Effect of combined physical exercise on inflammatory markers and the relationship with body composition in young women.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined physical exercise of moderate intensity on inflammatory markers, as well as its relationship with body composition in young women recently admitted to a Public Institution of Higher Education. METHODS: Longitudinal, intervention study, in which 59 female participants aged 18-25 years were evaluated before and after a combined physical exercise program for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention for analysis of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index and body composition was evaluated by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry before and after the intervention. Statistical analyzes performed were t-test, Willcoxon test and Spearman's correlation. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee and the Free and Informed Consent Form was signed by all participants. RESULTS: After the intervention, there was a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF and IL-12), while the anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and CRP did not change; reduction in the total body gynoid fat mass and in the percentage of body fat; increased trunk and total muscle mass. Body composition was negatively correlated with the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6 and positively correlated with CRP. CONCLUSIONS: Combined physical exercise for eight weeks acted to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, fat mass and increase in muscle mass. Inflammatory markers correlated with body fat before the intervention, suggesting the participation of visceral adipose tissue in the release of these markers in female university students.

Cytokines and body adiposity in young female undergraduate students.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to identify cytokines and to associate them with several indexes of total and central adiposity in young female undergraduate students. Methods: 58 young female sophomore students, aged 18 to 25 years, from a Brazilian public university were evaluated. Both anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference) and body composition were assessed through DXA, and the values of android, gynoid and truncal fat mass were obtained. Cytokines (IL-8, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α) were analyzed, and Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Conicity Index (CCI), Waist-Hip Index (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Fat Mass Distribution Index 1 (FMI1) and Fat Mass Distribution Index 2 (FMI2) were calculated. Eventually, a linear regression was carried out to determine the regression coefficient and confidence interval (CI), having the predictor variables (cytokines) adjusted according to age and family history of obesity. The statistical significance of α = 5% was applied. Results: a correlation between adiposity indexes and cytokines (CCI, WHR and IL-12; CCI, WHR, FMI1, FMI2 and TNF-α) was identified. When it comes to the regression models, cytokines increase was related to CCI, WHR, FMI1 and FMI2 increase. Conclusion: pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with an increase in adipose indexes. Therefore, these indexes became a feasible strategy for clinical practice in order to identify propensity to inflammatory disorders.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: identificar citoquinas y asociarlas con los distintos índices de adiposidad total y central en estudiantes universitarias jóvenes. Métodos: se evaluaron 58 jóvenes estudiantes, de 18 a 25 años de edad, de segundo curso de carrera de una universidad pública brasileña. Se analizaron mediante densitometría (DEXA) tanto las medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, perímetro de la cintura y perímetro de la cadera) como la composición corporal, obteniéndose los valores de masa grasa androide, ginoide y troncal. Se analizaron las citoquinas (IL-8, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 y TNF-α) y se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), el índice de adiposidad visceral (IAV), el índice de conicidad (CCI), el índice cintura-cadera (WHR), la ratio cintura-talla (WHtR), el índice de distribución de la masa grasa 1 (FMI1) y el índice de distribución de la masa grasa 2 (FMI2). Finalmente se realizó una regresión lineal para determinar el coeficiente de regresión y el intervalo de confianza (IC), ajustando las variables predictivas (citoquinas) a la edad y los antecedentes familiares de obesidad. Se aplicó una significación estadística de α = 5%. Resultados: se detectó una correlación entre índices adiposos y citoquinas (CCI, WHR e IL-12; CCI, WHR, FMI1, FMI2 and TNF-α). Conforme a los modelos de regresión, el aumento de las citoquinas se relacionó con el aumento de CCI, WHR, FMI1 y FMI2. Conclusión: las citoquinas proinflamatorias se asociaron al aumento de los índices adiposos. Por tanto, los índices se convierten en una estrategia factible para detectar la propensión hacia los trastornos inflamatorios en la práctica clínica.