RESUMO
We present a compact mechanically robust thermal conductivity measurement apparatus for measurements at low temperatures (<1 K) and high magnetic fields on small high-purity single crystal samples. A high-conductivity copper box is used to enclose the sample and all the components. The box provides protection for the thermometers, heater, and most importantly the sample increasing the portability of the mount. In addition to physical protection, the copper box is also effective at shielding radio frequency electromagnetic interference and thermal radiation, which is essential for low temperature measurements. A printed circuit board in conjunction with a braided ribbon cable is used to organize the delicate wiring and provide mechanical robustness.
RESUMO
Thermal transport measurements have been made on the spin-ice material Ho(2)Ti(2)O(7) in an applied magnetic field with both the heat current and the field parallel to the [111] direction for temperatures from 50 mK to 1.2 K. A large magnetic field >6 T is applied to suppress the magnetic contribution to the thermal conductivity in order to extract the lattice conductivity. The low field thermal conductivity thus reveals a magnetic field dependent contribution to the conductivity which both transfers heat and scatters phonons. We interpret these magnetic excitations as monopolelike excitations and describe their behavior via existing Debye-Hückel theory.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , Bloqueio Cardíaco/congênito , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/congênito , Adulto , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Feminino , Bloqueio Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The authors have developed a technique of thoracoscopic closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) that significantly reduces the surgical morbidity, recovery time, and hospital costs traditionally associated with the standard open procedure. Ten patients have undergone the procedure, with nine completed successfully. One patient required conversion to an open thoracotomy. There were no operative complications, and closure of the ductus was confirmed in all cases with a postoperative echocardiogram. Eight of ten patients were discharged in under 24 hours, and hospital charges were on the average 30% to 40% less.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Endoscopia , Toracoscopia , Pré-Escolar , Análise Custo-Benefício , Cuidados Críticos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia , Endoscopia/economia , Endoscopia/métodos , Seguimentos , Preços Hospitalares , Custos Hospitalares , Humanos , Lactente , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Tempo de Internação , Alta do Paciente , Taxa de Sobrevida , Toracoscopia/economia , Toracoscopia/métodos , Toracotomia/economia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Low doses of inhaled nitric oxide caused selective and sustained pulmonary vasodilation in an infant with pulmonary hypertension without causing systemic hypotension, despite the failure of treatment with other vasodilators.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Artéria Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração por Inalação , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Óxido Nítrico/administração & dosagem , Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is an inhibitory reflex that originates from the heart, is mediated by the vagus nerve, and is manifested by hypotension and bradycardia. We present 4 pediatric cardiac surgical patients, aged 1 day to 9 months, who exhibited cardiovascular collapse in their early postoperative course. In each patient, cardiovascular deterioration was marked by an insidious decrease in arterial blood pressure without an associated change in heart rate, central venous pressure, or airway pressure. Bradycardia followed the decrease in blood pressure. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex was suspected and atropine was administered, first as a bolus injection at 0.01 mg/kg, and later, as a continuous infusion at 0.01 mg.kg-1.h-1. Atropine prevented recurrent episodes of hypotension and bradycardia. We believe the Bezold-Jarisch reflex is more prevalent than previously suspected in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical patients.
Assuntos
Bradicardia/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Reflexo Anormal , Atropina/uso terapêutico , Bradicardia/tratamento farmacológico , Bradicardia/fisiopatologia , Coração/inervação , Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipotensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotensão/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
We report an unselected series of eight patients younger than 6 months of age with Kawasaki disease evaluated between January 1982 and May 1984. The incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (six patients) and the mortality (two patients) were unusually high in this small series. Because of the confusing clinical presentation in three patients, diagnosis was delayed until pathologic or echocardiographic evidence of coronary vasculitis or aneurysm was discovered. The currently accepted clinical criteria for Kawasaki disease may not always identify patients with the pathologic findings of the syndrome who are younger than 6 months of age. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and echocardiographic evaluation of the coronary arteries should be considered in young infants with prolonged fever of unknown origin.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Aneurisma Coronário/mortalidade , Aneurisma Coronário/patologia , Dipiridamol , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/mortalidade , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Risco , Varfarina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A critically ill 21-month-old girl with congenital absence of the right pulmonary artery and severe pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure underwent conduit restoration of flow to the right lung. This patient had marked clinical improvement and reduction in pulmonary hypertension and represents the second reported surgically-treated case for absent right pulmonary artery. Reestablishment of pulmonary artery continuity is therefore recommended when cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension occurs.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Prótese Vascular , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Digoxina/uso terapêutico , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Comunicação Interatrial/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgiaRESUMO
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a syndrome consisting of severe hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension that appears within hours of birth. Since certain leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) are known to produce some of the features of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, including pulmonary vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, decreased lung compliance, and pulmonary edema, we studied five newborns with the syndrome to determine whether these leukotrienes were present in their airways. We found leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4 in the lung lavage fluids of all five newborns who had the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension and who required ventilatory assistance. In contrast, leukotrienes were not demonstrated in a control group of 14 infants requiring ventilatory assistance who did not have the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that leukotrienes may have a role in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Persistência do Padrão de Circulação Fetal/metabolismo , SRS-A/análise , Animais , Bioensaio , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Cobaias , Humanos , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Recém-Nascido , Pulmão/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome da Persistência do Padrão de Circulação Fetal/fisiopatologia , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
Four patients with atrial septal defects and congestive heart failure in the first year of life had none of the classic auscultatory findings of atrial septal defect. Three of four had murmurs suggestive of innocent pulmonary-artery branch stenosis.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interatrial/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Sopros Cardíacos , Comunicação Interatrial/complicações , Comunicação Interatrial/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Circulação PulmonarRESUMO
A case of double outlet right ventricle with multiple associated cardiovascular anomalies, including total absence of the aortic valve, is reported.