Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare strains infecting fishes inhabiting the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.

Flavobacterium columnare, the aetiological agent of columnaris disease, causes significant losses in fish worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of F. columnare infection was assessed in representative Great Lakes fish species. Over 2000 wild, feral and hatchery-propagated salmonids, percids, centrarchids, esocids and cyprinids were examined for systemic F. columnare infections. Logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of F. columnare infection varied temporally and by the sex of the fish, whereby females had significantly higher prevalence of infection. A total of 305 isolates of F. columnare were recovered. Amplification of the near complete 16S rRNA gene from 34 representative isolates and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses demonstrated that all belonged to F. columnare genomovar I. Phylogenetic analysis of near complete 16S rRNA gene sequences also placed the isolates in genomovar I, but revealed some intragenomovar heterogeneity. Together, these results suggest that F. columnare genomovar I is widespread in the Great Lakes Basin, where its presence may lead to mortality.

Lamellodiscus euzeti n. sp. (Monogenea:Diplectanidae), a parasite from Dentex canariensis and D. gibbosus (Teleostei:Sparidae) in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

Lamellodiscus euzeti n. sp. (Monogenea:Diplectanidae) is described from the gills of two sparid fishes, Dentex canariensis (Steindachner) off Senegal and Ivory Coast and D. gibbosus (Rafinesque) off Senegal and Tunisia. The new species belongs to the "ignoratus" group, characterized by a lamellodisc with complete lamellae, a "lyre" shaped male copulatory organ type, and the "ignoratus" sensu stricto subgroup, characterized by a haptor with simple lateral dorsal bars. Lamellodiscus euzeti n. sp can be distinguished from all the congeneric species of the "ignoratus" subgroup by the presence of a prominent protuberance at the base of the curved part of the simple piece of the male copulatory organ (MCO), a large bulb at the base of the bifurcated piece of the MCO and the presence of 5-6 spines in the distal portion of the axial branch of the bifurcated piece of the MCO. Specificity and biogeography of Lamellodiscus species from sparid fishes are discussed.

[Sero-epidemiological study of cowdriosis in Moorish zebu cattle from Senegal]. / Etude séro-épidémiologique de la cowdriose chez le zébu maure au Sénégal.

The seroprevalence against heartwater for maure zebus coming from Mali and Mauritania is analysed by indirect ELISA using the major antigenic protein number 1-B (MAP1-B). Sero-epidemiological results realized on maure zebu cattle give a good adequation between the abundance or absence of the vector tick in the two countries for 98% of prevalence in Mali (infected area) and 0% of prevalence in Mauritania (non infected area).

Light and electronic observations on Henneguya ghaffari (Myxosporea, Bivalvulida) infecting the gills and intestine of Nile perch Lates niloticus (Pisces: Teleostei) from Chad and Senegal.

Henneguya ghaffari Ali, 1999, described for the first time in Egypt, has been found on gills and intestine of Nile perch Lates niloticus L. from Chad and Senegal (Africa). It formed plasmodia which induced lesions of infected tissues. In fresh state, the spore body was ovoid and its size was 11.07 +/- 0.7 (range 11 to 13) x 7.7 +/- 0.4 (range 7 to 8) microm. The length of the caudal appendages was 44.2 +/- 1.7 (42 to 48) microm. The polar capsules were pyriform, of equal size, with the polar filament showing 4 coils, and measuring 3.17 +/- 0.1 (range 3 to 4) x 2.2 +/- 0.1 (range 1 to 2) microm. The total length of the spore was 55.73 +/- 1.7 (range 53 to 61) microm. At ultrastructural level, our results confirm that in Henneguya species, the sporoplasm is binucleate and the pansporaoblast is disporous.

[Unicapsula marquesi n. sp. (Mysxosporea, Multivalvulida) a gill parasite of Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829) (Pisces, Polynemidae) from the senegalese coast (West Africa)]. / Unicapsula marquesi n. sp. (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) parasite des branchies de Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829) (Poisson, Polynemidae) des côtes sénégalaises (Afrique de l'Ouest).

Unicapsula marquesi n. sp. (Myxosporea) is described from gill filaments of Polydactylus quadrifilis (Pisces, Polynemidae) obtained from coats of Senegal. The cysts were elongated and their length was 1 to 3 mm. The spores were pyramidal and composed of three valves. Only one of theses valves contained a developed polar capsule measuring 3.01 +/- 0.09 microns in diameter. Length of spore was 6.13 +/- 0.21 microns and the width was 7.18 +/- 0.17. No filament like appendage at the extremity of shell valves. Data on ultrastructure of spores are presented.

[Scanning electron microscope sudy of the morphology of fungi isolated from patients at the Aristide La Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal]. / Etude en microscopie electronique à balayage de la morphologie des champignons isoles chez des malades a l'Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar (Sénégal).

In order to improve the identification of fungi usually isolated among some patients at Dantec Hospital, a study by scanning electron microscopy has been carried out. It deals with four species of yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra Sacharomyces cerevisiae) six species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton interdigitale, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Microsporum audouinii); two species of mildew, (Aspergullus flavus, Aspergillus niger) and one species of dimorphic fungi (Histoplasma duboisii). The yeasts get a smooth surface with, often, a mark of but on it. Microsporum canis presents some echinulate macroconidia. Trichophyton violaceum is characterized by the appearance of echinulate chlamydoconidium with a twofold bulge and Microsporum audouinii by a echinulate chlamydoconidium with a bulge only. Trichophyton rubrum presents macroconidia with smooth surface and in "sausage" form, as for Trichophyton soudanense it presents some arthroconidia that are cells which get more or less rectangular form and with smooth surface. Aspergillus flavus is characterized by the presence of a conidiophore with a verrucosis surface and an aspergillary head of about 36 microns having some spores with almost smooth inner surface. On the other hand, Aspergillus niger gets a conidiophore with smooth surface. As for Histoplasma duboisii, the surface of the chlamydoconidium presents some verrucosis that are real conidia in formation. The scanning electron microscopy enables use to discover the existence of characters that are likely to be used for the identification of fungi.

Microfilum lutjani N. G. N. Sp. (Protozoa Microsporida), a gill parasite of the golden African snapper Lutjanus fulgens (Valenciennes, 1830) (Teleost Lutjanidae): developmental cycle and ultrastructure.

Microfilum lutjani n. g., n. sp. (Microsporida) was found on the gill filaments of Lutjanus fulgens (Teleost) inhabiting the coasts of Senegal. This microsporidium forms xenomas distinguished by the microvilli covering the plasma membrane. At all stages of development individuals have isolated nuclei and are in direct contact with the host cytoplasm. Merogony is binary and sporogony is tetrasporoblastic. The spore (4.75 x 2.60 microns) is characterized by a manubrium inserted on a laterally offset anchoring disc and extending into a very short, noncoiled polar filament (no longer than 500 nm) in the form of a hook. This type of polar filament has not been described previously in the Microsporida.

On the development cycle and ultrastructure of Vavraia culicis Weiser, 1947 (microsporida, pleistophoridae) with comments on the taxonomy of the genus Vavraia Weiser, 1977.

Vavraia culicis was studied using light and electron microscopy. The hosts were larvae of Anopheles gambiae collected in Senegal. Merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia had isolated nuclei. A thick amorphous coat was formed externally to the plasma membrane of the merogonial plasmodium, which developed into the envelope of the sporophorous vesicle. Division of merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia occurred by plasmotomy. Only one type of spores was produced. The polar filament was anisofilar. Meiosis was not observed.

Nosema galerucellae n. sp., Microsporidian (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite of Galerucella luteola Müller (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera): Development cycle and ultrastructure.

The life cycle of the microsporidian parasite of Galerucella luteola (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) was investigated by optical and electron microscopy. All stages were diplokaryotic and apansporoblastic. Sporogony was disporous. Spores were oval, elongated and measured 4.95 × 2.89 µm with a lamellar polaroplast and 7-9 coils of polar filament. These ultrastructural features indicate that this microsporidian is a Nosema. We have named it Nosema galerucellae n. sp.