RESUMO
Investigation of cultures of the basidiomycete Favolaschia minutissima TBRC-BCC 19434 led to the isolation of two undescribed ß-methoxyacrylate metabolites, 9-methoxystrobilurins R (1) and S (2), and a degraded aldehyde derivative, favodehyde E (3). 9-Methoxystrobilurin derivatives 1 and 2 exhibited significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multidrug-resistant strain) with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.21 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Plasmodium falciparum , Estrobilurinas , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antimaláricos/isolamento & purificação , Antimaláricos/química , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrobilurinas/farmacologia , Estrobilurinas/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Basidiomycota/química , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Acrilatos/farmacologia , Acrilatos/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Dry dipterocarp forests are among the most common habitat types in Thailand. Russulaceae are known as common ectomycorrhizal symbionts of Dipterocarpaceae trees in this type of habitat. The present study aims to identify collections of Russula subsection Amoeninae Buyck from dry dipterocarp forests in Thailand. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed Thai Amoeninae collections in two novel lineages, and they are described here as R. bellissima sp. nov. and R. luteonana sp. nov. The closest identified relatives of both species were sequestrate species suggesting that they may belong to drought-adapted lineages. An analysis of publicly available ITS sequences in R. subsect. Amoeninae did not confirm evidence of any of the new species occurring in other Asian regions, indicating that dry dipterocarp forests might harbor a novel community of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Macromorphological characters are variable and are not totally reliable for distinguishing the new species from other previously described Asian Amoeninae species. Both new species are defined by a combination of differentiated micromorphological characteristics in spore ornamentation, hymenial cystidia and hyphal terminations in the pileipellis. The new Amoeninae species may correspond to some Russula species collected for consumption in Thailand, and the detailed description of the new species can be used for better identification of edible species and food safety in the region.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/genética , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Dipterocarpaceae/genética , Filogenia , Basidiomycota/classificação , DNA Fúngico/genética , Dipterocarpaceae/classificação , Ecossistema , Florestas , Micorrizas/classificação , Micorrizas/genética , Tailândia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The wood-rot basidiomycete Ganoderma colossus has been chemically investigated. Comparative analyses of the natural fruiting body, artificially cultivated fruiting bodies, and mycelial cultures resulted in the isolation, in total, of 13 new highly modified lanostanes, ganocolossusins A-H (1-8) and ganodermalactones T-X (9-13), together with 23 known compounds (14-36). There were significant overlaps of the same compounds among the three different states of the fungal materials. Ganocolossusin D (4) displayed the most potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multi-drug-resistant strain) with an IC50 value of 2.4 µM, while it was noncytotoxic to Vero cells at 50 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Carpóforos/química , Micélio/química , Polyporaceae/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Madeira/microbiologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13 , Estrutura Molecular , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Sixteen previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpenoids (1-16), together with fourteen known compounds, were isolated from cultivated fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Ganoderma casuarinicola, a recently described species. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data. Two of these compounds, 9 and 10, showed antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 9.7 and 9.2 µg/ml, respectively.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Ganoderma/química , Lanosterol/farmacologia , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antimaláricos/química , Antimaláricos/metabolismo , Antituberculosos/química , Antituberculosos/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Carpóforos/química , Carpóforos/metabolismo , Ganoderma/metabolismo , Lanosterol/análogos & derivados , Lanosterol/química , Lanosterol/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Conformação Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/metabolismo , Células Vero , Madeira/química , Madeira/metabolismoRESUMO
Thirty-one highly modified lanostanes (1-31), together with 19 known compounds (32-50), were isolated from fruiting bodies of the wood-rot basidiomycete Tomophagus sp. The structures were elucidated by analyses of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The present work demonstrates the high structural diversity of modified lanostane triterpenoids from Tomophagus. This paper also discusses structural revisions of several known derivatives. Some of the isolated compounds exhibited moderate antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (IC50 5.1-19 µM).
