RESUMO
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) and the risk of its lethal complications are propelled by fibrosis, which induces electrical heterogeneity and gives rise to reentry circuits. Atrial TREM2+ macrophages secrete osteopontin (encoded by Spp1), a matricellular signaling protein that engenders fibrosis and AFib. Here we show that silencing Spp1 in TREM2+ cardiac macrophages with an antibody-siRNA conjugate reduces atrial fibrosis and suppresses AFib in mice, thus offering a new immunotherapy for the most common arrhythmia.
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Despite the development of many novel carriers for the delivery of various types of genetic material, the lack of a delivery system with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity is a major bottleneck. Herein, low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI1.8k) was functionalized with saponin residues using phenylboronic acid (PBA) as an ATP-responsive cross-linker, and a fluorinated side chain to construct PEI-PBA-SAP-F polycation as a highly efficient delivery vector. This vehicle could transfect small plasmid DNA (â¼3 kb) with outstanding efficiency into various cells, including HEK 293T, NIH3T3, A549, PC12, MCF7 and HT-29, as well as robust transfection of a large plasmid (â¼9 kb) into HEK 293T cells. The carrier indicated good transfection efficacy even at high concentration of serum and low doses of plasmid. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-out analysis demonstrated transfection of different types of CRISPR/Cas9 complexes (Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins RNP, plasmid encoding Cas9 plus sgRNA targeting GFP, Cas9 expression plasmid plusin vitro-prepared sgRNA). In summary, we report an effective PEI-PBA-SAP-F gene carrier with the appropriate lipophilic/cationic balance for biomedical applications.
Assuntos
Flúor , Saponinas , Animais , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3 , Plasmídeos/genética , Polieletrólitos , Polietilenoimina/química , TransfecçãoRESUMO
In recent years, therapeutic conjugates have attracted considerable attention as a new class of drug due to their unique pharmacological properties, especially from the pharmaceutical community. Their molecular structure tunability, improved targeting specificity, and therapeutic efficacy have been demonstrated in a wide range of research and clinical applications. In this topical review, we summarize selected recent advances in bioconjugation strategies for the development of therapeutic conjugates, their emerging application in clinical settings, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research.
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Tratamento Farmacológico/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/métodos , Animais , Humanos , Substâncias Macromoleculares/metabolismo , Hormônios Peptídicos/metabolismo , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismoRESUMO
mRNA has broad potential as a therapeutic. Current clinical efforts are focused on vaccination, protein replacement therapies, and treatment of genetic diseases. The clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics has been made possible through advances in the design of mRNA manufacturing and intracellular delivery methods. However, broad application of mRNA is still limited by the need for improved delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the challenges for clinical translation of mRNA-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on recent advances in biomaterials and delivery strategies, and we present an overview of the applications of mRNA-based delivery for protein therapy, gene editing, and vaccination.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Terapia Genética/métodos , RNA Mensageiro/uso terapêutico , Animais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Peptídeos Penetradores de Células/química , Dendrímeros/química , Edição de Genes/métodos , Humanos , Lipídeos/química , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Polímeros/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
The utility of messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapy is gaining a broad interest due to its potential for addressing a wide range of diseases, while effective delivery of mRNA molecules to various tissues still poses a challenge. This study reports on the design and characterization of new ionizable amino-polyesters (APEs), synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones with tertiary amino-alcohols that enable tissue and cell type selective delivery of mRNA. With a diverse library of APEs formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP), structure-activity parameters crucial for efficient transfection are established and APE-LNPs are identified that can preferentially home to and elicit effective mRNA expression with low in vivo toxicity in lung endothelium, liver hepatocytes, and splenic antigen presenting cells, including APE-LNP demonstrating nearly tenfold more potent systemic mRNA delivery to the lungs than vivo-jetPEI. Adopting tertiary amino-alcohols to initiate ROP of lactones allows to control polymer molecular weight and obtain amino-polyesters with narrow molecular weight distribution, exhibiting batch-to-batch consistency. All of which highlight the potential for clinical translation of APEs for systemic mRNA delivery and demonstrate the importance of employing controlled polymerization in the design of new polymeric nanomaterials to improve in vivo nucleic acid delivery.
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Ionizing radiation is frequently used to kill tumor cells. However, hypoxic solid tumor cells are more resistant to this treatment, providing the impetus to develop molecules that sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) has been investigated as a radiosensitizing agent in the lab and clinic for almost 5 decades. Recent reports that BrdU yields DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) in non-base-paired regions motivated us to develop radiosensitizing agents that generate cross-links in duplex DNA selectively under anoxic conditions. 4-Bromo- and 5-bromopyridone analogues of BrdU were synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides via solid-phase synthesis. Upon irradiation, these molecules yield DNA interstrand cross-links under anaerobic conditions. The respective nucleotide triphosphates are substrates for some DNA polymerases. ICLs are produced upon irradiation under anoxic conditions when the 4-bromopyridone is present in a PCR product. Because the nucleoside analogue is a poor phosphorylation substrate for human deoxycytidine kinase, a pro-nucleotide form of the 4-bromopyridone was used to incorporate this analogue into cellular DNA. Despite these efforts, the 4-bromopyridone nucleotide was not detected in cellular DNA. Although these molecules are improvements over previously reported nucleotide analogues designed to be hypoxic radiosensitizing agents, additional advances are needed to create molecules that function in cells.
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Bromodesoxiuridina/química , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacologia , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/química , Dano ao DNA/efeitos da radiação , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/química , DNA/química , Desoxiuridina/química , Nucleotídeos/química , Piridonas/química , Piridonas/farmacologia , Radiossensibilizantes/química , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , DNA/metabolismo , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/metabolismo , Humanos , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Síntese em Fase Sólida , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
The bryostatins are a group of 20 macrolides isolated by Pettit and co-workers from the marine organism Bugula neritina. Bryostatin 1, the flagship member of the family, has been the subject of intense chemical and biological investigations due to its remarkably diverse biological activities, including promising indications as therapy for cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and HIV. Other bryostatins, however, have attracted far less attention, most probably due to their relatively low natural abundance and associated scarcity of supply. Among all macrolides in this family, bryostatin 7 is biologically the most potent protein kinase C (PKC) ligand (in terms of binding affinity) and also the first bryostatin to be synthesized in the laboratory. Nonetheless, almost no biological studies have been carried out on this agent. We describe herein the total synthesis of bryostatin 7 based on our pyran annulation technology, which allows for the first detailed biological characterizations of bryostatin 7 with side-by-side comparisons to bryostatin 1. The results suggest that the more easily synthesized and less lipophilic bryostatin 7 may be an effective surrogate for bryostatin 1.
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Briostatinas/farmacologia , Lipídeos/química , Briostatinas/síntese química , Briostatinas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação para Baixo , Humanos , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Masculino , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Frações Subcelulares/enzimologia , Células U937RESUMO
The role of the C(8) gem-dimethyl group in the A-ring of bryostatin 1 has been examined through chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of a new analogue. Assays for biological function using U937, K562, and MV4-11 cells as well as the profiles for downregulation of PKC isozymes revealed that the presence of this group is not a critical determinant for the unique pattern of biological activity of bryostatin.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Briostatinas/síntese química , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Briostatinas/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Humanos , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Bryostatin 1 is a marine natural product that is a very promising lead compound because of the potent biological activity it displays against a variety of human disease states. We describe herein the first total synthesis of this agent. The synthetic route adopted is a highly convergent one in which the preformed, heavily functionalized pyran rings A and C are united by "pyran annulation", the TMSOTf-promoted reaction between a hydroxyallylsilane appended to the A-ring fragment and an aldehyde contained in the C-ring fragment, with concomitant formation of the B ring. Further elaborations of the resulting very highly functionalized intermediate include macrolactonization and selective cleavage of just one of five ester linkages present.