[Increase of kidney enzymes in urine after administration of contrast media: comparison of the nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic substances]. / Anstieg von Nierenenzymen im Harn nach Kontrastmittelgabe: Vergleich der Nephrotoxizität ionischer und nichtionischer Präparate.

In a double blind clinical study, 50 patients with healthy kidneys were tested for the discharge of renal marker proteins before and after receiving a high or low osmoloar contrast medium (Meglium-Ioglicinat, Imeprol) using i.v. urography. The renal excretion of the tubular indicator enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, beta-Glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase increased in all patients after administration of the contrast media. The enzymuria was significantly lower with the non-ionic contrast medium with the ionic one, thus demonstrating that the non-ionic contrast medium has a lower nephrotoxic potential than the conventional ionic contrast medium. Three independent investigators evaluated the radiograms with regard to the contrast quality using prearranged criteria in a 5 point system. The diversity of the evaluations clearly favoured the non-ionic contrast medium.

[Osteonecrosis of the ossa sesamoidea hallucis--its pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. / Die Osteonekrose der Ossa sesamoidea hallucis--Pathologie, Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose.

Basing on case reports, the embryology and anatomy of the great toe sesamoid bones are described. Pathogenesis of the osteonecrosis of these bones is explained, and the role of radiology in diagnosis and as an important aid in differential diagnosis is pointed out.

[Radiologic diagnosis of silicotic cicatricial cancer. Incidence and correlation with pathologic-anatomic results]. / Radiologische Diagnostik silikotischer Narbenkarzinome. Häufigkeit und Korrelation zu pathologisch-anatomischen Ergebnissen.

Out of 1,200 patients with irradiated bronchogenic carcinomas, 487 men worked as coal miners and were exposed to silicon dioxide dust. Of these 212 patients showed radiological signs of pulmonary silicosis. The patients with a bronchogenic carcinoma and silicosis showed no significant dependence upon the grade of silicosis or working time underground concerning histology, age at disease onset, or localization in comparison to people with a bronchogenic carcinoma but without silicosis. Seven patients suffered from cicatricial carcinomata, the tumorous features and means of formation of which are discussed in comparison to pathological-anatomical results.

Radioprotection of minipig salivary glands by orciprenaline-carbachol. An ultrastructural and semiquantitative light microscopic study.

Parotid and submandibular glands of miniature pigs were exposed to 36 Gy X-irradiation given as 6 x 6 Gy in 3 weeks. Half of the animals received orciprenaline and carbachol before each dose. The effects were analysed 6 months later by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural examination showed less change in the pretreated glands. Semi-quantitative light microscopic data confirmed the significance of the differences. Acinar cells of both glands were significantly more numerous (P less than 0.01) and the cells were better preserved (P less than 0.01) in the pretreated group. The effect was more pronounced in the parotid gland, which appeared almost normal. Intercalated ducts of the parotid glands (P less than 0.01) and striated ducts of the submandibular glands (P less than 0.05) showed less change in pretreated animals. The findings confirm the radioprotective effect of pharmacologically induced degranulation of acinar cells. The biological effects of the radiation schedule (cumulative radiation effect value 18.76) as well as the dosage of orciprenaline and carbachol are within the normal range of medical treatment. Similar results may be expected from future studies in man.

[Asymptomatic calcified aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery--differential diagnostic considerations]. / Asymptomatisches verkalktes Aneurysma der Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis inferior--differentialdiagnostische Uberlegungen.

A calcified aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery with simultaneous occlusion of the celiac axis but without any local symptoms is presented. In the description of the diagnostic procedure, the considerations relating to differential diagnosis against solitary circumferentially calcified masses in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen are discussed. As a result of increasingly sophisticated examination techniques, especially digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography, these aneurysms, which were formerly thought to be rare, are now discovered surprisingly often. Knowledge of this vascular malformation and its differential diagnoses helps to avoid risky methods of examination.

[Irradiation of TSH-secreting hypophyseal adenomas]. / Zur Frage der Bestrahlung TSH-sezernierender Hypophysenadenome.

Hypophyseal adenomas secreting TSH are very rare. In dependence on local symptoms, internal-endocrinological, neurosurgical, or radiotherapeutical treatment approaches are applied alone or in combination. A case of radiotherapy alone is presented which was performed successfully in a patient with TSH secreting hypophyseal adenoma. This case is compared with the rates of success of other therapy modalities by means of a detailed literature survey.

[Value of sonography and computerized tomography in pelvic tumors in the female. Prospective comparative study of 132 surgically treated pelvic space-occupying lesions]. / Wertigkeit der Sonographie und Computertomographie bei tumoren im kleinen Becken der Frau. Prospektive vergleichende Untersuchung bei 132 operierten pelvinen Raumforderungen.

Clinical examination, ultrasonography and computed sonography were compared in a prospective study to establish their relative value in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in the female pelvis; 132 surgically excised lesions were examined with reference to the preoperative diagnoses made by all three methods. In the case of tumors of the ovary, the fallopian tubes and the corpus uteri, ultrasonography and computed tomography were found to yield information of approximately equal diagnostic value with reference to the site and extent of the tumor, the organ or organs affected and the consistency of the tumor. The two procedures were significantly more accurate than clinical examination, and to some extent they proved to complement each other. In contrast, computer tomography and ultrasonography proved to be inferior to clinical examination in the detection of tumors of the cervix.

[5-year cure results in the radiotherapy of cervix uteri cancers between 1928 and 1977. An historical survey of a half-century reporting period]. / Fünfjahresheilungsergebnisse bei der Strahlentherapie von 4347 Collum-uteri-Karzinomen im Zeitraum von 1928 bis 1977. Historischer Uberblick über einen Berichtszeitraum eines halben Jahrhunderts.

The authors present the five-year healing results of 4347 uterine cervix cancers treated at our Radiotherapeutic Institute within the years of 1928 to 1977. The part of patients irradiated postoperatively increased by 30% during this period, and the average age of patients at the beginning of their disease increased by almost seven years. The overall five-year healing results increased from 47 to 60% during this half of a century, especially the prognosis of stage II and III was considerably improved. With almost the same rate of radiogenic side effects, the incidence of recurrences could be reduced by 50%. The healing results achieved by us in uterine cervix cancer during the last ten years under report correspond well with the healing results of other radiotherapeutic hospitals. Even when compared to the most recent reports on the success achieved by afterloading techniques, there is not much difference to our recent results obtained with radium brachytherapy.

[Results of combined surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment of oral cancer in relation to the application of the Nominal Standard Dose]. / Heilungsergebnisse kombiniert chirurgisch und strahlentherapeutisch behandelter Mundhöhlenkarzinome in Abhängigkeit von der applizierten Nominal-Standard-Dose.

Between 1972 and 1980, a homogeneous group of 116 patients with squamous cell carcinomas in the oral cavity and the oropharynx underwent a combined surgical and radiological treatment. 36 out of them were submitted to a preoperative short-term irradiation with postoperative dose completion, the other 80 patients were only irradiated after the operation. The nominal standard dose (NSD) was calculated for all patients. The group submitted to preoperative short-term irradiation, having the same conditions apart from that, showed considerably less recurrences (13.9%) than the patients irradiated only after the operation (33.7%). Due to the shorter overall treatment period, higher average NSD values have been obtained in case of preoperative short-term irradiation. The authors discuss to what extent the better treatment results of pre- and postoperative irradiation are due to the devitalization effect or to the higher NSD values. The results show, however, that the fractionation scheme should be taken into special consideration in order to optimize the biologic radiation effect in the treatment of carcinomas of the oral cavity.

[Frequency of second tumors in breast cancer]. / Häufigkeit von Zweittumoren beim Mammakarzinom.

A retrospective study was made on the secondary tumor rate of 919 patients treated for mammary carcinoma during the period of 1966 to 1975 at the Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Recklinghausen. Compared to the age and tumor specific incidence, the risk of a secondary mammary carcinoma was 5.5 times higher for those patients suffering from a mammary carcinoma at less than 50 years. Patients with primary mammary carcinoma beyond the age of 50 had no increased incidence of secondary carcinomas compared to the female population without tumor anamnesis. Despite a slightly increased coincidence with cutaneous neoplasias, the rate of secondary malignomas developed in the following years is not essentially increased as compared with normal population.