Effect of shoulder model complexity in upper-body kinematics analysis of the golf swing.

The golf swing is a complex full body movement during which the spine and shoulders are highly involved. In order to determine shoulder kinematics during this movement, multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) can be recommended to limit the effect of the soft tissue artifact and to avoid joint dislocations or bone penetration in reconstructed kinematics. Classically, in golf biomechanics research, the shoulder is represented by a 3 degrees-of-freedom model representing the glenohumeral joint. More complex and physiological models are already provided in the scientific literature. Particularly, the model used in this study was a full body model and also described motions of clavicles and scapulae. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of utilizing a more complex and physiological shoulder model when studying the golf swing. Results obtained on 20 golfers showed that a more complex and physiologically-accurate model can more efficiently track experimental markers, which resulted in differences in joint kinematics. Hence, the model with 3 degrees-of-freedom between the humerus and the thorax may be inadequate when combined with MKO and a more physiological model would be beneficial. Finally, results would also be improved through a subject-specific approach for the determination of the segment lengths.

[Functional re-education, self-education, and education of patients with leg arthrosis]. / Rééducation fonctionnelle, auto-rééducation et éducation des patients ayant une arthrose du membre inférieur.

EXPERT OPINIONS: Functional rehabilitation, self-rehabilitation in the patient's home and patient education are the basis of non-drug management of patients with osteoarthritis. This approach helps reduce pain and the frequency of consultations, and improves physical activity and quality of life. FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION: The objective is to limit pain, to maintain joint mobility and muscle force, and to learn how to manage one's disease. Evidence in the literature demonstrates the efficacy of functional rehabilitation. SELF-REHABILITATION: The objective of self-rehabilitation is the same as functional rehabilitation and data in the literature indicate positive results on pain and functional symptoms. PATIENT EDUCATION PROGRAMS: Presented in the form of advise booklet or videos (CD-Room Arthemus), patient education programs improve non-drug management of osteoarthritis. COMPLEMENTARITY: It is logical to associate the different modalities of non-drug management of osteoarthritis since their objectives are complementary and synergetic.