Actinic cheilitis in rural workers: prevalence and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis in rural workers and factors associated with the development of this condition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examination and use of a questionnaire validated with 300 rural workers. The χ2 test was employed to identify possible associations between the presence of actinic cheilitis and clinical and demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise selection. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 12.0% in the sample. The highest prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed in white males, with low educational level, and an approximately 40-year history of sun exposure. Chronic lesions were commonly found in the lower lip and were characterized by scaling, dryness, and mild edema. Skin color, sex, educational level of patients, and cumulative sun exposure (in years), were identified as predictors of development of actinic cheilitis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the need to implement educational health strategies aimed to orient the population about risk factors and preventive measures of the disease. Appropriate clinical management of patients with actinic cheilitis is important for prevention of lip cancer.

Assessment of surface water quality of the bois river (Goiás, Brazil) using an integrated physicochemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological approach.

The data on water pollution is scarce in developing countries, including Brazil. The water quality assessment is important implementing the monitoring and remediation programs to minimize the risk of hazardous substances in freshwaters. Thus, this study evaluated the surface water quality of a stretch of the Bois River (Brazil), based on the physicochemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological analyses conducted in 2017, using Standard Methods and fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results indicated that the quality of water samples located close to the discharge of tannery effluents was most impaired. Total phosphorus, BOD, DO, ammoniacal nitrogen, and thermotolerant coliforms parameters in P4 were not in accordance with the standards of current Brazilian legislation. Iron, lead, and copper levels were higher than environmental standards. The physicochemical quality of water samples was lower in the dry season than the rainy season. All samples (P1, P3, and P5) in rainy and dry seasons did not induce significant acute toxicity for zebrafish early-life stage; however other trophic levels (algae and microcrustacean) should be investigated to gain a better understanding of the toxicity during water quality analysis. In conclusion, the physicochemical and microbiological changes in the water of the Bois River can affect aquatic organisms as well as humans when it is used for drinking or in agriculture.

Sex and age differences in mortality trends of gastric cancer among Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean.

Background: An up-to-date analysis of gastric cancer mortality among Hispanic/Latino populations is required for estimating disease burden and assessing the effectiveness of clinical and preventive strategies. Methods: We retrieved gastric cancer deaths between 1997 and 2017 (as available) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (United States Hispanics) and the World Health Organization databases (Puerto Rico, 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR; per 100 000 person-years) and calculate average annual percent changes (AAPCs) by country (or territory), age group (25-49 and ≥50 years), and sex. Trends were compared to assess slope parallelism. Findings: In 2017, Chile (31·8), Colombia (24·3) and Costa Rica (24·3) had the highest ASMR of gastric cancer for men, while Guatemala (17·2), Peru (13·5), and Costa Rica (13·3) had the highest ASMR for women. Small-to-moderate mortality declines (AAPCs ranged -4 to -0.5%) were observed between 1997 and 2017. In almost all countries, trends decreased among individuals aged ≥50 years. However, age-specific trends were not parallel (p-values <0.05) in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela for both men and women, and in five additional countries for only women; with a few countries showing stable or slightly increasing trends for individuals aged 25-49 years. Interpretation: Overall gastric cancer mortality rates in Hispanics/Latinos declined in the last two decades. However, there was a notable variation in trends by country, sex, and age group. Continued and targeted prevention efforts are needed to reduce the disease burden in these vulnerable populations. Funding: Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Peru, and National Cancer Institute, United States.

Actinic cheilitis in rural workers: prevalence and associated factors

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis in rural workers and factors associated with the development of this condition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examination and use of a questionnaire validated with 300 rural workers. The χ2 test was employed to identify possible associations between the presence of actinic cheilitis and clinical and demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise selection. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 12.0% in the sample. The highest prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed in white males, with low educational level, and an approximately 40-year history of sun exposure. Chronic lesions were commonly found in the lower lip and were characterized by scaling, dryness, and mild edema. Skin color, sex, educational level of patients, and cumulative sun exposure (in years), were identified as predictors of development of actinic cheilitis. Conclusion Our results suggest the need to implement educational health strategies aimed to orient the population about risk factors and preventive measures of the disease. Appropriate clinical management of patients with actinic cheilitis is important for prevention of lip cancer.

Eversion Endarterectomy of the External Iliac Artery in Treating Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in TASC II C and D Iliofemoral Occlusive Disease.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment of iliofemoral occlusive disease is a challenging approach, especially for TransAtlantic Inter-Society C and D lesions. Therefore, the revascularization procedure in such situations is preferably performed by bypass graft surgery with synthetic materials. The purpose of this study is to report the feasibility and mid-term results of eversion endarterectomy of the external iliac artery (EEEIA), as an alternative autologous option. METHODS: Retrospective study with 18 EEEIA performed between September 2015 and February 2020, exclusively for chronic limb-threatening ischemia treatment in patients with increased risk of postoperative surgical infection and inadvisable for endovascular treatment. Demographic, clinical variables and outcomes were collected from a prospective database. The main end points are: amputation-free survival (AFS) and 30-day mortality. Secondary end points include: primary patency (PP), cumulative patency (CP), overall survival (OS), and postoperative surgical complication. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate cumulative time of outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 ± 8.3 years, with predominance of men. The median follow-up period was 1012 days, 95% confidence interval [119, 1365] days. Most had Rutherford 5 (n = 13, 72.2%) and mean ankle brachial index was 0.38 ± 0.22. The PP, CP, AFS, and OS in 730 days were 81%, 92%, 80%, and 88%, respectively. There was no 30-day mortality or postoperative surgical infection. CONCLUSIONS: Iliofemoral reconstruction through EEEIA is an effective surgical procedure with good patency rates, AFS and OS. In addition, it can be considered an useful and safe option, especially in cases in which a prosthesis should be avoided.

Netnografia e a pesquisa científica na internet / Netnography and scientific research on the internet / Netnografía e investigación científica en Internet / Netnographie et recherche scientifique sur Internet

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo fomentar a discussão sobre a realização de pesquisas acadêmicas em ambientes on-line e, especialmente, em locais que soam como inadequados para a construção de um saber científico. Tendo como suporte metodológico a Netnografia e a descrição de um percurso metodológico que utilizou exclusivamente o Facebook como lócus de produção de dados, o que se conclui é que a possibilidade de invenção metodológica é, inegavelmente, um dos legados da internet para as pesquisas científicas - processo criativo que não pode excluir o rigor, a condução ética e a fidedignidade, características tão caras e imprescindíveis ao método de construção do conhecimento científico, mas que ainda impõem muitos desafios que precisam ser superados.

Abstract This article discusses the conduct of academic research in online environments, especially in places that apparently sound inadequate for the construction of scientific knowledge. Based on Netnography and on the description of a methodological trajectory that exclusively used Facebook as a locus of data production, we conclude that the possibility of methodological invention is undeniably one of the legacies of the internet for scientific research. It is a creative process that cannot exclude rigor, ethical conduct and reliability, characteristics that are so expensive and indispensable to the method of building scientific knowledge, but which still imposes many challenges that need to be overcome.

Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo fomentar el debate sobre la realización de investigaciones académicas en línea, especialmente en lugares donde aparentemente suenan inadecuados para la construcción del conocimiento científico. Se utilizó como marco metodológico la Netnografía y se hizo la descripción de un camino metodológico que utilizó exclusivamente Facebook como lugar de producción de datos; se concluye que la posibilidad de la invención metodológica es sin duda uno de los legados de Internet para la investigación científica, proceso creativo que no puede excluir el rigor, la conducta ética y la fiabilidad, características que son tan costosas e indispensables para el método de construcción del conocimiento científico, pero que aún imponen muchos desafíos que deben ser superados.

Résumé Cet article vise à promouvoir la discussion sur la recherche académique dans les environnements numérique et en particulier dans les endroits qui semblent inadéquats à la construction de la connaissance scientifique. Ayant comme support méthodologique la Netnographie et la description d'un parcours méthodologique qui utilisait exclusivement le Facebook comme lieu de production de données, on conclut que la possibilité d'invention méthodologique est indéniablement l'un des héritages de l'Internet pour la recherche scientifique. Un processus créatif qui ne peut exclure la rigueur, la conduite éthique et la fiabilité, caractéristiques si important et indispensables à la méthode de construction de la connaissance scientifique, mais qui impose encore de nombreux défis à relever.

A spot test for total esters determination in sugarcane spirits exploiting smartphone-based digital images.

Cachaça is an alcoholic beverage produced from sugarcane, whose flavor and taste are related to the esters content, usually expressed as equivalent to ethyl acetate. The official method for the determination of specific esters in cachaça is based on gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, whereas a volumetric procedure is recommended for determining the total content. Because of the high analytical demand, faster and more practical analytical procedures are required for quality control of the product. The aim of this work was to develop a spot test exploiting smartphone-based digital images for in situ determination of total esters in cachaça. The procedure was based on the reaction of the analytes with hydroxylamine, generating the corresponding hydroxamate ions, which form violet complexes with Fe(iii) in an acidic medium. Digital images were acquired under controlled illumination and converted to RGB values using the PhotoMetrix® 1.8 application. The values of channel B were taken as the analytical response because of the complementarity with the color of the reaction product. A linear response was obtained within 100-500 mg L-1 ethyl acetate, with the coefficient of variation (n = 10) and limit of detection (99.7% confidence level) estimated at 1.1% and 30 mg L-1 ethyl acetate, respectively. The procedure consumes only 1.4 mg NH2OH·HCl and 115 µg Fe(iii) and generates only 900 µL of waste per determination. The results of the proposed procedure agreed with those obtained by the reference volumetric method at the 95% confidence level.

Multi-energy calibration to circumvent matrix effects in the determination of biodiesel quality parameters by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel, which consists of a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters obtained by the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Due to the diversity of raw materials used in its production, the biofuel can show significant differences in its physicochemical properties, which causes severe matrix effects in biodiesel analysis. In this work, a calibration strategy recently proposed for atomic spectrometry, named multi-energy calibration (MEC), was evaluated as a tool to circumvent matrix effects in molecular spectrometry. The strategy yielded more accurate results in the spectrophotometric determination of the iodine value and free glycerol in biodiesel produced from different raw materials (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP, values of 6.0 and 8.0, respectively), than both external standard calibration (EC, RMSEP as high as 45.6) and the standard additions method (SAM, RMSEP as high as 25.3). Moreover, results agreed with those obtained by the reference procedures at the 95% confidence level, which was not observed for EC (free glycerol determination) and SAM (iodine value determination). Coefficients of variation (n = 8) and limits of detection (99.7% confidence level) were, respectively, estimated at 1.7% and 5 g I2/100 g iodine value and 3.0% and 10 mg kg-1 free glycerol in biodiesel, which are comparable to or better than those achieved using previously proposed procedures. Thus, MEC is a viable alternative for biodiesel quality control, with outstanding minimization of matrix effects, simplicity, practicality, and environmental friendliness.

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos de um cluster de febre maculosa brasileira, ocorrido no município de Americana, São Paulo, Brasil, 2018 / Clinical and epidemiological aspects of a cluster of brazilian spotted fever, which occurred in the city of Americana, São Paulo, Brazil, 2018

Objetivos: descrever os principais aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e epidemiológicos relacionados à ocorrência de um cluster de febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) na cidade de Americana/SP, em 2018. Métodos: realizou-se uma análise descritiva baseada na revisão das informações constantes nos registros do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação ­ SINAN e nos relatórios de investigações epidemiológicas obtidos junto ao banco de dados da Unidade de Vigilância em Saúde Municipal. Resultados: esse cluster ocorreu em um fragmento de mata ciliar situado na confluência dos rios Atibaia e Jaguari, entre os dias 21/4/2018 e 31/5/2018. Durante esse período, ocorreram 15 casos positivos de FMB, com registro de 11 óbitos, atingindo uma taxa de letalidade de 73%. O sexo masculino representou 93% dos pacientes, e a faixa etária mais afetada foi a de indivíduos acima dos 30 anos (67%), seguindo-se o percentual de 13% para as faixas de 1 a 4 e 5 a 9 anos, e 7% para pessoas de 20 a 29 anos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram febre (100%); cefaléia (80%) e mialgia (73,33%). Conclusão: foi possível delinear o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos a serem alcançados nas campanhas de educação em saúde, com enfoque para medidas preventivas visando à redução de frequência nas áreas de risco para parasitismo humano por carrapatos vetores da FMB.

Objective: describe the main clinical, laboratory and epidemiological aspects related to the occurrence of a cluster of brazilian spotted fever (FMB) in the city of Americana/SP, in 2018. Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed based on the review of the information contained in the records of the Notification Disease Information System (SINAN) and in the reports of epidemiological investigation obtained from the Municipal Health Surveillance Unit database. Results: This cluster occurred in a riparian forest fragment located at the confluence of the Atibaia and Jaguari rivers, between 04/21/2018 and 05/31/2018. During this period there were 15 positive cases of BSF, with a record of 11 deaths, reaching a lethality rate of 73%. Males represented 93% of the patients and the most affected age group was that of individuals over 30 years old (67%), followed by 13% for the age groups 01 to 04 and 05 to 09 years old, and 7 % for people from 20 to 29 years old. The main clinical signs observed were fever (100,00%); headache (80,00%) and myalgia (73,33%). Conclusion: It was possible to outline an epidemiological profile of individuals to be reached in health education campaigns, with a focus on preventive measures aimed at reducing frequency in areas at risk for human parasitism by BSF vector ticks.

Entre as amizades perfeitas e virtuais, o sujeito adolescente / Among the perfect and virtuous friendships, or adolescent subject / Parmi les amitiés parfaites et vertueuses, ou sujet adolescent

Sustentado na articulação contemporânea entre amizade e virtualidade, evidenciada por meio da apropriação pelo Facebook do termo amigo para se referir ao usuário que possui uma conta em seu website, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas mudanças ocorridas na forma de iniciar, manter e romper relações de amizade criadas ou potencializadas pelas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), bem como demonstrar o papel basilar da figura adolescente propriamente dita e/ou de seus ideais na introdução e propagação dessas transformações na medida em que ele se torna o representante do sujeito contemporâneo às voltas com o laço social. A Netnografia foi utilizada como ferramenta metodológica para chegar às comunidades do Facebook que fizeram parte do corpus empírico e que foram analisadas com o suporte teórico da Psicanálise e das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Esse percurso teórico-empírico revelou que as relações amicais atuais estão passando por processos de mudança na medida em que os laços sociais sob o discurso da perfeição estão perdendo espaço para as amizades virtualizadas calcadas na liberdade, representada de forma máxima na figura adolescente. Tais mudanças são vivenciadas pelo "sujeito adolescente contemporâneo", mesmo que cronologicamente não pertença a essa faixa etária.

Sustained on the contemporary articulation among friendship and virtuality, evidenced through the appropriation of Facebook of the term friend referring to the user who has an account in its website, this article aims to present some of the changes that occurred in the shape of initiating, maintaining and breaking up friendship relations created or potentialized by the new information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as showing the foundation role of the actual figure of the adolescent and/or his ideals on the introduction and propagation of these transformations as far as he becomes the individual's representative in the return to the social bond. Netnography was used as Methodological tool to get to fakebook's communities which have been part of the Psychoanalysis and Social and Human Sciences. This theoretical and empirical path revealed that the current friendship relations are experiencing a changing process as the social bounds under the perfection speech, are losing their space to the virtualized friendships based on liberty, represented in a maximal way on the adolescent figure. Such changes are experienced by the "contemporary adolescent individual", even not chronologically belonging to this age range.

Soutenu dans l'articulation de relation contemporaine entre l'amitié et la virtualité, comme en témoigne l'appropriation par Facebook, le terme "ami", pour se référer à l'utilisateur qui possède un compte sur leur site web, cet article vise à présenter quelques changements dans la façon de démarrer, maintenir et rompre les relations qui sont créés ou potentialisées par de nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), ainsi que de démontrer le rôle fondamental de la figure d'adolescent elle-même et / ou ses idéaux dans l'introduction et la propagation de ces changements, dans la mesure où ce rôle devient le représentant du sujet contemporain, en rapport avec le lien social. La Netnographie a été utilisé comme un outil méthodologique pour atteindre les communautés Facebook qui faisaient partie du corpus empirique, et qui ont été analysées, avec le soutien théorique de la Psychanalyse et les Sciences Humaines. Ce parcours théorique et empirique a révélé que les relations amicales actuelles sont en train de passer par un processus de changement, dans la mesure où les liens sociaux, sous le discours de la perfection, sont en train de perdre du terrain par rapport aux amitiés virtualisés, basées sur la liberté, représentées au maximum, par la figure des adolescents. Tels changements sont expérimentés par "le sujet adolescent contemporain" même si chronologiquement il n'appartient pas à ce groupe d'âge.

Digital rectal examination and its associated factors in the early detection of prostate cancer: a cross-sectional population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is one of the most common strategies for prostate cancer early detection. However, the use for screening purposes has a controversial benefit and potential harms can occur due to false-positive results, overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence and identify factors associated with the receipt of DRE in Brazilian men. METHODS: We selected men older than 40 from a nationwide population-based survey (13,625 individuals) excluding those with prostate cancer diagnosis. Information was extracted from the most recent database of the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013). Statistical analysis was carried out to calculate incidence rate ratios, with 95% confidence intervals and p values, through multivariate analysis with Poisson regression and robust variance. RESULTS: Men having private health insurance (63.3%; CI = 60.5-66.0) presented higher prevalence of DRE than those in the public health system (41.6%; CI = 39.8-43.4). The results show a positive association between DRE and men having private health insurance, aged 60-69, living with a spouse, never smokers, and living in urban areas. Among public health services users, this positive association was observed among men aged 70-79, living with a spouse, having bad/very bad health self-perception, abstainers, ex-smokers, with undergraduate studies, presenting four or more comorbidities, and residing in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer screening with DRE is quite frequent in Brazil, specially among men with private health plans and better access to health services, healthier lifestyle and at more advanced ages, characteristics which increase the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Testicular Cancer mortality in Brazil: trends and predictions until 2030.

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that testicular cancer presents good prognosis, wide variations in mortality rates have been reported internationally. In Brazil, mortality trends and estimates have not been fully assessed. The objective of the study presented herein is to analyze the mortality trends for testicular cancer in Brazil in the period 2001-2015 and calculate mortality predictions for the period 2016-2030. METHODS: This is a population-based ecological study that utilized information of the Mortality Information System, on testicular cancer-related deaths in Brazil. Mortality trends were analyzed by Joinpoint regression, and Nordpred was utilized for the calculation of predictions. RESULTS: The mortality rate for men, standardized to the world population, varied between 0.36/100,000 for the year 2001, to 0.41/100,000 for the year 2015. There was an increasing trend for Brazil (APC = 1.3% CI95% 0.6; 2.0) and the Southeast region (APC = 1.5% CI95%0.2; 2.7). When analyzing Brazilian data for the period 2016-2030, predictions indicate 2888 deaths due to testicular cancer, which corresponds to a 26.6% change when compared to the 2011-2015 period. This change is mostly explained by an increase in the risk of death (14.2%) when compared with modifications in the demographic structure (12.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Testicular cancer mortality in Brazil presents increasing trends, and until 2030 these rates continue to increase.

Alternative iliofemoral revascularization in extensive aortoiliac occlusive disease.

Over recent decades, there has been a considerable increase in use of endovascular methods to treat aortoiliac occlusive disease. It has been demonstrated that this approach offers many benefits, primarily for non-complex arterial lesions of the iliac axis, but difficulties persist with achieving adequate results over the medium and long term when treating extensive occlusive disease. Arterial bypasses to alternative vicarious arteries of the femoral-genicular complex for limb salvage are well known in the literature describing cases that are not favorable for conventional or endovascular surgery. We describe the case of a patient with extensive aortoiliac occlusive disease treated with an arterial bypass in the iliofemoral territory, using an alternative autologous substitute and the descending lateral femoral artery as recipient artery. Alternative bypasses and substitutes that are normally reserved for exceptional cases can and should be part of the vascular therapeutic arsenal and have a contribution to make in cases in which endovascular surgery does not yet enable us to achieve good results.

A simple and low-cost approach for microdistillation: Application to methanol determination in biodiesel exploiting smartphone-based digital images.

Although usual in analytical chemistry, separations of volatile analytes by distillation are time-consuming, whereas gas diffusion through membranes is characterized by low efficiency. These limitations directly hinder sample throughput and sensitivity. In this work, a simple and inexpensive approach is proposed for separation of volatile analytes by microdistillation. It consists of an eppendorf type tube containing the acceptor solution suspended inside a 50 mL Falcon® capped tube containing the sample. The bottom of the sample tube is submitted to controlled heating in a water bath to promote analyte volatilization to the headspace, thus favoring its collection into the acceptor solution. The efficiency of the approach was evaluated by determination of methanol in biodiesel, whose threshold limit is 0.2% (m/m) according the current legislation. Measurements were based on discoloration of an acidic potassium permanganate solution (750 µL), caused by oxidation of methanol with consequent reduction to Mn(II). The analytical measurements were based on intensity of the reflected radiation acquired as digital images by the camera of a smartphone under controlled lighting. Values of the G channel were used as analytical parameter because of the complementarity with the color of the potassium permanganate solution. Under heating at 70 °C for 40 min, the transference of methanol to the acceptor solution was estimated at (98 ±â€¯3)%. A linear response was achieved within 0.025% and 0.200% (m/m) methanol, with coefficient of variation (n = 10) and limit of detection (99.7% confidence level) estimated at 3.7% and 0.009% (m/m) respectively. The procedure requires only 100 µg of potassium permanganate and 200 µL of sample and generates as low as 950 µL of residue per determination. Because of the selectivity provided by microdistillation, the results obtained by the proposed approach agreed with the reference procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed approach is a simple, efficient, and cost-effective alternative for separation and determination of volatile species.

A novel spot test based on digital images for determination of methanol in biodiesel.

Methanol is used in transesterification reaction for biodiesel production, being an important quality parameter to evaluate the purity of the final product. Methanol concentrations higher than 0.20% (m/m) reduce the biofuel efficiency. The Brazilian, United States, and European standards recommend the reference method based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, which involves a time-consuming procedure and requires high-cost equipment. In this work, it is proposed a simple and low cost spot test based on digital images acquired with a smartphone camera for the determination of methanol in biodiesel. The procedure was based on the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and subsequent reaction with Schiff reagent, resulting in a violet product. Analytical signals were based on the reflected radiation measured on the G channel (RGB system), which refers to the complementary color of the reaction product. Linear responses were obtained within 20-500 mg kg-1 and 500-2000 mg kg-1 methanol for 600 and 150 µL of sample aqueous extracts, respectively. The coefficient of variation (n = 10) and the limit of detection (99.7% confidence level) were estimated as 4.8% and 10 mg kg-1 (600 µL of sample), respectively. The procedure requires only 75 µg of potassium permanganate, 6 mg of oxalic acid, and 1.5 mg of p-rosaniline and generates ca. 1.2 mL of residue per determination. The results agreed with those obtained by the reference procedure at the 95% confidence level, demonstrating that the proposed method is an alternative for routine analysis of the biofuel.

Prevalência e fatores associados aos exames de detecção precoce para câncer de próstata e câncer de mama na população brasileira / Prevalence and factors associated with early detection tests for prostate cancer and breast cancer in the Brazilian population

O câncer de próstata e de mama se constituem em desafios para a saúde pública mundial, e o seu rastreamento para a detecção precoce possui vantagens e desvantagens. No sentido de garantir benefícios superiores ao possíveis danos e malefícios atrelados ao rastreamento, suas práticas, tanto no serviço púbico quanto no setor privado de saúde, devem estar orientadas pela evidência científica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização do exame digital retal (EDR) em homens brasileiros com idade superior a 40 anos, e à realização de mamografias na população feminina de 18-39 anos. Foi utilizado a base de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), Brasil, 2013. Para tabulação e análise estatística foi usado o software Stata® 14 verificando as Razões de Prevalência com respectivos Intervalos de Confiança de 95% e valores de p, através de análise multivariada com regressão de Poisson. Os usuários de planos de saúde privado (63,3%; IC=60,5-66,0) apresentaram maior prevalência na realização do EDR do que os do sistema público de saúde (41,6%; IC=39,8- 43,4). Os resultados apresentaram associação positiva para o EDR em homens com planos privados com idade entre 60-69 anos, que vivem com cônjuges, que nunca fumaram, e domiciliados em zonas urbanas. Para os homens usuários do serviço de saúde público essa associação positiva com o EDR se deu para a faixa etária de 70-79 anos, que vivem com cônjuges, que possuem autopercepção de saúde ruim/ muito ruim, que não bebem, ex-fumantes, com nível universitário, que apresentam 4 ou mais comorbidades, e domiciliados em zonas urbanas. Ainda para esse grupo houve associação negativa da realização do EDR para homens que moram na região Norte do país. Os resultados para a realização de mamografia na população feminina mostraram que a prevalência do exame foi de 11.6% (IC 95%-10.7-12.5), com maior realização para a faixa etária de 30-39 (18.6%). Após análise multivariada, observou-se associação positiva estatisticamente significativa para mulheres com planos de saúde privado, das regiões Sul e Sudeste (regiões com melhor nível socioeconômico), de maior escolaridade, e ainda com a realização do exame citopatológico do colo de útero. Mulheres com idade entre 18-39 anos, baixo risco de câncer de mama, estão realizando mamografias e há uma associação disso com o maior e melhor acesso aos cuidados médicos e aos serviços. Os achados apontam para diferença nos modos de atuação da prática médica vigente nos dois tipos de serviço de saúde no país, e ainda diferenças estruturais que condicionam o acesso a estes exames de diagnósticos (AU).

Screening for the early detection of cancer, a challenge to global public health, has advantages and disadvantages in its realization, and its practices, both in the public service and in the private health sector, should be guided by scientific evidence in an attempt to ensure advantages over possible damage and harnesses. The present study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with digital rectal examination (DRE) in Brazilian men over 40 years old, and mammographies in the female population aged 18-39 years. We used the National Health Survey (NHS) database, Brazil, 2013. For statistical tabulation and analysis, Stata® 14 software was used to verify the Prevalence Ratios with their 95% Confidence Intervals and p values through multivariate analysis with Poisson regression. The users of private health plans (63.3%, CI = 60.5-66.0) had a higher prevalence in the implementation of EDR than in the public health system (41.6%, CI = 39.8% 43.4). The results showed a positive association for DRE in men with private plans aged 60-69 who live with spouses, who never smoked, and domiciled in urban areas. For men who use the public health service, this positive association with DRE occurred in the age group of 70-79 years, living with spouses who have poor / very poor selfperception, who do not drink, former smokers, with university level, who have 4 or more comorbidities, and domiciled in urban areas. Also for this group there was a negative association of the RDS for men living in the northern region of the country. The results for mammography in the female population showed that the prevalence of the test was 11.6% (95% CI -10.7-12.5), with a higher prevalence for the 30-39 age group (18.6%). After multivariate analysis, a statistically significant positive association was observed for women with private health plans, from the South and Southeast regions, with higher schooling, and with the cervical cytopathology exam. Women aged 18-39 years, at low risk of breast cancer, are undergoing mammograms and there is an association with increased access to medical care and services.The findings point to differences in the modes of action of the current medical practice in the two types of health service in the country, and structural differences that condition access to these diagnostic exams (AU).

Geração, família e juventude na era virtual / Generation, family and youth in the virtual age / Generación, familia y juventud en la era virtual

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) desencadearam mudanças nas relações pessoais e familiares. Nesse contexto digital, podemos dividir seus participantes em nativos e imigrantes digitais. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a influência da virtualidade no relacionamento entre pais e filhos jovens, considerando os aspectos geracionais dessa relação, com base em revisão da literatura sobre geração, adolescência/juventude e virtualidade, e fragmentos de entrevistas realizadas com jovens entre 15 e 24 anos e seus pais. Diversos impasses e desafios são percebidos na relação parento-filial. Há muito a ser percorrido pelos membros dos dois grupos para que os canais de sociabilidade, com a mediação das TIC entre eles, não fiquem fragilizados. A percepção de que a presença das TIC no cotidiano das famílias pode gerar dissociação e não sociabilidade parece ser o maior desafio a ser superado, particularmente para os pais.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) triggered changes in personal and family relationships. In this digital context, we can divide participants into digital natives and immigrants. The objective of this article is to discuss influence of virtuality in the relationship between parents and young children, considering the generational aspects of this relationship, based on a review of literature on generation, adolescence/youth and virtuality and parts of interviews carried out with young between aged from 15 to 24 years old and their parents. Various conflicts and challenges are perceived in parent-child relationship. There is much to be done by members of the two groups so that the channels of sociability, with mediation of ICT between them, are not weakened. The perception that the presence of ICT in daily life of families can generate dissociation and not sociability seems to be the greatest challenge to be overwhelmed, particularly for parents.

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) desencadenaron una serie de cambios en las relaciones personales y familiares. En este contexto digital, podemos dividir sus participantes en nativos e inmigrantes digitales. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir la influencia de virtualidad en la relación entre padres e hijos jóvenes, considerando los aspectos generacionales de esta relación, a partir de revisión de literatura sobre generación, adolescencia/ juventud y virtualidad y fragmentos de entrevistas realizadas con jóvenes de 15 a 24 años y sus padres. Varios obstáculos y desafíos se perciben en la relación parento-filial. Hay mucho que hacer por los miembros de los dos grupos para que los canales de sociabilidad, con mediación de las TIC entre ellos, no se debiliten. La percepción de que la presencia de las TIC en la vida cotidiana de las familias puede generar disociación y no sociabilidad parece ser el mayor reto a superar, especialmente para los padres

A flow-based procedure exploiting the lab-in-syringe approach for the determination of ester content in biodiesel and diesel/biodiesel blends.

The ester content is an important parameter to be monitored in biodiesel for evaluation of the transesterification reaction yield and for assessing the purity of the final product. This is also a relevant quality parameter in diesel/biodiesel blends to avoid frauds, because legislation establishes a minimum amount of biodiesel to be added to diesel. The official method EN14103 requires the addition of an alternative internal standard (methyl nonadecanoate) for analysis of biodiesel from bovine tallow because the methyl heptadecanoate is found in high amounts in this product. In this work, it is proposed a fast, simple, practical, and environmental friendly flow-based spectrophotometric procedure, which exploits the formation of the violet complex between Fe(III) and the hydroxamate generated by the reactions of the alkyl esters with hydroxylamine. All involved steps are carried out inside the syringe pump of a sequential injection analyzer (lab-in-syringe approach). A single phase is attained by using ethanol as mediator solvent between the organic sample and aqueous soluble reagents. Linear responses for biodiesel samples and diesel/biodiesel blends were obtained from 4-99%(v/v) to 2.0-40%(v/v) methyl esters, described by the equations: A = 0.342 + 0.00305C (r = 0.997) and A = 0.174 + 0.00503C (r = 0.999), respectively. The analytical curve can be obtained by in-line dilution of a methyl linoleate stock solution. For biodiesel samples, the coefficient of variation (n = 10), limit of detection (99.7% confidence level), and sampling rate were estimated at 0.8%, 0.36%(v/v), and 15h-1, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the blend samples were 0.20%, 0.03%(v/v), and 12h-1, respectively. The procedure consumes only 860µg of hydroxylamine, 366µg of Fe2(SO4)3·H2O, and 2.0mL ethanol and generates ca. 3.0mL of residue per determination. The results agreed with those obtained by official methods EN14103/2011 e EN14078, at the 95% confidence level.

As perdas dentárias sob a ótica do idoso / The dental losses under the point of view of the aged one

Compreender a temática das perdas dentárias, investigando as representações sociais no cotidiano de sujeitos da terceira idade. Teste da Evocação Livre de Palavras com o estímulo indutor "perdas dentárias", sendo solicitada a evocação de 03 palavras, questionário para caracterização sócio-econômica e odontológica. A amostra composta de 120 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior à sessenta anos, participantes do Grupo "Conviver para Melhor Viver" da Unidade Básica de Saúde de Felipe Camarão e da Unati (Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade). A análise dos dados foi realizada pelos softwares Evoc 2000, SPSS 10.0, Graph Pad Instat. O núcleo central das representações sociais das perdas dentárias para o grupo Conviver emergiu a aprtir das categorias dificuldade de comer, observando relação entre necessidade fisiológica, desejo e prazer em alimentar-se. A dor foi evocada no sentido de justificar as perdas dentárias. Para o grupo da Unati emergiram as categorias dificuldade sócio-econômica demonstrando uma estreita relação entre oa pobreza, o acesso à saúde e à educação e estética, confirmando no discurso do senso comum a associação entre a perda dentária e o envelhecimento. Pudemos revelar a realidade na perspectiva dos sujeitos sociais, contemplando as múltiplas facetas da realidade sócio-cultural vivenciada.

Tratamento de balanopostite com pimecrolimus creme a 1% / The treatment of balanitis with pimecrolimus cream 1%

Balanopostite é o processo inflamatório que acomete glande e prepúcio, caracterizando-se por eritema, edema, "rash", prurido, disúria, sangramento, erosão, ulceração da glande e presença de exsudato subprepucial. Apresentamos um caso de balanopostite tratado com pimecrolimus creme a 1% após terapia convencional sem sucesso.