Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students' smartphone addiction. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Chinese Short version (SAS-CSV) among Chinese college students. METHODS: The SAS-SV was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The SAS-CSV was completed by 557 Chinese college students (sample 1: n = 279; sample 2: n = 278). 62 college students were randomly selected from the 557 Chinese college students to be meas- ured twice, with an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and the validity of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. RESULTS: The SAS-CSV presented good content validity, high internal consistency (sample 1: α = 0.829; sample 2: α = 0.881), and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.975; 95% CI: 0.966-0.985). After one exploratory factor analysis, three components (tolerance, withdrawal, and negative effect) with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, and the cumulative variance contribution was 50.995%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all the fit indexes reached the standard of good model fit (χ2/df = 1.883, RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.954, RFI = 0.935, IFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.978). The SAS-CSV presented good convergent validity for the factor loading of all the items ranged from 0.626 to 0.892 (higher than 0.50), the three latent variables' AVE ranged from 0.524 to 0.637 (higher than 0.50), and the three latent variables' CR ranged from 0.813 to 0.838 (higher than 0.70). Moreover, the square roots of the AVE of component 1 (tolerance), component 2 (withdrawal) and component 3 (negative effect) were 0.724, 0.778, and 0.798, respectively, higher than they were with other correlation coefficients, indicating that the SAS-CSV had good discrimination validity. CONCLUSION: The SAS-CSV is a valid instrument for measuring smartphone addiction among Chinese college students.

T4 reduces cisplatin resistance by inhibiting AEG-1 gene expression in lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer is the most malignant form of cancer and has the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to drug resistance, the current chemotherapy for lung cancer is not effective and has poor therapeutic effects. Tripchlorolide (T4), a natural extract from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has powerful immunosuppressive and antitumour effects and may become a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of T4 on reducing chemoresistance in lung cancer cells and to explore the mechanism. 1. A549 and A549/DDP cells were separately transfected with AEG-1 overexpression and AEG-1 knockdown plasmids. A549/DDP cells were divided into the A549/DDP empty group, T4 group, and T4 + AEG-1 overexpression group. A CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of cells in each group. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of AEG-1 and MDR-1. Expression of AEG-1 in A549 and A549/DDP cells was positively correlated with cisplatin resistance. When the AEG-1 protein was overexpressed in A549 cells, the lethal effect of cisplatin on A549 cells was attenuated (all P < 0.05). After the AEG-1 protein was knocked down in A549/DDP cells, cisplatin was applied. The lethal effect was significantly increased compared to that in the corresponding control cells (all P < 0.05). AEG-1 protein expression gradually decreased with increasing T4 concentration in A549 and A549/DDP cells. Resistance to cisplatin was reduced after the addition of T4 to A549/DDP cells (P < 0.05), and this effect was enhanced after transfection with the AEG-1 knockdown plasmid. T4 plays an important role in increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin.

Effect of SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 Axis on Acute Pancreatitis through Inhibiting p38MAPK Pathway.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. A growing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in AP progression. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 11(SNHG11) and its underlying molecular mechanisms behind AP progression. The in vivo and in vitro AP cell models were established by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate and caerulein stimulation into AR42J cells and HPDE6-C7 cells, respectively. A bioinformatics website predicted the relationship between SNHG11, miR-7-5p, and Phospholipase C Beta 1(PLCB1) and validated it with a dual-luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. AR42J cells and HPDE6-C7 cells were transfected with an overexpression of plasmids or shRNA to investigate the effects of the SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis on cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and acute pancreatitis. Low expression of SNHG11 and PLCB1 and high expression of miR-7-5p were observed in AP pancreatic tissue and AP cell models. SNHG11 overexpression inhibited apoptosis and inflammatory responses induced by caerulein. Simultaneously, we discovered that SNHG11 regulates PLCB1 expression by sponging miR-7-5p. PLCB1 overexpression abrogated inflammatory damage exacerbated by miR-7-5p enrichment. In addition, the SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis could be involved in caerulein-induced inflammatory injury by participating in the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The overexpressed SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis can inhibit AP progression by participating in the p38MAPK signaling pathway, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target and therapeutic direction for AP therapy.

Prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety after coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As the most important component of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to psychological factors such as anxiety. Anxiety, whether present before or after the onset of illness, can lead to many serious consequences. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of and potential risk factors for anxiety after coronary heart disease (post-CHD anxiety). METHOD: Systematic searches were performed in electronic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Technology Journal database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline. RESULT: Thirteen studies were included. With regard to cross-sectional studies, the prevalence of post-CHD anxiety was P = .37, 95% CI (0.26-0.49). The overall analysis among cohort studies revealed that the prevalence of post-CHD anxiety was P = .50, 95% CI (0.05-0.95). Among the 11 potential risk factors, low education level [OR = 1.46, 95% CI (1.05-2.02)] and long duration of disease [OR = 2.05, 95% CI (1.05-4.00)] were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is high heterogeneity between studies and many defects; thus, further research is required to support these results. Attention should be paid to post-CHD anxiety, and clinical caring should include psychological counselling and imparting disease-related knowledge to patients with a long disease duration and low educational background.

Tripchlorolide induces autophagy in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and improves cisplatin sensitivity in A549/DDP cells.

Tripchlorolide (T4) has been shown to induce A549 lung cancer cell death predominantly by activating an autophagy pathway. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that compared with T4 treatment alone, pretreatment with wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), perifosine (an inhibitor of AKT) or rapamycin (an inhibitor of mTOR) combined with a subsequent T4 treatment significantly impaired the cell viability of A549 and A549/DDP lung cancer cells. We found that either treatment scheme markedly reduced the activity of P13K and AKT. Expression of LC3II increased in parallel to the increase of the T4 concentration in both A549 and A549/DDP cells and was repressed by overexpression of AKT. The expression levels of PI3-K, PI3-P, AKT, TSC2, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were minimally affected by the wortmannin, perifosine, or rapamycin plus T4 treatments, but their phosphorylated products were greatly affected in A549 lung cancer cells and slightly affected in A549/DDP lung cancer cells. These results indicate that T4 induces autophagy in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. We further found that T4 decreased expression of MDR1 and improved cisplatin sensitivity of A549/DDP cells. Altogether, these results have meaningful implications for tumor therapy in the future.

CONSORT in China: past development and future direction.

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement was published in 1996, and first introduced to China in 2001. Although CONSORT has been widely accepted in high-quality international journals, we still need to have more investigation on how many Chinese journals have adopted the CONSORT Statement, and whether the quality of reporting has improved. A systematic search of the "Instructions to authors" in all Chinese medical journals in China Academic Journals (CAJ) Full-text Database was conducted up to February 2012 and only 7 journals officially listed the requirements of the CONSORT Statement. The research articles about randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010 from journals which had specifically adopted the CONSORT Statement, and from 30 top journals based on the Chinese Science Citation Index (CSCI) 2011 as the control group, were identified. The quality of both cohorts of articles was assessed using the revised CONSORT Checklist and Jadad scale. A total of 1221 Chinese medical journals was identified. Only seven journals stated clearly in the "Instructions to authors" that authors should adopt the CONSORT requirement in the clinical trial paper. None of these journals is among the control group in the CSCI 2011. In the selected years, a total of 171 articles from 7 journals which had adopted CONSORT and 232 articles in the control were identified as including RCT trials. The average scores according to the revised CONSORT Checklist were 29.47 for the CONSORT-adopting journals and 25.57 for the control group; while the average scores based on the Jadad scale were 2.53 for CONSORT-adopting journals and 1.97 for the control group. Few journals among Chinese medical journals have adopted the CONSORT Statement. The overall quality of RCT reports in the 7 journals which have adopted CONSORT was better than those in the top 30 journals which have not adopted CONSORT. The quality of RCT reports in Chinese journals needs further improvement, and the CONSORT Statement could be a very helpful guideline.