Plp1-expresssing perineuronal DRG cells facilitate colonic and somatic chronic mechanical pain involving Piezo2 upregulation in DRG neurons.

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are activated in a variety of chronic pain conditions; however, their mediation roles in pain remain elusive. Here, we take advantage of proteolipid protein (PLP)/creERT-driven recombination in the periphery mainly occurring in SGCs of DRGs to assess the role of SGCs in the regulation of chronic mechanical hypersensitivity and pain-like responses in two organs, the distal colon and hindpaw, to test generality. We show that PLP/creERT-driven hM3Dq activation increases, and PLP/creERT-driven TrkB.T1 deletion attenuates, colon and hindpaw chronic mechanical hypersensitivity, positively associating with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in DRGs and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Activation of Plp1+ DRG cells also increases the number of small DRG neurons expressing Piezo2 and acquiring mechanosensitivity and leads to peripheral organ neurogenic inflammation. These findings unravel a role and mechanism of Plp1+ cells, mainly SGCs, in the facilitation of chronic mechanical pain and suggest therapeutic targets for pain mitigation.

Exploring professional theories, models, and frameworks for justice-oriented constructs: a scoping review / Explorando teorias, modelos e estruturas profissionais para construções orientadas para a justiça: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Introduction The role of systemic marginalization in negatively impacting the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations is well-established. Although the profession has begun to address the impact of colonialism in clinical and educational contexts, these topics are less represented in the underpinning theories, models, and frameworks that guide research, practice, and education. Objective To identify and analyze peer-reviewed journal articles about professional theories, models, and frameworks describing justice-oriented constructs. Method We searched for journal articles published between 1971 and 2021 as indexed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. We used the Levac et al. methodology and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews extension (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI Scoping Review Network. Included articles featured theories, models, frameworks that described justice-oriented constructs. Results Forty-five articles published from 1987 to 2021 met inclusion criteria. These included 19 models, 19 frameworks, five theories, and two paradigms. The majority of articles originated in Canada, the United States, and Australia and within the past 20 years. The most commonly described constructs were inclusion, culture, and occupational justice. Conclusion This scoping review provides an overview of publications describing theories, models, and frameworks in occupational therapy literature that include justice-oriented constructs. Although justice-oriented constructs were the central topic in 35 articles, the context was not explicitly connected to professional activity. Only seven articles discussed research, which reveals a major concern considering its foundational role in the profession.

Resumo Introdução O papel da marginalização sistémica no impacto negativo na saúde e no bem-estar dos indivíduos e das populações está bem estabelecido. Embora a profissão tenha começado a abordar o impacto do colonialismo em contextos clínicos e educacionais, estes tópicos estão menos representados nas teorias, modelos e enquadramentos subjacentes que orientam a investigação, a prática e a educação. Objetivo Identificar e analisar artigos de periódicos revisados ​​por pares sobre teorias, modelos e estruturas profissionais que descrevem construtos orientados para a justiça. Método Pesquisamos artigos de periódicos publicados entre 1971 e 2021 indexados em PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL e Web of Science. Usamos o Levac et al. metodologia e seguiumos a extensão Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses para extensão Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) e a JBI Scoping Review Network. Os artigos incluídos apresentavam teorias, modelos e estruturas que descreviam construções orientadas para a justiça. Resultados Quarenta e cinco artigos publicados de 1987 a 2021 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Estes incluíram 19 modelos, 19 estruturas, cinco teorias e dois paradigmas. A maioria dos artigos teve origem no Canadá, nos Estados Unidos e na Austrália nos últimos 20 anos. Os construtos mais comumente descritos foram inclusão, cultura e justiça ocupacional. Conclusão Esta revisão de escopo fornece uma visão geral das publicações que descrevem teorias, modelos e estruturas na literatura de terapia ocupacional que incluem construtos orientados para a justiça. Embora os construtos orientados para a justiça tenham sido o tema central em 35 artigos, o contexto não estava explicitamente ligado à atividade profissional. Apenas sete artigos discutiram a pesquisa, o que revela uma grande preocupação considerando o seu papel fundacional na profissão.

Leadership Development of Women of Color in Occupational Therapy: A Qualitative Intersectional Analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Women of color hold social positions and group member identification in occupational therapy that differ from those of White majority women. Their experience with leadership acquisition warrants exploration of the complex social processes that shape their professional trajectory. OBJECTIVE: To understand which intersecting patterns of social identity categories have shaped the leadership development of women of color leaders in occupational therapy in the United States and how they do so. DESIGN: This study followed a qualitative multilevel intersectional approach. SETTING: Multiregional interviews were conducted by means of virtual technology. PARTICIPANTS: Eight English-speaking women, self-identified as a leader and a woman of color living in the United States, were recruited by means of purposive, snowball sampling of women of color in leadership positions in occupational therapy. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: An eight-step multilevel intersectional data analysis of participants' narratives was used to identify emergent intersecting patterns of social identity categories in their leadership development. RESULTS: Participants' predominant intersecting patterns converged into four themes: (1) early leadership development does not happen without access to opportunities, (2) sponsorship and mentorship have implications beyond one's leadership development, (3) being seen is essential for leadership development, and (4) persevering is a constant state of struggle. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Leadership development for women of color in occupational therapy thrives at the intersection of scholarship, mentorship, and authentic inclusion. What This Article Adds: The study expands leadership inquiry in occupational therapy to include the perspectives of women of color and to better understand the patterns of social identity categories in leadership achievement. Positionality Statement: The term women of color is a political designation coined in the 1970s by women in the minority to define solidarity with other oppressed women (Zavella, 2022). The term women of color is used to achieve a unified political voice to seek gender equality for women who feel unsupported by White feminist ideology (Zavella, 2022). Moreover, it describes multicultural and multiethnic solidarity among women who sit outside the structures of power and privilege and experience life at the intersection of gender and race. Thus, women of color include Black, Latinx, Asian, Pacific Islander, mixed-race women, and Native American women, including American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian women (McKinsey & Company, 2022).

Transforming Occupational Therapy for the 21st Century PAIRE: Recognize Privilege, Acknowledge Injustice, and Reframe Perspective to Reach Equity.

Theories, models, and frameworks provide the foundation for occupational therapy education, research, and clinical practice. While most have a systems approach focus, other factors, such as societal influences and structural inequities, also contribute to health. Using a cross-sectional design, this study identified the gaps in occupational therapy models of practice and presents a novel approach, the PAIRE (Recognize Privilege, Acknowledge Injustice, and Reframe Perspective to Reach Equity) Model. PAIRE is focused on achieving occupational equity through the reciprocal and intersectional impact of the provider/team, the person/people seeking occupational therapy, and the occupation-in-context, with continuous influences of access, context, and justice. We describe the components of PAIRE and illustrate its functionality in education, research, and clinical practice contexts as well as case examples.

Piezo2 regulates colonic mechanical sensitivity in a sex specific manner in mice.

The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 in mucosa and primary afferents transduces colonic mechanical sensation. Here we show that chemogenetic activation or nociceptor-targeted deletion of Piezo2 is sufficient to regulate colonic mechanical sensitivity in a sex dependent manner. Clozapine N-oxide-induced activation of Piezo2;hM3Dq-expressing sensory neurons evokes colonic hypersensitivity in male mice, and causes dyspnea in female mice likely due to effects on lung sensory neurons. Activation of Piezo2-expressing colonic afferent neurons also induces colonic hypersensitivity in male but not female mice. Piezo2 levels in nociceptive neurons are higher in female than in male mice. We also show that Piezo2 conditional deletion from nociceptive neurons increases body weight growth, slows colonic transits, and reduces colonic mechanosensing in female but not male mice. Piezo2 deletion blocks colonic hypersensitivity in male but not female mice. These results suggest that Piezo2 in nociceptive neurons mediates innocuous colonic mechanosensing in female mice and painful sensation in male mice, suggesting a sexual dimorphism of Piezo2 function in the colonic sensory system.

Holistic Admissions: Strategies for Increasing Student Diversity in Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Physician Assistant Studies Programs.

To meet the healthcare needs of diverse populations, universities must implement strategies to recruit health professions students who are racially, ethnically, and culturally similar to the communities they serve. One strategy to increase diversity in the health professions is to implement a holistic admissions process. Inspired by the successful use of holistic admission practices in the College of Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and physician assistant studies programs implemented holistic reviews in their admissions processes. Although each program developed a different strategy, all were successful in increasing the percentage of diverse students in their respective programs. This paper describes the holistic admissions practices and outcomes and other lessons learned in the effort to achieve our goal of greater student diversity. These lessons included the need to increase the total number of applicants using centralized application services, develop mentoring programs to assist applicants with navigating the requirements for our programs and the admissions process, and provide more scholarship opportunities.

The saga of JAK2 mutations and translocations in hematologic disorders: pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic prospects, and revised World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms.

JAK2 is a tyrosine kinase involved in cytokine signaling. The JAK2V617F point mutation, first described in 2005, results in constitutive activation of JAK2 and is now widely used as a diagnostic marker for Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. In recent years, more novel JAK2 mutations and fusion genes have been discovered in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other hematologic malignancies. This review aims to summarize the discovery and use of the JAK2V617F point mutation, other novel JAK2 mutations, and JAK2 translocations in diagnosing myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoid leukemia. JAK2 mutation testing is addressed, including the sensitivity and specificity of the different JAK2 mutation testing methods, clinical indications for use, and the use of quantitative JAK2 mutation testing for routine pathologic diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy. The relationship of JAK2 mutation to endogenous erythroid colony formation, thrombopoietin receptor mutation, polycythemia rubra vera-1 overexpression, and thrombopoietin receptor underexpression in myeloproliferative neoplasms are explored. Also discussed are the JAK2 inhibitors for clinical trials. Finally, the advantages of the newly proposed World Health Organization classification for myeloproliferative neoplasms are reviewed.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal cavity with an interstitial insertion between chromosomes 6 and 19.

Chondromyxoid fibroma is an uncommon benign cartilaginous tumor that rarely presents in the sino-nasal region as a locally destructive, erosive lesion. Both clinically and histologically, it is a difficult diagnosis and can be confused with malignant processes such as myxoid chondrosarcoma. Histology of the tumor, especially with a small sample, can be challenging because of its heterogeneous nature showing an admixture of fibrous, myxoid, and chondroid areas. We are reporting unique cytogenetic findings in a case of chondromyxoid fibroma involving the floor of the nasal cavity with a clonal rearrangement between chromosomes 6 and 19. To our knowledge, karyotypes of 14 cases are reported in literature, with 11 cases reporting nonrandom, clonal abnormalities of chromosome 6. These results illustrate the distinctive nature of this tumor and may help identify genes involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor.

Moderate hypoxia suppresses exercise-induced procoagulant changes.

Hypoxia has been implicated as a stimulant of coagulation. As exertion is known to affect haemostasis, we sought to control for this by using a standardized protocol. Subjects were exercised both at room air and at 12% oxygen. Exercise produced an increase in procoagulant factors, which was reduced with hypoxic exercise. Room air exercise increased fibrinolytic markers. Hypoxic exercise did not affect the increase in tissue plasminogen activator, but decreased the increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. Thus, it appears that hypoxia may exert an antithrombotic effect by both damping exercise-induced procoagulant changes and stimulating fibrinolysis.