Metabolism and disposition of lesinurad, a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in humans.

The objectives of this study were to determine the absolute bioavailability of lesinurad and to characterized its disposition in humans. The oral bioavailability assessment was performed using a clinical design of simultaneous dosing of a therapeutic oral dose of lesinurad with an intravenous infusion of [14C]lesinurad microdose. The bioavailability of lesinurad was determined to be 100%. The disposition of lesinurad in humans involves hepatic oxidation and renal elimination following administration of oral [14C]lesinurad dose. Metabolism of lesinurad occurred post-systemically with low circulating levels of metabolites <3% of total radioactivity as 74.2% of total radioactivity was attributed to lesinurad. In vitro metabolism studies identified CYP2C9 as the predominant isoform, and summation of metabolites indicated that it was responsible for ∼50% of metabolism.

Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Lesinurad, a New Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, and Commonly Used Drugs for Gout Treatment.

Lesinurad is a novel selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor approved for treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs). Open-label pharmacokinetic studies were performed in volunteers or subjects with hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥ 8 mg/dL) to investigate interactions of lesinurad (with and without concurrent XOIs) with colchicine and 2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: naproxen and indomethacin. Colchicine studies included consecutive 7-day treatment periods of (1) allopurinol 300 mg, allopurinol 300 mg plus lesinurad 400 or 600 mg, and continued lesinurad 400 or 600 mg; or (2) febuxostat 40 or 80 mg, febuxostat 40 or 80 mg plus lesinurad 400 mg, and continued febuxostat 40 or 80 mg plus lesinurad 600 mg. Naproxen and indomethacin studies included lesinurad 400 mg on day 1, naproxen 250 mg twice daily or indomethacin 25 mg twice daily on days 2-6, and lesinurad 400 mg plus continued naproxen or indomethacin on days 7-13 and the morning of day 14. Lesinurad did not alter the pharmacokinetics of naproxen and modestly altered exposure to colchicine (AUC decrease of ≤ 25%) and indomethacin (AUC increase of ∼35%). Indomethacin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lesinurad, whereas naproxen modestly decreased the Cmax of lesinurad by ∼27%.

Supratherapeutic dose evaluation and effect of lesinurad on cardiac repolarization: a thorough QT/QTc study.

INTRODUCTION: Lesinurad is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor approved in the United States and Europe for treatment of gout in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. A maximum tolerated dose study was conducted to determine the lesinurad supratherapeutic dose, followed by a thorough QTc study to characterize the effect of lesinurad on cardiac repolarization. METHODS: The maximum tolerated dose study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study that enrolled 35 healthy men and women. Lesinurad plasma exposure (maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve) was determined at doses of 800 mg, 1,200 mg, and 1,600 mg. The thorough QTc study was a double-blind, four-period, placebo-controlled crossover study with 54 healthy men and women who received single doses of lesinurad 1,600 mg (supratherapeutic dose), lesinurad 400 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and placebo in randomized sequence. Digital 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded at eleven time points over 24 hours in each treatment period. QT intervals were corrected for heart rate using an individual-specific correction factor (QTcI). RESULTS: The upper bound of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for time-matched, placebo-subtracted, baseline-adjusted QTcI intervals (ΔΔQTcI) was <10 ms for both the lesinurad 400 mg and 1,600 mg doses. ΔΔQTcI was independent of lesinurad concentrations. No QTcI thresholds >480 ms or QTcI increases >30 ms were observed. Moxifloxacin mean QTcI intervals were >5 ms, and the lower bounds of the 90% confidence interval were >5 ms at 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours, confirming assay sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Lesinurad, at supratherapeutic doses, does not have a significant effect on the QT interval in healthy male or female subjects.

Divided or kissing nevus of the penis.

The divided or kissing nevus is an unusual congenital melanocytic nevus. By definition, these nevi appear on skin that separates during embryological development. These lesions have been reported on the eyelids, fingers, and rarely the penis. We describe an 18 year old uncircumcised male who presented with an asymptomatic darkly pigmented patch on the glans penis. He reported that the lesion had appeared recently and was enlarging. Physical examination revealed a second symmetric lesion on the adjacent foreskin. Punch biopsy of the lesion on the glans penis showed abundant intradermal melanocytes devoid of mitoses and atypia, consistent with an intradermal melanocytic nevus. Based on the benign histologic nature and clinical exam, the lesion was diagnosed as a divided or kissing nevus of the penis. Proposed treatments include excision and grafting as well as Nd:YAG laser therapy. However, these patients may be safely monitored with regular follow-up skin examinations because there is minimal risk of malignant transformation.

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis in two full-term infants.

We describe two full-term infants who presented with congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) and compare their clinical presentation and outcome with that of neonatal candidiasis and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Although candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in up to one-third of pregnancies, CCC is uncommon and can be confused with more-serious pustular disorders that present in neonates. Greater awareness of CCC is essential to make an early diagnosis and distinguish it from other infections.