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1.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 39(2): 208-213, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36477322

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) with severe neurological disease. We reviewed the medical records of patients under 1 year of age with positive IgM test for Toxoplasma gondii and brain, eye, and/or hearing involvement. This study was carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSNSB), Lima, Peru. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with CT were evaluated; 57.1% were female, and the median age at diagnosis was 3.1 months (IQR: 1.7-7.3). The main central nervous system manifestations were hydrocephalus (76.2%), intracranial calcifications (52.4%), microcephaly (42.9%), and convulsions (25.6%); the most frequent ocular manifestation was chorioretinitis (38.1%). In conclusion, 64% of CT cases had one or more manifestations of severe neurological disease.


El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, y terapéuticas de pacientes con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis congénita (TC) con enfermedad neurológica severa. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 1 año con serología IgM positiva para Toxoplasma gondii y compromiso encefálico, ocular y/o auditivo. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN-SB) en Lima, Perú. Se evaluaron a 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de TC, el 57,1% fueron del sexo femenino y la mediana de edad al momento del diagnóstico fue 3,1 meses (RIC: 1,7-7,3). Las principales manifestaciones del sistema nervioso central fueron hidrocefalia (76,2%), calcificaciones intracraneales (52,4%), microcefalia (42,9%), y convulsiones (25,6%); la manifestación ocular más frecuente fue la coriorretinitis (38,1%). En conclusión, 64% de los casos de TC tuvieron una o más manifestaciones de enfermedad neurológica severa.


Assuntos
Toxoplasmose Congênita , Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Masculino , Toxoplasmose Congênita/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Congênita/epidemiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Hospitais
2.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(4): 765-775, octubre-diciembre 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1401400

RESUMO

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a great impact on children's health. This study describes the characteristics of hospitalized children at the San Borja National Children's Health Institute in Perú. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from March to July 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment information were collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis to determine differences between patients in general wards and the intensive care unit (ICU). Results: We included 91 patients, 33 being females (36.3%). The most affected age group was children > 2 years of age (63 cases) with a median age of 6 years (IQR 3-10), and 61.5% were from Lima. The previous contact was determined in 30.8% of cases. A positive SARS CoV-2 PCR result was obtained in 50.6%. The presence of comorbidity was 53.8%. The most frequent symptoms were: fever (39.6%), general malaise (23.1%), cough (19.8%), and respiratory distress (14.3%). The presence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was confirmed in 6 patients. Antibiotics were administered in 76.9%. The most frequent radiological pattern was bilateral interstitial infiltrates (57.7%). Mortality was higher in patients in the ICU than in the hospitalization ward (27.3% vs. 4.3%, respectively; p = 0.020) Conclusions: COVID-19 in children presents mild and moderate clinical manifestations. The presence of comorbidity is an important factor for hospitalization, and mortality is high upon admission to critical care units.


Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 representa un gran impacto en salud infantil, en este estudio se describe el comportamiento de esta enfermedad en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN-SB) en el Perú. Métodos :Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 durante marzo a julio de 2020. Se recolectó información demográfica, clínica, laboratorial, radiológica y de tratamiento, para el análisis de datos se incluyó estadística descriptiva y un análisis bivariado para determinar las diferencias de pacientes en salas de hospitalización y la Unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrico (UCIP). Resultados: Se incluyeron 91 pacientes, 33 de sexo femenino (36,3%). El grupo etario más afectado fueron los niños > de 2 años de edad (63 casos) con una mediana de edad de 6 años (RIC 1-8). 61,5% de pacientes procedían de Lima. El resultado de PCR SARS CoV-2 fue positivo en el 50,6%. La presencia de comorbilidad fue 53,8%. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre (39,6%), malestar general (23,1%), tos (19.8%) y dificultad respiratoria (14,3%). La presencia de síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (MIS-C) se confirmó en 6 pacientes. El uso de antibióticos representó 76,9%. El patrón radiológico más frecuente fue intersticial bilateral (57,7%). La mortalidad fue mayor en pacientes de UCI frente a los de salas de hospitalización (27,3% vs. 4,3%, respectivamente; p = 0.020). Conclusiones: El COVID-19 en niños presenta manifestaciones clínicas leves y moderadas. La presencia de comorbilidades es un factor importante de hospitalización, y la mortalidad es alta en pacientes admitidos a UCIP.

3.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 39(1): 65-69, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35766742

RESUMO

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children is a public health problem. To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of CE, we reviewed the records of 55 children admitted to our institution with a confirmed diagnosis of CE between 2017-2019, analyzing demographic data, clinical manifestations, and treatment. Of the population, 61.8% (34/55) were male. The mean age was 9.25 years (SD: 2.79); 16.4% had previous CE diagnosis, and 50.9% had contact with dogs. The median time of illness was 2 months. Of the patients, 65.5% had hepatic involvement, 56.4% had pulmonary involvement, and 21.8% had both hepatic and pulmonary involvement. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (80.6%) and cough (80.6%). Surgical treatment was performed in 87.5% of patients with hepatic CE, in 100% of those with pulmonary CE and in 100% of those with hepatic and pulmonary CE. Albendazole was prescribed in 100% of hepatic cases, in 73.7% of pulmonary cases, and in 75% of those with both conditions. Mortality was not reported.


La equinococosis quística (EQ) en niños es un problema de salud pública. Para describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la EQ se revisaron los registros de 55 niños con diagnóstico confirmado de EQ admitidos entre 2017 y 2019 en un centro quirúrgico referencial del Perú. Se analizaron los datos demográficos, las manifestaciones clínicas y el tratamiento. El 61,8% (34/55) de los niños fue de sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue de 9,25 años (DE: 2,79); un 16,4% tuvo diagnóstico previo de EQ, y un 50,9% tuvo contacto con perros. La mediana de tiempo de enfermedad fue de dos meses. El 65,5% tuvo afectación hepática, el 56,4% pulmonar y el 21,8% hepática y pulmonar. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor abdominal (80,6%) y tos (80,6%). El tratamiento quirúrgico se realizó en el 87,5% de los casos con EQ hepática y en el 100% de los casos con EQ pulmonar y EQ hepática y pulmonar. Se prescribió albendazol en el 100% de casos hepáticos, en el 73,7% de casos pulmonares y en el 75% de ambas afectaciones. No se reporta mortalidad.


Assuntos
Equinococose Hepática , Equinococose Pulmonar , Animais , Criança , Cães , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Equinococose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Equinococose Hepática/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia
4.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(2): 208-213, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395057

RESUMO

RESUMEN El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, y terapéuticas de pacientes con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis congénita (TC) con enfermedad neurológica severa. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 1 año con serología IgM positiva para Toxoplasma gondii y compromiso encefálico, ocular y/o auditivo. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN-SB) en Lima, Perú. Se evaluaron a 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de TC, el 57,1% fueron del sexo femenino y la mediana de edad al momento del diagnóstico fue 3,1 meses (RIC: 1,7-7,3). Las principales manifestaciones del sistema nervioso central fueron hidrocefalia (76,2%), calcificaciones intracraneales (52,4%), microcefalia (42,9%), y convulsiones (25,6%); la manifestación ocular más frecuente fue la coriorretinitis (38,1%). En conclusión, 64% de los casos de TC tuvieron una o más manifestaciones de enfermedad neurológica severa.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) with severe neurological disease. We reviewed the medical records of patients under 1 year of age with positive IgM test for Toxoplasma gondii and brain, eye, and/or hearing involvement. This study was carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSNSB), Lima, Peru. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with CT were evaluated; 57.1% were female, and the median age at diagnosis was 3.1 months (IQR: 1.7-7.3). The main central nervous system manifestations were hydrocephalus (76.2%), intracranial calcifications (52.4%), microcephaly (42.9%), and convulsions (25.6%); the most frequent ocular manifestation was chorioretinitis (38.1%). In conclusion, 64% of CT cases had one or more manifestations of severe neurological disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Encéfalo , Toxoplasmose Congênita , Saúde da Criança , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Convulsões , Coriorretinite , Diabetes Insípido , Hidrocefalia , Microcefalia
5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(1): 65-69, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389929

RESUMO

RESUMEN La equinococosis quística (EQ) en niños es un problema de salud pública. Para describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la EQ se revisaron los registros de 55 niños con diagnóstico confirmado de EQ admitidos entre 2017 y 2019 en un centro quirúrgico referencial del Perú. Se analizaron los datos demográficos, las manifestaciones clínicas y el tratamiento. El 61,8% (34/55) de los niños fue de sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue de 9,25 años (DE: 2,79); un 16,4% tuvo diagnóstico previo de EQ, y un 50,9% tuvo contacto con perros. La mediana de tiempo de enfermedad fue de dos meses. El 65,5% tuvo afectación hepática, el 56,4% pulmonar y el 21,8% hepática y pulmonar. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor abdominal (80,6%) y tos (80,6%). El tratamiento quirúrgico se realizó en el 87,5% de los casos con EQ hepática y en el 100% de los casos con EQ pulmonar y EQ hepática y pulmonar. Se prescribió albendazol en el 100% de casos hepáticos, en el 73,7% de casos pulmonares y en el 75% de ambas afectaciones. No se reporta mortalidad.


ABSTRACT Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children is a public health problem. To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of CE, we reviewed the records of 55 children admitted to our institution with a confirmed diagnosis of CE between 2017-2019, analyzing demographic data, clinical manifestations, and treatment. Of the population, 61.8% (34/55) were male. The mean age was 9.25 years (SD: 2.79); 16.4% had previous CE diagnosis, and 50.9% had contact with dogs. The median time of illness was 2 months. Of the patients, 65.5% had hepatic involvement, 56.4% had pulmonary involvement, and 21.8% had both hepatic and pulmonary involvement. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (80.6%) and cough (80.6%). Surgical treatment was performed in 87.5% of patients with hepatic CE, in 100% of those with pulmonary CE and in 100% of those with hepatic and pulmonary CE. Albendazole was prescribed in 100% of hepatic cases, in 73.7% of pulmonary cases, and in 75% of those with both conditions. Mortality was not reported.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Criança , Saúde Pública , Equinococose , Echinococcus granulosus , Equinococose Hepática , Equinococose Pulmonar
6.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther ; 27(1): 57-62, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35002560

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Prophylaxis with posaconazole (PP) is effective in the prevention of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised adult patients. However, evaluation of its effectiveness and safety in children is limited. The aim of the study was to describe the use of posaconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in children. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of immunocompromised patients younger than 13 years with hematologic diseases and post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) who received antifungal PP at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN-SB) in Lima, Peru, from January 2014 to December 2018. RESULTS: Fifty-six courses of PP were identified in 47 patients with a median age of 7.5 years (IQR, 4-10), 51.6% (n = 24) of whom were female. The main underlying medical conditions were aplastic anemia (n = 19, 33.9%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 18, 32.1%), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 14, 25.0%), and 34.1% had undergone HSCT. The median dose of posaconazole was 13.62 mg/kg/day (IQR, 12.0-16.8), and the median duration of PP was 24 days (IQR, 16-82). Gastrointestinal symptoms included abdominal pain (17.9%), nausea (16.1%), diarrhea (7.1%), and vomiting (3.6%). Elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were observed in 9/35 patients (25.7%) and 10/51 (19.6%) patients, respectively. Five cases of breakthrough fungal infection were identified (8.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients younger than 13 years who received PP showed an increase in transaminase values, and the development of breakthrough fungal infections.

7.
IDCases ; 22: e00994, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33194549

RESUMO

Motor neuron disease (MND) have an incidence of 2 in 100 000 persons, resulting in the death of 1 in every 500 people affected. The most common disease in MND spectrum is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We describe the case of an ALS-like syndrome in a HIV patient. This case report presents a 38 years old male from Peru with HIV who after 2 months of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) initiation was admitted to the hospital for spastic paraplegia. On his first admission, rapid plasma reagent (RPR) was positive and he was treated for neurosyphilis and discharged. Nevertheless, one month after, he was admitted for the second time because paraplegia persisted. Laboratory tests, electromyography and imaging were performed, and ALS was diagnosed. Normally, HIV treated patient with ALS tend to have a better prognosis, however this was not the case. In this case report, we discuss possible association between ALS and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients.

8.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru ; 38(3): 301-305, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30540737

RESUMO

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis. However, they have been recently associated with severe extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Among them, bacteremia in cirrhotic patients is noteworthy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with cirrhosis that developed septic shock, multiple organ failure and died four days after admission. Blood cultures yielded Gram-negative rods identified as Vibrio cholerae. Further serogrouping by slide agglutination and a negative PCR for ctxA gen confirmed the strain to be NOVC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in Peru, described in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, of NOVC bacteremia.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cólera/microbiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Vibrio cholerae O139/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Cólera/complicações , Cólera/epidemiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/etiologia , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/complicações , Peru/epidemiologia , Sorotipagem , Choque Séptico/etiologia
9.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 38(3): 301-309, jul.-set. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014100

RESUMO

Vibrio cholerae serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139 (VCNO) es causa infrecuente de gastroenteritis. Sin embargo, se le asocia a infección extra-intestinal severa en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y entre ellas, la bacteremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática es digna de mención. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una mujer de 58 años, con el diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática de fondo, que desarrolló progresivamente choque séptico, disfunción orgánica múltiple y desenlace fatal al cuarto día de su admisión. Los resultados obtenidos post mortem, de los hemocultivos previamente tomados, aislaron bacilos gram negativos compatibles con Vibrio cholerae. Posteriormente, se identificó el serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139, a través de aglutinación en placa y PCR negativo para el gen ctxA. El antibiograma mostró susceptibilidad conservada a ampicilina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina y ciprofloxacino, con resistencia al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. El presente caso, descrito en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, es hasta la fecha, el primer reporte de bacteremia VCNO en el Perú.


Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis. However, they have been recently associated with severe extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Among them, bacteremia in cirrhotic patients is noteworthy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with cirrhosis that developed septic shock, multiple organ failure and died four days after admission. Blood cultures yielded Gram-negative rods identified as Vibrio cholerae. Further serogrouping by slide agglutination and a negative PCR for ctxA gen confirmed the strain to be NOVC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in Peru, described in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, of NOVC bacteremia.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cólera/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae O139/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Peru/epidemiologia , Choque Séptico/etiologia , Sorotipagem , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/complicações , Cólera/complicações , Cólera/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Evolução Fatal , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/etiologia
10.
Acta méd. peru ; 27(2): 81-90, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-580155

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos confirmados de influenza A H1N1 en pacientes atendidos entre julio del 2009 y febrero del 2010 en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo - EsSALUD, Red Asistencial Lambayeque. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 212 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de influenza A H1N1. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos previamente estructurada y codificada, se revisaron las fichas clínicas epidemiológicas de cada uno de los pacientes, se realizó el análisis de datos a través de Excel. Resultados: Presencia de ligero predominio del sexo masculino; el 59% (125) son niños, (edad media:19,7 ± 18,9 años y una mediana de 12 años); el grupo entre 5 a 14 años fue el más afectado con 44% (92), seguido del grupo comprendido entre 15 a 44 años con 27,8% (59). En varones el mayor número de casos reportado correspondió alos grupos de edades 10 a 14 años (27 casos), seguido por 5 a 9 años (27 casos) y 0 a 4 años (15 casos), en el sexo masculino y en mujeres, 5 a 9 años (24 casos), seguido 10 a 14 años (14 casos) y 0 a 4 años(8 casos), en cuanto a procedencia alrededor del 45% refirieron como procedencia el distrito de Chiclayo, seguido por los distritos de Pomalca (9,9%), José Leonardo Ortiz (8,49%), La Victoria (4,72%). Los casos confirmados se concentran entre las 28 y 33 semanas epidemiológicas, habiendo semanas en las que no se registraron casos43, 44, 45, 48, 51 y 52. El 54,5% de casos confirmados ingresaron a través de consultorio externoUnidad de Influenza, 33,4% a través de emergencia, de ellos el 33,5% requirió hospitalización y el 1,4% fue a la UCI. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes encontrados fueron fiebre, tos, rinorrea, odinofagia y malestar general; estando los 3 primeros presentes en el 87,3% de los casos (84,4% en niños y 90,8% en adultos). Los casos fallecidos fueron 11 de ellos, 04 adultos jóvenes, que negaron comorbilidad.


Objective: To know the epidemiological and clinical features in confirmed cases of A H1N1 influenza in patients treated between July 2009 and February 2010 in Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital - ESSALUD, Lambayeque Healthcare Network. Material and method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed in 212 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of A H1N1influenza. We used a previously structured and coded data collection form, we reviewed clinical and epidemiological records of each patient, and data analysis was performed using Excel software. Results: Male subjects were slightly more frequently affected; 59% (125) of patients were children (mean age: 19.7 ± 18.9 years; median, 12 years), the age group between 5- to 14- years was most frequently affected with 44% (92), followed by the 15- to 44- years group (27.8%, 59 patients). In male patients, the highest number of reported cases was found in the 10- to 14- years age group (27 cases), followed by the 5- to 9- years group (27 cases) and the 0- to 4- years (15 cases); when combining male and female patients, the most frequently affected age groups were those patients 5- to 9- years old (24 cases), followed by subjects 10- to 14- years old (14 cases) and those 0- to 4- years old (08 cases). With respect to their living places, most cases (45%) came from Chiclayo District, followed by Pomalca (9.9%), José Leonardo Ortiz (8.49%), and La Victoria (4.72%) districts. Confirmed cases were concentrated between 28th and 33rd epidemiological weeks, and there were periods during which no cases were reported (epidemiological weeks 43, 44, 45, 48, 51 and 52). 54.5% of confirmed cases were admitted from an outpatient clinic called Unidad de Influenza, 33.4% came from the emergency service. One-third (33.5%) of the latter patients required hospitalization and 1.4% were admitted to the ICU.


Assuntos
Humanos , Perfil de Saúde , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Peru
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