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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 982-987, Sept. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-608693

RESUMO

Echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass (LVM) is being used for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with various cardiovascular diseases. The purposes of this study was to establish normal values of LVM according to weight, height and body surface area (BSA) in children and to determine the sex differences. We evaluated 208 children (143 males and 65 females), aged 1 day to 14 years who had no cardiovascular disease. The end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension (LVIDd), end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) and end-diastolic interventricular septum (IVSd) values were determined by M-mode echocardiographic examination. By using these values, left ventricular mass was calculated. The difference between LVIDd, LVPWd and LVM values of boys and girls were not statistically significant . We observed statistically significant differences between the sexes relative to IVSd and LVM/BSA values. The left ventricular mass and its components presented a good correlation with age, weight, height and BSA. The study let us know the lower and upper limits of cardiac dimensions and LVM obtained by echocardiography in normal Turkish children according to BSA. Also, as the LVM/BSA values show gender difference in children, sex should be taken in consideration while evaluating the left ventricular hypertrophy.


La medición ecocardiográfica de la masa ventricular izquierda (LVM) se utiliza para el diagnóstico de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en los niños con diversas enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron establecer los valores normales de MVI en función del peso, altura y área de superficie corporal (BSA) en niños y determinar las diferencias entre sexos. Se evaluaron 208 niños (143 varones y 65 mujeres), con edades entre 1 día a 14 años de edad que presentaban enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se determinaron los valores interno al final del diástole ventricular izquierdo (LVIDd), el espesor de la pared posterior (LVPWd) y el tabique interventricular (IVSd) mediante el examen ecocardiográfico en modo M. Utilizando estos valores, fue calculada la masa ventricular izquierda. Las diferencias de los valores LVIDd, LVPWd LVM entre niños y niñas no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Observamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sexos en relación con los valores IVSd y LVM/BSA. La masa ventricular izquierda y sus componentes presentaron una buena correlación con la edad, peso, altura y BSA. Este estudio nos permitió conocer los límites superior e inferior de las dimensiones cardíacas, junto a la LVM obtenidas mediante ecocardiografía en niños turcos normales de acuerdo con el BSA. Además, como los valores LVM/BSA muestran diferencias entre sexos en los niños, el sexo se debería tomar en consideración al evaluar la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Diferenciação Sexual/fisiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/métodos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Valores de Referência
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 7-15, Mar. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-591942

RESUMO

In this study, we evaluated the ultrastructural findings of testis with systemic administration of different doses of melatonin during ischemic period in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testis ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by torsion of the left testis, with a 720 degrees twisting of the spermatic cord so as to produce a total occlusion of testis for 2.5 hours. Subsequently, the same testis was then detorsioned. According to surgical procedure in each group, unilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination. The groups were labelled as control group, torsion group (T), torsion and detorsion group (T/D), torsion-detorsion and melatonin group (T/D+20,50 and 100 mg/kg melatonin). For the histological examination, testicular tissues were fixed in 2.5 percent glutheraldehyde and postfixation 1 percent osmic acid solutions. They were examined under transmission electron microscopy after application of contrast stained. In torsion group testis cross-sections, cytoplasm residues of mature sperms and large vacuole-like structures were noticeable. In detorsion group testis cross-sections, dissociations in spermatocide nuclei, many vacuoles and residual particles resulting from organelle degeneration, local voids in cytoplasms of spermatogonia, dilatation in granulated endoplasmic reticulum, large lipid droplets, chromatid particles, along with mitochondrial crystalisis were determined. In the testis cross-sections of the group of T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin administration, sertoli and spermatogonia cells that showed membrane-like structures and cytoplasmic voids were observed. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin showed small mitochondrions and vacuole-like structures placed on the edge. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+100 mg/kg melatonin resulted in views similar to those of controls in the microstructural level. As a result, the most effective...


Se evaluaron, en un modelo de torsión/detorsión (T/D) testicular en rata, los cambios ultraestructurales producidos en los testículos, posterior a la administración sistémica de diferentes dosis de melatonina, durante el período de isquemia. La lesión de isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) testicular fue inducida por la torsión del testículo izquierdo, con un giro de 720 grados del cordón espermático con el fin de producir una oclusión total de los testículos durante 2,5 horas. Posteriormente, los mismos testículos fueron detorsionados. De acuerdo con el procedimiento quirúrgico en cada grupo, fueron realizados exámenes histopatológicos de las orquiectomías unilaterales. Los grupos fueron divididos en grupo control, grupo torsión (T), grupo torsión/destorsión (T/D), y grupo torción/destorsión con melatonina (T/D +20, 50 y 100 mg/kg de la melatonina). Para el examen histológico, los tejidos testiculares fueron fijados en soluciones de glutaraldehído al 2,5 por ciento y postfijados al 1 por ciento en ácido ósmico. Luego fueron examinados, después de la aplicación de contrastes de colores, a través de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. En las secciones transversales del grupo con torsión testicular, fueron visibles residuos citoplas-máticos de espermatozoides maduros y grandes estructuras vacuolares. En las secciones transversales del grupo con destorsión testicular, se observaron disociaciones en los núcleos espermáticos, numerosas vacuolas y partículas residuales derivadas de la degeneración de organelos; además de espacios localizados en el citoplasma de las espermatogonias, dilatación en el retículo endoplasmático rugoso, grandes gotas de lípidos y partículas de cromátidas, junto con cristálisis mitocondrial. En las secciones transversales del grupo T/D +50 mg/kg de administración de melatonina, células sustentaculares y espermatogonias mostraron estructuras tipo membrana y vacíos citoplasmáticos. Las secciones transversales del grupo con torsión en la que fue ...


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Ratos , Melatonina/administração & dosagem , Melatonina/uso terapêutico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/terapia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/veterinária , Ratos Sprague-Dawley/anormalidades , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/citologia , Testículo , Testículo/embriologia
3.
Eur Surg Res ; 37(6): 323-9, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16465055

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) on neurological function, histopathology, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) following spinal cord ischemia in rats, and the interaction between therapy with the nitric oxide donor L-Arg and up-regulation of the expression of HIF-1alpha. Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were divided into three groups, each containing 10 rats: group 1, sham operation; group 2, untreated ischemia-reperfusion (I-R); group 3, I-R plus L-Arg treatment. Spinal cord ischemia was applied for 20 min. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressures, temperatures, and blood gas levels among the groups. In group 2, malondialdehyde values were significantly increased compared with groups 1 and 3. The rats with aortic occlusion in group 2 had paraplegia or paraparesis. In group 3, all animals were neurologically intact. In group 3, spinal motor neurons did not decrease significantly, and little proliferation of microglia was observed compared with those in group 2. In group 2, spinal motor neurons in ventral gray matter decreased significantly compared with those in groups 1 and 3. HIF-1alpha-positive immunostaining was mildly detected in group 2 animals. The expression of immunoreactive cells was intensely increased in spinal cord tissue from I-R/L-Arg rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HIF-1alpha-positive immunostaining may be critical factors in the pathophysiology of inflammatory spinal cord injury induced by I-R. Nitric oxide may play an important role in the immunohistochemical expression of these molecules, and the neuroprotective benefit of L-Arg may be attributed to preventing neural cell necrosis.


Assuntos
Arginina/farmacologia , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/patologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos
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