublin. In the investigated group male smokers constituted 15.38%, female smokers--20.00%, male nicotine abstinents 21.54% and female nicotine abstinent 43.08%. The study included both survey examinations of patients and biochemical examinations of the saliva. Mixed, non-stimulated saliva was used as a material for biochemical examinations. Ca2+ concentration and pH of the saliva were assayed with the use of Rapidlab 348 analyzer. Protein in the saliva was assayed with calorimetric method according to Lowry. Saliva was collected from smokers 10-120 minutes after smoking of several cigarettes. It was stated that Ca2+ and protein concentration as well as pH of the saliva were not correlated with sex and cigarette smoking or non-smoking.

[Oxygen transfer and consumption in human placenta exposed to variable magnetic fields in vitro]. / Transfer i zuzycie tlenu w lozysku ludzkim in vitro w warunkach oddzialywania zmiennego pola magnetycznego.

The initial investigations concerning the influence of variable magnetic fields (MF) on transfer and oxygen consumption in isolated human cotyledon in vitro were performed. Ten dual closed perfusion of the human cotyledon were conducted in each group. The control group was not exposed to magnetic fields. In studied groups cotyledons were exposed to magnetic field: in the group B1 (B = 2 mT, f = 50 Hz), and in the group B2 (B = 5 mT, f = 50 Hz) for 180 min. Obtained results may suggest that variable magnetic field (B = 5 mT, f = 50 Hz) cause decrease of oxygen consumption in human placenta in 120 and 150 min of experiment.

The effect of oscillating low intensity magnetic field on the Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ concentrations in the maternal and fetal circulation of the dually perfused human placental cotyledon.

Dual-sided perfusions of the human placental cotyledon in vitro were used to study effects of low intensity magnetic fields (MFs) of 2 mT, 50 Hz (E1, 10 perfusions) and 5 mT, 50 Hz (E2, 10 perfusions). In the control group C (10 experiments) no field was used. Perfusions lasted 180 min each. Increased release of calcium ions from the placental cotyledon was found in the fetal circulation during perfusion when the 2 mT, 50 Hz MF was used. No changes in the release of sodium and magnesium ions were observed compared to the control group. The 5 mT, 50 Hz oscillating MF intensified the release of sodium ions from the perfused cotyledon both to the fetal and maternal circulation up to the 150th min of the experiment. Increased release of magnesium ions was observed only to the fetal circulation between 120 and 180 min and of calcium ions to the fetal circulation between 60 and 180 min. No significant differences in K concentrations were found between the control and MF exposed cotyledons under conditions of these experiments.

[Evaluation of the morphology of the human placental cotyledon following dual in vitro perfusion in variable magnetic field]. / Ocena morfologii zrazika lozyska ludzkiego poddanego dwustronnej perfuzji in vitro w warunkach zmiennego pola magnetycznego.

UNLABELLED: Objectives and the aim of the study was electron-microscopy morphological estimation of the human placental cotyledon after 180 minutes of dual closed perfusion in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experimental group the cotyledons were exposed to variable magnetic field of 2 mT magnetic induction and 50 Hz frequency. The control group K (10 perfusions) was not subjected to magnetic field while the experimental group B (10 perfusions) was influenced by magnetic field. RESULTS: It was found that homogeneous variable magnetic field disturbs the ultrastructure of the nuclei and cytoplasma and it increases the density of the vascular-epithelial membrane of villi cells of human placenta in vitro. CONCLUSION: Variable sinusoildal, magnetic field of 2 mT magnetic induction and 50 Hz frequency disturbs the ultrastructure of the nuclei and cytoplasma and it increases the density of the vascular-epithelial membrane of villi cells of human placenta in vitro after 180 minutes of dual closed perfusion in vitro.

[Influence of valproic acid (depakine I.V.) on human placenta metabolism--experimental model]. / Wplyw kwasu walproinowego (Depakine I.V.) na metabolizm lozyska ludzkiego w modelu doswiadczalnym.

OBJECTIVES: The pregnancy in women with epilepsy is associated with an increased incidence of congenital malformations in offspring. Currently, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are concerned to be a major etiologic factor of abnormal fetal development but the pathomechanism of teratogenicity of AEDs is complex and not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an influence of one of the AED-valproic acid (VPA) on placental metabolism (glucose consumption and lactate production). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Term human placental cotyledons were perfused in vitro using a recycling perfusion of maternal and fetal circulations. A total 18 placentas were perfused either with 75 micrograms/ml of VPA (therapeutic dose) or with 225 micrograms/ml of VPA (toxic dose). Eight placentas were perfused with a medium without VPA and served as controls. During 2.5 h of experiment, both maternal and fetal glucose consumption and lactate production were measured every 30 minutes. RESULTS: The introduction of different concentrations of VPA into the perfusion system did not effect placental glucose consumption and lactate production rates in both maternal and fetal compartments. CONCLUSIONS: The teratogenic effect of valproic acid is not associated with metabolic disturbances of glucose or lactate in the placental tissue.

[The dually perfused human placenta by Schneider method modified Miller. II. Changes of arterial and venous fetal blood pressure]. / Badania nad metodyczna wartoscia dwustronnej perfuzji zrazika lozyska ludzkiego in vitro sposobem Schneidera w modyfikacji Millera. II. Ocena wartosci cisnienia tetniczego w krazeniu plodowym.

The study was carried out on 7 human placental cotyledons. Placental perfusions performed by Schneider method modified by Miller were conducted for 180 min. assessment of arterial and venous pressure in fetal blood was performed. There were no statistically significant differences between obtained values of perfusion pressure obtained the experiment. The range of vessels perfusion resistance was stable during the experiment. The results ot this study lead to conclusion that the method used can be valuable for assessment of other perfusion liquid parameters and introduced to subsequent experiments.

[The dually perfused human placenta by Schneider method modified by Miller. I. Changes of arterial and venous pH in material and fetal blood]. / Badania nad metodyczna wartoscia dwustronnej perfuzji zrazika lozyska ludzkiego in vitro sposobem Schneidera w modyfikacji Millera. I. Ocena wartosci pH plynu perfuzyjnego w krazeniu tetniczym i zylnym ukladu plodowego oraz matczynego.

The study was carried out on 7 human placental cotyledons. Placental perfusions performed by Schneider method modified by Miller were conducted for 180 min. Assessment of arterial and venous pH in maternal and fetal blood was performed. There were no statistically significant differences between obtained parameters throughout the experiment. The results of this study point to the conclusion that the method can be used for assessment of other perfusion liquid parameters and introduced to subsequent experiments.