[LOWER DIGESTIVE HEMORRHAGE IN ADULTS IN COTONOU FROM 2017 TO 2022: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC AND PROGNOSTIC ASPECTS]. / Les hémorragies digestives basses chez l'adulte à Cotonou de 2017 à 2022: aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques.

Introduction: L'objectif de ce travail était d'établir le profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et pronostique des hémorragies digestives basses (HDB) à Cotonou. Méthode: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective, descriptive sur une période de janvier 2017 à décembre 2022 dans deux unités d'endoscopies digestives à Cotonou. Elle avait porté sur les dossiers médicaux des patients admis pour HDB. Résultats: Au total 674 patients avaient été inclus, d'âge moyen 49,2 ± 2,5 ans, de sex-ratio à 2,0. L'hématochézie était le mode d'HDB le plus fréquent (94,4% ; n=636). La durée d'évolution des symptômes était inférieure à un mois chez la majorité des patients (50,6% ; n=365). L'HTA étaient l'antécédent le plus retrouvé (38,0% ; n=203). La majorité des patients avait réalisé l'endoscopie 48 h après leur première consultation (51,1% ; n=405). L'étiologie la plus fréquente était la maladie hémorroïdaire (35,9% ; n=621), suivie des polypes coliques (23,0% ; n=621). La ligature élastique était le moyen thérapeutique le plus utilisé dans les maladies hémorroïdaires (74,4% ; n=223) et la polypectomie endoscopique dans les cas de polypes (100% ; n=143). L'évolution était favorable dans la majorité des cas (90,0%; n=559) avec une récidive hémorragique dans 10,0% (n=56). La mortalité était de 2,7% (n=18). Conclusion: Les HDB sont fréquentes à Cotonou. Les moyens diagnostiques disponibles sont performants et la prise en charge est de bonne qualité dans les principaux centres de Cotonou. Mots clés: Hémorragies digestives basses, endoscopie, étiologies, Cotonou.

[Epidemiology of primitive digestive cancers in adult in three specialized health centers in Cotonou (Benin Republic)]. / Épidémiologie des cancers digestifs primitifs de l'adulte dans trois centres sanitaires spécialisés de Cotonou (République du Bénin).

Health research studies are increasingly focusing on digestive cancers because of their increasing frequency and severity. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological aspects of primary digestive cancers in adults in three hospital centers in the commune of Cotonou. A total of 676 cases of digestive cancers were identified out of 25,093 patients received during the study period (2.7%). The mean age was 54 ± 14.1 years: [16-96] and the sex ratio was 2:1. The most frequent cancers were those of the liver (259; 38.3%) and colon-rectum (154; 22.8%). The next most common cancers in descending order were gastric cancer (12%), esophageal cancer (11.4%), pancreatic cancer (11.4%), anal cancer (1.9%), hail cancer (1.5%) and biliary cancer (0.7%). The average time to visit was 9 months. The main risk factors found were viral hepatitis B and C, alcoholism, diabetes, obesity, colonic polyps, smoking, excessive consumption of salt and dietary nitrates. Lethality was 58.4%, with cancers of the liver, colon-rectum, pancreas, and esophagus in descending order of mortality. The average overall survival was 10 months. Digestive cancers most often affect people in their fifties, who are usually men in Cotonou. They are dominated by liver cancer and colorectal cancer. Modifiable risk factors are often found. The control of these factors and early diagnosis could help improve the survival of patients affected.

L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques des cancers digestifs primitifs chez l'adulte dans trois centres hospitaliers de la commune de Cotonou. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive et analytique, ayant comporté deux phases de recueil de données, l'une rétrospective sur neuf ans et l'autre prospective sur dix mois. Elle a porté sur les patients présentant un cancer digestif pris en charge dans trois centres hospitaliers de la commune de Cotonou au Bénin. Au total, 676 cas de cancers digestifs ont été répertoriés sur 25 093 patients reçus au cours de la période d'étude, soit 2,7 %. L'âge moyen était de 54 ± 14,1 ans : [16­96], et le sex-ratio était de 2:1. Les cancers les plus fréquents étaient ceux du foie (259 ; 38,3 %) et du côlon-rectum (154 ; 22,8 %). Venaient ensuite dans l'ordre décroissant le cancer gastrique (12 %), le cancer oesophagien (11,4 %), le cancer pancréatique (11,4 %), le cancer anal (1,9 %), le cancer grêlique (1,5 %) et le cancer biliaire (0,7 %). Le délai moyen de consultation était de neuf mois. Les principaux facteurs de risque trouvés étaient les hépatites virales B et C, l'alcoolisme, le diabète, l'obésité, les polypes coliques, le tabagisme, la consommation excessive de sel et nitrates alimentaires. La létalité était de 58,4 %, avec dans l'ordre décroissant de mortalité les cancers du foie, du côlonrectum, du pancréas et de l'oesophage. La moyenne de survie globale était de dix mois. Les cancers digestifs touchent le plus souvent des sujets de la cinquantaine, volontiers de sexe masculin à Cotonou. Ils sont dominés par le cancer du foie et le cancer colorectal. Des facteurs de risque modifiables sont souvent retrouvés. Le contrôle de ces facteurs et le diagnostic précoce pourraient contribuer à améliorer la survie des patients atteints.

[Cardiovascular risk evolution in patients treated for high blood pressure at the Armies Instruction's Hospital of Cotonou]. / Évolution du risque cardiovasculaire des patients traités pour HTA à l'hôpital d'instruction des armées de Cotonou.

UNLABELLED: This study was initiated to determine the progression of the cardiovascular risk (CR) in a 5-years period for those who went through high blood pressure treatment. It is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 9 years. Were included in that category, African patients treated in that period of time and who at least benefited from a 5-years medical care period. The total CR was calculated afterwards, for the needs for the study, using the tables of Framingham. All the data were collected after the first evaluation then brought up to date at the terms of 1, 3 and 5 years and with a last consultation for the patients whose medical care follow-up exceeded 5 years. For the 103 patients who had complete data, the average age was of 49.11±8 and the sex ratio of 2. Among them 14 (13.6%) died of cardiovascular complications. Among the 89 remaining patients, the CR at the beginning was very high in a proportion of 10.1%, high in 49.4%, moderated in 22.5% and weak in 18%. The general evolution is characterized by a stability of the proportion of the moderated CR (20 - 23%) and high CR (43 - 50%) but a very important increase in the proportion of the very high CR (10 to 21%) to the detriment of the weak CR (18 to 10%). The analysis of the individual evolution reveals an improvement of the CR among 19 patients (21.3%), its stability among 39 patients (43.8%) and a worsening among 31 patients (34.8%). These data are confirmed in a widened population of 321 patients of which the less complete data allow an estimate of the CR. CONCLUSION: The cardiovascular risk is difficult to evaluate. It is badly controlled in the long run.

Prevalence of xerosis, eczema, and hair and nail abnormalities in PLWHA in Cotonou, Benin.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this investigation was to study the prevalence of xerosis, eczema, and hair and nail abnormalities in PLWHA in Cotonou. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on the records of PLWHA in Cotonou. All PLWHA with xerosis, eczema, or abnormal appendages were included. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients had xerosis or eczema. Their mean age was 38 years; the sex ratio 0.51 and the mean CD4 count 89 cells/mm(3). Twenty-three patients had xerosis, which affected the whole body (n = 20), lower limb (n = 2), limbs and trunk (n = 1), without gender difference. Twenty-four patients had eczema of which eight had both eczema and xerosis. Forty-two patients had abnormalities of the hair or nails. Their sex ratio was 0.80 and the mean CD4 count 110 cells/mm(3) . Nineteen patients had abnormalities of the hair and scalp: straight hair (n = 16), squamous lesions (n = 2), and folliculitis abscess (n = 1) with a male predominance. Twenty-three patients had nail dermatophytosis (n = 15), candidiasis (n = 7), and ingrowing nails (n = 1). These conditions affected more often women (74%) than men (26%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of eczema and xerosis is low in our patients. Onychomycosis was the most frequent nail abnormality.

[Liver cirrhosis in Cotonou, Republic of Benin: clinical aspects and factors related to death]. / Cirrhose hépatique a Cotonou (République du Bénin): aspects cliniques et facteurs liés au décès.

UNLABELLED: Infection by hepatitis B virus is the main cause of liver cirrhosis in Africa. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and epidemiological features as well as factors related to death in cirrhosis patients admitted to the National University Hospital in Cotonou, Benin. METHODS: The files of patients admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2004 were reviewed. RESULTS: Out of the 230 useable files reviewed, a total of 52 involved patients were admitted for liver cirrhosis. The male/female sex ratio was 2.25 and mean age was 49 years. The proportion of unemployed and salaried patients was 42.3% and 28.8% respectively. Hepatitis B and alcohol consumption were the main etiological factors: 53.3% and 23.2% respectively. The main reasons for hospitalization were asthenia in 73% of cases, abdominal pain in 57%, and digestive bleeding in 21%. The revealing manifestations were ascitis (75%), jaundice (71.7%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (42.3%). Higher risk for in-hospital death (42.3%) was correlated with male gender, salaried employment, and presentation with jaundice, ascitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of death during hospitalization was higher for patients who were of male gender, working as salaried employees and admitted for the first time with jaundice, ascitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: A program for mass vaccination of children against hepatitis B virus is needed to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A campaign against alcohol abuse could reduce cirrhosis due to alcohol consumption.

[Mucocutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Cotonou, Benin]. / Manifestations cutanéo-muqueuses des personnes vivant avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine à Cotonou, Bénin.

The purpose of this study was to describe mucocutaneous manifestations observed in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Cotonou, Benin. A transverse retrospective study was carried out on the records of PLHIV who underwent follow-up at the Military Teaching Hospital in Cotonou from February 2002 to September 2005. The files of all eligible adult patients examined by dermatologists prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment were reviewed. Dermatologic manifestations were defined as any cutaneous or cicatricial lesion of the skin. Data was analyzed using the EPI INFO software package. (version 6.0). A total of 152 patient files were included. The sex ratio was 1.10 with a female predominance. Mean age was 37.8 years. HIV1 was predominant (98%). Two-thirds of patients were as stage 3 according to the WHO classification. A total of 276 dermatologic manifestations were identified. The most common manifestations were buccopharyngeal candidiasis (24.6%), prurigo (20.6%), shingles (11.6%), and dermatophytosis (10.5%). The mean CD4 lymphocyte level was 106 cells/mm3. The CD4 level was below 100 cells/mm3 in 52% of cases involving candidiasis and 60% of cases involving prurigo. Dermatologic findings in this study were identical to those described in most studies from Africa and Asia. However the low prevalence of Koposi's sarcoma and seborrheic dermitits was surprising given the advanced stage of immunodepression in our patients. The most frequent mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection in Benin are infectious disease and prurigo.

[Clinical and immunological profile of HIV infected patients in Cotonou, Benin]. / Profil clinique et immunologique des patients infectés par le VIH dépistés à Cotonou, Bénin.

OBJECTIVES: This study had for aim to identify the clinical status and the level of immuno-deficiency of HIV-infected patients on their first visit. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six HIV+ patients were prospectively evaluated from November 1, 2001 to May 31, 2002. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four were infected with HIV1 and two with HIV2. The mean age on the first consultation was 37 +/- 2 years. The m/w sex ratio was 0.9. 46.3% were stage C. The main clinical symptoms were: weight loss (88%), fever (80%), cough (71%), diarrhea (51%). BMI was normal in 70% and KI > or =80% in 57% of the cases but immuno-deficiency was severe with CD4 cells count <200 per mm3 in 69%. The main diseases were digestive candidiasis (53%), pneumonia (18%), tuberculosis (12%), non-determined pneumonia (29%), prurigo (20%), zona (16%), cryptosporidiosis (4%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (3%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (1%).