3-year incidence and predictors of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia in the national FACE-SZ cohort.

AIMS: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major health epidemic of Western countries and patients with schizophrenia is a particularly vulnerable population due to lifestyle, mental illness and treatment factors. However, we lack prospective data to guide prevention. The aim of our study is then to determine MetS incidence and predictors in schizophrenia. METHOD: Participants were recruited in 10 expert centers at a national level and followed-up for 3 years. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Inverse probability weighting methods were used to correct for attrition bias. RESULTS: Among the 512 participants followed-up for 3 years, 77.9% had at least one metabolic disturbance. 27.5% were identified with MetS at baseline and excluded from the analyses. Among the rest of participants (N = 371, mean aged 31.2 (SD = 9.1) years, with mean illness duration of 10.0 (SD = 7.6) years and 273 (73.6%) men), MetS incidence was 20.8% at 3 years and raised to 23.6% in tobacco smokers, 29.4% in participants receiving antidepressant prescription at baseline and 42.0% for those with 2 disturbed metabolic disturbances at baseline. Our multivariate analyses confirmed tobacco smoking and antidepressant consumption as independent predictors of MetS onset (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 3.82 [1.27-11.45], p = 0.016, and aOR = 3.50 [1.26-9.70], p = 0.0158). Antidepressant prescription predicted more specifically increased lipid disturbances and paroxetine was associated with the highest risk of MetS onset. CONCLUSION: These results are an alarm call to prioritize MetS prevention and research in schizophrenia. We have listed interventions that should be actively promoted in clinical practice.

Alternatives to posterior complete crowns: integrating foundations with cuspal protection.

A common approach for restoring compromised posterior teeth is to reconstruct the missing anatomic crown with a dental restorative material and prepare the remaining tooth structure for an artificial veneer. Because this procedure is also compounded by designing subgingival finish lines for tooth preparations, a conservative approach for the fabrication of one-piece castings is suggested that incorporates both foundations and cuspal protection, with finish lines prepared above the gingival crest. Patient selection, advantages, disadvantages, and armamentarium are discussed.

Measurement of oxide adherence to silver-free high-palladium alloys.

The purpose of this study was to test the adherence strength of oxides to some silver-free high-palladium alloys, and to compare the results to values obtained from Au-Pd and Ni-Cr metals. The results showed that the adherence strengths of the oxides were greater than the reported cohesive strength of opaque porcelain. This would indicate that the oxides formed on the alloys examined in this study are sufficiently adherent to their substrates to produce adequate porcelain bonds.

Comparison of the effects of three sprue designs on the internal porosity in crowns cast with a silver-free high-palladium alloy.

This study tested the effect of bsprue design on internal porosity of a silver-frees high-palladium alloy. The designs evaluated consisted of: (1) a cylindrical sprue, (2) a cylindrical sprue with a reservoir, and (3) cylindrical sprue with a constriction at the point of attachment with the pattern. Ten identical complete crowns were made with each sprue design. The cast crowns were embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned, and polished. A total of six sites for each sample were analyzing computer. The mean amount of internal porosity from all analyzed sites for each sprue design was calculated as a percent site porosity per total site and differences between the experimental sites and groups tested. The analysis of variance found no significant differences among the sprues and no significant interaction, but determined a significant difference (p less than 0.05) among the sites analyzed. Tukey's studentized range test showed that the sprue contained a significantly greater percentage of porosity than any of the other sites analyzed.

A provisional and new crown to fit into a clasp of an existing removable partial denture.

A technique that forms an abutment crown to fit into an existing clasp of a removable partial denture by relining an acrylic resin pattern is described. The outer contour of the pattern is made within an irreversible hydrocolloid impression by use of Duralay autopolymerizing acrylic resin applied with precision dispensers. The pattern is formed before tooth preparation and is made approximately 0.4 mm thick. After tooth preparation, the shell pattern is relined with the same autopolymerizing resin and the existing removable partial denture is fitted over it. The gross pattern is trimmed and the margins refined on a die made from an elastomer impression. The refined pattern is cast and finished, avoiding reduction of the contours established. A second crown is similarly formed in tooth-colored autopolymerizing acrylic resin. It serves as a provisional restoration that allows the patient to wear the removable partial denture while the laboratory procedures are performed.

A provisional restoration technique for laminate veneer preparations.

A direct construction technique for laminate veneer provisional restorations uses autocuring acrylic resin and other available armamentarium to facilitate construction. Only a slight preparation modification of the tooth to be treated is necessary to retain the provisional prosthesis.

A general method for three-dimensional filter computation.

Application of the Fourier space deconvolution algorithm to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction problems necessitates the computation of a frequency space filter; which requires taking the 3D Fourier transform of the system response function. In this paper, it is shown that for system response functions of the specific form d(theta, phi)/r2, with d(theta, phi) an angular function describing the imaging system, the filter computation can always be reduced to a single integration which, in many cases, may be performed analytically. Complete expressions are derived for the general 3D filter, and two examples are given to illustrate the use of such expressions.

Filters for three-dimensional limited-angle tomography.

One approach to the three-dimensional, tomographic reconstruction of data from a planar dual-detector stationary positron camera necessitates frequency-space filtering of the image obtained from back-projection. It is therefore useful to have a closed-form expression for the appropriate filter, but the derivation is complicated by the fact that the camera measures only a limited angular range of projections. Nevertheless, suitable expressions can be obtained and are here derived for detectors of rectangular and circular cross-section.